Section I General Provisions
Article 29 prohibits the discharge of oil, acid, alkali or highly toxic waste liquid into water bodies.
It is prohibited to wash vehicles and containers that have been filled with oil or toxic pollutants in water bodies.
Article 30 It is prohibited to discharge or dump radioactive solid wastes or wastewater containing highly or moderately radioactive substances into water bodies.
The discharge of wastewater containing low radioactive substances into water bodies shall be in accordance with the relevant state regulations and standards for the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.
Article 31 Discharge of wastewater containing heat into a body of water shall take measures to ensure that the water temperature of the body of water conforms to the water environment quality standards.
Article 32 Wastewater containing pathogens shall be sterilized; it may be discharged only after it meets the relevant state standards.
Article 33 It is prohibited to discharge or dump industrial waste, urban garbage and other wastes into water bodies.
It is prohibited to discharge, dump or bury directly into the ground soluble and highly toxic waste residues containing mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, lead, cyanide, yellow phosphorus and so on into water bodies.
Storage of soluble highly toxic waste places, should take waterproof, anti-leakage, anti-wastage measures.
Article 34 prohibits the accumulation and storage of solid wastes and other pollutants in the beaches and bank slopes below the maximum water level line of rivers, lakes, canals, channels and reservoirs.
Article 35 prohibits the use of seepage wells, seepage pits, fissures and caverns to discharge or dump wastewater containing toxic pollutants, sewage containing pathogens and other wastes.
Article 36 prohibits the use of ditches, pits and ponds without anti-seepage measures to transport or store wastewater containing toxic pollutants, sewage containing pathogens and other wastes.
Article 37 Where the water quality of aquifers of multi-layered groundwater varies greatly, they shall be mined in separate layers; no mixed mining shall be permitted in respect of contaminated submerged and pressurized water.
Article 38 The construction of underground engineering facilities or underground exploration, mining and other activities, protective measures shall be taken to prevent groundwater pollution.
Article 39 Artificial recharge recharge groundwater, shall not deteriorate the quality of groundwater.
Section II Prevention and Control of Industrial Water Pollution
Article 40 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people's governments at or above the county level shall reasonably plan the industrial layout, and require enterprises causing water pollution to carry out technological reforms, adopt comprehensive preventive and control measures, improve the reuse rate of water, and reduce the discharge of waste water and pollutants.
Article 41 The state of serious pollution of the water environment of backward processes and equipment to implement the elimination system.
The State Council's comprehensive economic macro-control departments, in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council, to publish a deadline for the prohibition of the use of serious pollution of the water environment, the list of processes and a deadline for the prohibition of the production, sale, import, use of serious pollution of the water environment, the list of equipment.
Producers, sellers, importers or users should be in the specified period of time to stop the production, sale, import or use of equipment included in the preceding paragraph in the equipment list. Process adopters shall stop using the process in the list of processes specified in the preceding paragraph within a specified period of time.
Equipment eliminated in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall not be transferred to others for use.
Article 42 The State prohibits the construction of new small-scale paper-making, tanning, dyeing, dyestuffs, coking, sulfur refining, arsenic refining, mercury refining, oil refining, electroplating, pesticides, asbestos, cement, glass, iron and steel, thermal power, as well as other serious pollution of the water environment of the production projects that are not in line with the national industrial policy.
Article 43 Enterprises shall adopt clean processes with high raw material utilization efficiency and low pollutant emissions, and strengthen management to reduce the generation of water pollutants.
Section III prevention and control of water pollution in cities and towns
Article 44 The sewage in cities and towns should be centralized.
Local people's governments at or above the county level shall raise funds through financial budgets and other channels, and make overall arrangements for the construction of centralized treatment facilities for urban sewage and the supporting pipeline network, so as to improve the collection and treatment rates of urban sewage in the administrative region.
The construction department of the state council shall, in conjunction with the state council's comprehensive economic macro-control, environmental protection department, according to the urban and rural planning and water pollution prevention and control planning, organizing the preparation of the national urban sewage treatment facilities construction planning. Local people's governments at or above the county level to organize construction, comprehensive economic macro-control, environmental protection, water administration and other departments to prepare the administrative region of urban sewage treatment facilities construction planning. Local people's governments at or above the county level, the construction department shall, in accordance with the construction of urban sewage treatment facilities planning, organizing the construction of centralized urban sewage treatment facilities and ancillary pipeline network, and to strengthen the supervision and management of centralized urban sewage treatment facilities operation.
