Domestic garbage in China can be divided into four categories, namely, recycled garbage, kitchen garbage, harmful waste and other garbage.
Recyclable garbage:
According to the industry standard of Classification and Evaluation Standard of Municipal Domestic Waste, recyclables refer to wastes suitable for recycling and resource utilization. Mainly includes:
1. paper: writing paper, wrapping paper and other paper products that are not seriously polluted. Such as waste newspapers, periodicals, books, all kinds of wrapping paper, office paper, advertising paper, cartons and so on. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water-soluble to be recycled.
2. Plastics: plastic products, such as waste container plastics and packaging plastics. Such as various plastic bags, plastic bottles, foamed plastics, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, hard plastics and even buttons.
3. Metals: all kinds of scrap metal products. Such as cans, tin cans, lead toothpaste, waste batteries, etc.
4. Glass: colored and colorless waste glass products, mainly including various glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles, etc.
5. Fabric: old textile clothing and textile products, mainly including discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc.
Kitchen garbage:
In a narrow sense, kitchen waste is an organic waste, which generally refers to raw materials and finished products (cooked food) or residues needed for family life and diet. But kitchen waste in a broad sense also includes used chopsticks and food packaging materials.
1. food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots, leaves and expired food.
2. Wastes such as peels, eggshells and shells produced during food processing.
Bottles and bags used to hold food should be classified according to their kinds.
4. Flowers and branches on the balcony, weeds in the garden, etc.
Hazardous waste:
Toxic and hazardous waste refers to waste containing heavy metals and toxic substances that are harmful to human health or cause actual or potential harm to the environment. Generally speaking, those wastes that are dangerous, infectious, flammable and explosive are classified as hazardous wastes.
1. Waste batteries, fluorescent tubes, light bulbs, mercury thermometers and other articles containing heavy metals.
2. Paint buckets, mousse bottles, perfume bottles and other flammable items.
3. TV sets, computers, air conditioners, electric fans, vacuum cleaners, rice cookers and other household appliances; Mobile phones, telephones, calculators and other small household appliances. Can be used for recycling garbage or hazardous waste, because they contain plastics and heavy metals. This is also called e-waste.
4 expired drugs, medical supplies and other medical wastes.
5. Expired or unused cosmetics, etc.
Other garbage:
Including bricks and tiles, waste residue, toilet waste paper, paper towels and other wastes that are difficult to recycle, sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
1. Garbage generated from site construction and house decoration.
2. Ceramic fragments, dust, dregs, etc.
3. Toilet waste paper, female physiological products, etc.
4. Corn kernels, nut shells, nuts, etc.
Classification of all garbage
Garbage includes industrial waste residue and domestic garbage. Industrial waste residue refers to the waste produced in the process of industrial production and processing, mainly including coal grindstone, fly ash, steel slag, blast furnace slag, red mud, plastic and petroleum waste residue. Domestic waste is mainly kitchen waste, waste plastics, waste paper, broken glass, metal products, etc. In cities, due to the increasing population, domestic garbage is increasing at the rate of 10% every year, which constitutes a major public hazard.
Classification of domestic garbage in cities at home and abroad: according to the composition and output of garbage, combined with the resource utilization and treatment methods of local garbage. Germany is generally divided into paper, glass, metal, plastic and so on. Australia is generally divided into compostable garbage, recyclable garbage and non-recyclable garbage; Japan is generally divided into combustible garbage, nonflammable garbage, and so on.
Domestic waste in China can be generally divided into four categories: recyclable waste, kitchen waste, harmful waste and other wastes. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting.
1. Recyclable garbage includes paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc. Through comprehensive treatment and recycling, pollution is reduced and resources are saved. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.
2. Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots and leaves. After in-situ composting by biotechnology, 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton.
3. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste water silver thermometers, expired drugs, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment.
4. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, waste residue, toilet waste paper and other wastes that are difficult to recycle. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
How to classify garbage?