Centralized urban sewage treatment facilities in accordance with national regulations to provide sewage treatment of paid services to sewers, sewage treatment fees, to ensure the normal operation of centralized sewage treatment facilities. Discharge of sewage to the centralized urban sewage treatment facilities, pay sewage treatment costs, no longer pay sewage charges. Collected sewage treatment costs should be used for the construction and operation of centralized urban sewage treatment facilities, shall not be diverted to other uses.
Centralized urban sewage treatment facilities, sewage treatment charges, management, and the use of specific measures, shall be prescribed by the State Council.
Article 45 The discharge of water pollutants into centralized urban sewage treatment facilities shall comply with the national or local standards for the discharge of water pollutants.
Centralized urban sewage treatment facilities of water quality to meet the national or local water pollutant discharge standards, can be exempted from paying sewage charges in accordance with relevant state regulations.
Centralized urban sewage treatment facilities of the operating unit, shall be responsible for the centralized urban sewage treatment facilities of water quality.
The competent department of environmental protection shall supervise and inspect the quality and quantity of water from centralized urban sewage treatment facilities.
Article 46 The construction of domestic garbage landfill shall take measures to prevent seepage and other measures to prevent water pollution.
Section IV Prevention and Control of Agricultural and Rural Water Pollution
Article 47 The use of pesticides shall comply with national regulations and standards for the safe use of pesticides.
Transportation, storage of pesticides and disposal of expired pesticides shall be strengthened management to prevent water pollution.
Article 48 The competent departments of agriculture and other relevant departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall take measures to guide agricultural producers to apply fertilizers and pesticides in a scientific and rational manner, to control the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, and to prevent water pollution.
Article 49 The state supports livestock and poultry farms and farming communities to build facilities for the comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry manure and wastewater or harmless treatment.
Livestock and poultry farms, farming communities shall ensure that their livestock and poultry manure, comprehensive utilization of wastewater or harmless treatment facilities for normal operation, to ensure that sewage discharge standards, to prevent pollution of the water environment.
Article 50 engaged in aquaculture shall protect the ecological environment of the waters, scientifically determine the breeding density, reasonable baiting and use of drugs to prevent pollution of the water environment.
Article 51 The discharge of industrial wastewater and urban sewage into farmland irrigation channels shall ensure that the water quality of the nearest irrigation intake point downstream of it meets the water quality standards for farmland irrigation.
Using industrial wastewater and urban sewage for irrigation shall prevent the pollution of soil, groundwater and agricultural products.
Section V Prevention and Control of Water Pollution from Ships
Article 52 Discharge of oily sewage and domestic sewage from ships shall comply with the standards for discharge of pollutants from ships. Ships engaged in marine shipping that enter inland rivers and ports shall comply with the standards for discharge of pollutants from ships in inland rivers.
The residual oil and waste oil of ships shall be recycled and discharged into water bodies is prohibited.
Dumping of ships' garbage into water bodies is prohibited.
Ships loading and transporting oil or toxic goods shall take measures to prevent overflow and leakage, and to prevent water pollution caused by goods falling into the water.
Article 53 The ship shall be configured in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state appropriate anti-fouling equipment and devices, and hold legal and effective certificates and instruments for the prevention of environmental pollution of waters.
Ships carrying out operations involving the discharge of pollutants, shall strictly comply with the operating procedures, and truthfully recorded in the corresponding record book.
Article 54 ports, terminals, loading and unloading stations and ship repair yards shall be equipped with adequate facilities for the reception of ship pollutants and waste. Engaged in ship pollutants, waste receiving operations, or engaged in the loading of oil, pollution hazardous cargo cabin cleaning operations, should have the capacity to receive and handle its scale of operation is appropriate.
Article 55 The ship to carry out the following activities, shall prepare an operational program, take effective safety and pollution prevention measures, and report to the operation of the maritime administration for approval:
(a) residual oil, oily wastewater, pollution hazardous cargo residue receiving operations, or loaded with oil, pollution hazardous cargo cleaning operations of the ship's compartment;
(b) to conduct Bulk liquid pollution-hazardous cargo barging operations;
(C) ship dismantling on the water, salvage or other water, underwater ship construction operations.
Water dismantling activities of fishing vessels in the waters of fishing ports shall be reported to the competent fisheries department in the place of operation for approval.
Chapter V Protection of Drinking Water Sources and Other Special Water Bodies
Article 56 The state establishes a system of protected areas for drinking water sources. Drinking water source protection areas are divided into primary protection areas and secondary protection areas; if necessary, a certain area can be delineated as a quasi-protection area on the periphery of the drinking water source protection area.
Drawing of drinking water source protection area, by the relevant municipal and county people's government to put forward the delineation of the program, reported to the people's government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government for approval; cross-municipal and county drinking water source protection area of the delineation of the people's government of the relevant municipalities and counties to consult with the delineation of the program, the people's government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government for approval; consultations do not, the people's government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government of the environmental protection The competent department in conjunction with the same level of water administration, land resources, health, construction and other departments to put forward the delineation of the program, consult the relevant departments at the same level, reported to the people's government of the province, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval.
Trans-provincial, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government of the drinking water source protection zone, by the relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central People's Government of the relevant watershed management organization; consultation fails, by the State Council environmental protection department in charge of the same level of water administration, land and resources, health, construction, and other departments of the delimitation of the plan to seek the views of the State Council departments concerned, for the State Council's approval.
The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the actual needs of the protection of drinking water sources, adjust the scope of the protected area of drinking water sources to ensure the safety of drinking water. The relevant local people's government shall set up a clear geographic boundary markers and obvious warning signs at the boundary of the drinking water source protection area.
Article 57 In the drinking water source protection area, prohibit the installation of sewage outlets.
Article 58 prohibits in the drinking water source of the first level of protection of new construction, alteration and expansion of construction projects not related to water supply facilities and protection of water sources; has been built with the water supply facilities and protection of water sources of construction projects not related to the people's government at or above the county level shall be ordered to dismantle or shut down.
It is prohibited to engage in net-box farming, tourism, swimming, fishing or other activities that may pollute the drinking water body in the primary protected area of drinking water sources.
Article 59 prohibits new construction, alteration and expansion of construction projects discharging pollutants within the secondary protected areas of drinking water sources; construction projects already completed that discharge pollutants shall be ordered to be dismantled or closed by the people's governments at or above the county level.
In the secondary protection zone of drinking water sources engaged in net-box farming, tourism and other activities, shall be in accordance with the provisions of the measures to prevent pollution of drinking water bodies.
Article 60 prohibits in the quasi-protected areas of drinking water sources of new construction, expansion of serious pollution of water bodies of construction projects; alteration of construction projects, shall not increase the amount of sewage.
Article 61 The local people's governments at or above the county level shall, according to the actual needs of protecting drinking water sources, take engineering measures or construct wetlands, water conservation forests and other ecological protection measures in quasi-protected areas to prevent water pollutants from being directly discharged into the drinking water body, to ensure the safety of drinking water.
Article 62 of the drinking water source is polluted may threaten the safety of water supply, the competent department of environmental protection shall order the relevant enterprises and institutions to take measures to stop or reduce the discharge of water pollutants.
Article 63 The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in accordance with the needs of water environmental protection, may provide for the protection of drinking water sources within the protected area, to prohibit or restrict the use of phosphorus-containing detergents, fertilizers, pesticides, and restriction of planting and breeding and other measures.
Article 64 The people's governments at or above the county level may designate protected areas for water bodies in scenic spots, important fishery water bodies and other water bodies of special economic and cultural value, and take measures to ensure that the quality of water in the protected areas complies with the water environment quality standards for the specified purposes.
Article 65 No new outfalls shall be built within the protection zones of water bodies in scenic spots, important fishery water bodies and other water bodies with special economic and cultural values. New sewage outfalls in the vicinity of a protected area shall ensure that the water bodies in the protected area are not polluted.