1, make full use of media resources, and join the publicity and education to popularize garbage sorting and recyclable scientific knowledge. The media has social responsibility. As a * * *, it also has the ability to make use of various media resources including TV, radio, newspapers and periodicals to effectively publicize and popularize knowledge about the reuse of garbage resources, and how to publicize and educate the classification knowledge of garbage classification. Many citizens still can't tell the classification of combustible garbage, nonflammable garbage, kitchen garbage and so on.
2. Take streets and communities as units to train propagandists and popularize scientific knowledge of garbage classification. Community residential area is the most important gathering place for all kinds of domestic garbage, including kitchen waste, electronic waste, waste paper batteries, plastics and so on. And garbage classification is also the most complicated. For the general residents, especially the elderly and scattered community residents, the phenomenon of lack of knowledge and improper classification is the most concentrated. Some residents have a preference for some news media and TV channels, which cannot be fully covered. Therefore, starting from streets and communities is an important place to solve the popularization of garbage classification knowledge and must be strengthened. You can also learn from the experience of Yokohama, Japan. It is said that in order to improve the effect of garbage disposal in Yokohama, Japan, the classification has reached as many as 10. In order to help people adapt to the new garbage sorting method, a 27-page instruction manual was specially issued for the public. We might as well adopt the method of distributing classified books.
3, in primary and secondary education, increase the content of specialized garbage classification, resource utilization and environmental protection knowledge. Garbage sorting should start with dolls, which is one of the successful experiences abroad, especially in Japan. The knowledge of garbage classification, resource utilization and environmental protection in primary and secondary education is the fundamental link to solve garbage classification and resource utilization. It is understood that environmental education in Japanese primary schools begins with garbage sorting. These students are also good propagandists and supervisors in society after returning to China. They will educate families and people around them about garbage sorting and recycling, so that the whole society can gradually form a good habit of garbage sorting.
What kinds of garbage are there? explain
Garbage can be classified into "recyclable" and "non-chargeable".
"Recyclable" mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and fabric.
1, waste paper: including newspapers, periodicals, books, all kinds of wrapping paper, office paper, advertising paper, packaging cartons, etc. But paper towels and toilet paper are too water-soluble to be recycled.
2. Plastics: including various plastic bags, plastic packaging materials, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, etc.
3. Glass: including all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles, etc.
4. Metal objects: mainly include cans, cans, toothpaste tubes and various metal parts.
5. Fabric: including discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, cloth schoolbags, cloth shoes, etc.
Unrecoverable "(waste) includes: cigarette butts, chicken feathers, cinders, paints, pigments, waste batteries, food residues, construction waste, etc.
Extended data:
Judging from the classification methods of municipal solid waste at home and abroad, it is generally classified according to the composition and output of garbage, combined with the resource utilization and treatment methods of local garbage.
For example, Germany is generally divided into paper, glass, metal and plastic; Australia is generally divided into compostable garbage, recyclable garbage and non-recyclable garbage; Japan is generally divided into plastic bottles, recyclable plastics, other plastics, resource garbage, large garbage, combustible garbage, nonflammable garbage and harmful waste.
In China, sanitary landfill or even simple landfill is mostly used for garbage disposal, covering an area of tens of thousands of mu; Moreover, insects and flies fly around, sewage overflows and stinks, which seriously pollutes the environment.
Waste plastics in soil will lead to crop yield reduction; Waste plastics are eaten by animals by mistake, resulting in accidents of animal death. So recycling can also reduce the harm.
The benefits of garbage sorting are obvious. After sorting, the garbage is sent to the factory instead of landfill, which not only saves land, but also avoids the pollution caused by landfill or incineration, and can also turn waste into treasure. In this battle between man and garbage, people turned garbage from enemies into friends.
Therefore, classified collection of garbage can reduce the quantity and equipment of garbage disposal, reduce the disposal cost and reduce the consumption of land resources, which has social, economic and ecological benefits.
Sogou encyclopedia-garbage classification
Garbage sorting?
Garbage classification refers to a series of activities that classify, store, put and treat garbage according to certain regulations or standards, so as to turn it into public resources. The purpose of classification is to improve the resource value and economic value of garbage and make the best use of it.
restorable
It mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal, cloth and so on.
Garbage classification sign
Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, various wrapping papers, etc. However, it should be noted that paper towels and toilet paper are too water-soluble to be recycled.
Plastics: all kinds of plastic bags, plastic foams, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, hard plastics, plastic toothbrushes, plastic cups, mineral water bottles, etc.
Glass: mainly includes all kinds of glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, thermos bottles and so on.
Metal objects: mainly including cans, cans, etc.
Cloth: mainly includes discarded clothes, tablecloths, towels, schoolbags, shoes, etc.
These wastes can be recycled through comprehensive treatment, reducing pollution and saving resources. If every 1 ton of waste paper is recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, 300 kilograms of wood can be saved, and pollution is reduced by 74% compared with the same output; Every 1 ton plastic beverage bottle can recover 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; Every recovered 1 ton of scrap steel can produce 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% cost compared with ore smelting, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97%.
Irretrievable
kitchen waste
Include food waste such as leftovers, bones, roots, leaves and peels.
Garbage classification catalogue
After in-situ treatment of compost by biotechnology, 0.6-0.7 tons of organic fertilizer can be produced per ton.
Other wastes
Including brick and tile ceramics, muck, toilet waste paper, paper towels and other difficult-to-recycle wastes, shells, dust, etc. except the above-mentioned kinds of garbage. Sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
In fact, great bones are classified as "other rubbish" because they are "hard to corrode". Corn kernels, nut shells, fruit kernels and chicken bones are all kitchen waste.
toilet paper
Toilet paper and toilet paper are soluble in water and are not recyclable "paper". Similarly, there are pottery and cigarette cases.
Bagging of kitchen waste
Commonly used plastic bags, even though degradable, are far more difficult to corrode than kitchen waste. In addition, plastic bags themselves are recyclable garbage. The correct way is to dump the kitchen waste into the trash can and throw the plastic bag into the "recyclable garbage" bucket.
Nut shell
In garbage classification, the logo of "fruit shell and melon skin" is peanut shell, which really belongs to kitchen garbage. Waste cooking oil left at home is also classified as "kitchen garbage".
dust
In garbage classification, dust belongs to "other garbage" and litter belongs to "kitchen garbage", including flowers that have failed at home.
Toxic and hazardous waste
Waste containing heavy metals, toxic substances harmful to human health or actual or potential harm to the environment. Including batteries, fluorescent tubes, light bulbs, mercury thermometers, paint buckets, some household appliances, expired drugs, expired cosmetics and so on. These wastes are usually recycled or landfilled separately.
waste sorting
Workshop garbage is special, and the fourth one should write household garbage, such as personal discarded facial tissues, cigarette butts and smokeless workshops, hehe!
The classification methods of domestic waste can be divided into four categories and three categories, which need to be combined with local specific conditions.
Such as recyclable, non-recyclable and dangerous goods. It's hard to tell the difference.
Some details should be subdivided: materials (recyclable, such as plastic, glass, metal, etc. ), kitchen waste (recyclable, landfill or compost), non-recyclable (muck, etc.). ), dangerous goods (batteries, medicines, etc. ) and so on.
The four classifications should be more reasonable and adopted.
For the sake of environment and survival, garbage should be classified as soon as possible, starting from the source. The level of garbage disposal is also the embodiment of a country's development level.
In the family, it is necessary to reduce the generation of garbage as much as possible, and carry out scientific and reasonable classification, classified transportation and classified treatment when discarding, so as to finally realize the comprehensive utilization of garbage and realize the reduction and harmless treatment.
All this should be mobilized by the whole people, and publicity and education should start from primary schools.
Otherwise, we will be eaten by garbage sooner or later!