Water Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasures
1. Take urgent and practical action to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution on the Weihe River and the Yellow River main stream, which are already seriously polluted The main reason for the pollution problem of the Weihe River and the Yellow River main stream is that for quite some time we are still taking the path of only caring about development and disregarding the environment, or "development first and governance later". The main reason is that for quite some time we have been following the path of development without regard to the environment or "development first, governance later". This road is very wrong as it is quick to achieve quick profits, destructive use of resources and pollution of the environment, which not only jeopardizes future generations but also has already jeopardized the present generation of mankind.
The fundamental way to overcome this crisis is to change the mode of development and take the road of sustainable development. Specifically, in order to save the Weihe River and protect the Yellow River, comprehensive measures need to be taken to strictly control the total amount of pollutants discharged along the coast, and to shift from end-of-pipe management to source control. The first step is to adjust the industrial structure, for the new development projects, must strengthen the development planning and project environmental impact assessment, resolutely not on the resource consumption, pollution emissions of industrial enterprise projects, and must be resolute to eliminate the existing serious pollution projects, to resolutely eliminate the eastern region eliminated the westward relocation of polluting enterprises.
2. Adopt the policy of prevention as the mainstay, in the process of western development to prevent water pollution is at a medium level and has not yet been significantly polluted by the aggravation of the water pollution situation in the region if from the beginning of industrialization began to pay attention to the industrial development and environmental protection in coordination with the follow the strategy of sustainable development, take the road of the new type of industrialization, the Northwest will be able to develop in a healthy manner.
Specifically, Xinjiang's Urumqi City, Gansu's Baiyin City and Shaanxi's Tongchuan City and other cities and regions, should be in the original source of pollution as soon as possible to take comprehensive treatment measures at the same time, the strict hold of the new project off, to do in the pay off the old debt at the same time to ensure that do not owe the new debt, so that the majority of the Ⅵ quality of water in the river to be improved. For the sparsely populated, river water quality to maintain the cities and regions in the Ⅱ and Ⅲ, should be a step across the traditional development mode, directly in accordance with the requirements of the new road to industrialization to achieve the goal of economic development.
3. Vigorously implement cleaner production, and strive to achieve zero growth in industrial water consumption and wastewater emissions and zero discharge of toxic and hazardous pollutants industrial pollution control is a very important part of the prevention and control of water pollution in the development of China's Northwest should be put forward to realize the requirements of zero growth in wastewater emissions. Domestic and foreign practice, including the practice of some advanced enterprises in the northwest, has proved the possibility of achieving this goal.
In addition to organic pollution and ammonia nitrogen found in the Yellow River Basin, toxic and harmful pollutants such as phenol, petroleum and mercury have been found, of which the main emitters of phenol are the chemical industry, paper industry and smelting industry, the main sources of petroleum-based pollution are mining, chemical industry and smelting industry, and mercury is mainly discharged from smelting industry and mining. These industries must quickly revolutionize the process, improve management, and completely eliminate the emission of toxic and harmful substances.
4. Increase urban wastewater treatment, improve the recycling rate of sewage, for the development of the northwest region to provide stable and reliable water resources, to promote economic development and to protect the people's needs of urban wastewater after proper treatment can be recycled in industry, agriculture, municipal, etc., should be in the northwest region of the serious shortage of water to speed up the speed of urban wastewater treatment, so that the seriously polluted areas as soon as possible Get rid of the pollution situation, as soon as possible to improve the utilization rate of treated wastewater.
The construction of urban wastewater treatment plants must be synchronized with the construction of urban wastewater collection pipe network, so as not to repeat the mistakes made by many cities in the eastern region, that is, due to the lag in the construction of pipeline network system so that the function of wastewater treatment plants can not be played.
The choice of urban wastewater treatment process technology is very important, should not be copied, copied from the eastern region and even foreign so-called advanced process technology, but should pay special attention to the use of natural purification system suitable for wastewater in the western region of the natural conditions of the northwestern region of the sparsely populated for example, the various types of land treatment systems and oxidation pond system.
5. Strengthen the control of surface pollution, standardize the use of pesticides and fertilizers in Northwest China's agricultural water consumption accounted for 89.3% of the total water consumption. The pollution caused by agriculture and animal husbandry cannot be ignored. The state should introduce policies to regulate and limit the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture and animal husbandry types and use, and vigorously foster ecological agriculture. This is not only related to the control of water pollution in Northwest China, but also related to the safety of Northwest China's agricultural products and people's health.