Commonly used accounting account names

Commonly used accounting charts and explanations

Assets

Cash on hand: is accounting for the enterprise cash (reserve) increase or decrease in changes and balances of the account; set up by currency ledger, by the cashier to keep the books, and must be set up in cash on hand journal.

such as: withdrawing cash from the bank 500 yuan

Bank deposits: accounting for changes in the enterprise bank deposit accounts and balances of accounts; set up by different bank accounts ledger, by the cashier, and must set up a bank deposit journal.

Such as: 500 yuan cash deposited in the bank

Accounts receivable: is to account for the sale of goods and services to provide uncollected receivables, according to the name of the debtor to set up detailed accounts.

Such as: the recovery of the former payment of 10000 yuan owed by enterprise A

Accounts in advance: is to account for the purchase of goods or acceptance of services and other reasons, according to contractual prepayments, according to the name of the supplier or the type of prepayment of expenses to set up the detailed accounts.

For example: Company A prepaid 1000 yuan to Company B

Note receivable: is to account for the enterprise due to the sale of goods, the provision of labor services, commercial bills of exchange charged to customers (including commercial acceptances, bank acceptances); set up detailed accounts in accordance with the general category of notes.

Other receivables: is accounting for enterprises in addition to notes receivable, accounts receivable other receivables, provisional payments, including: travel advances, payment deposits and rent receivable.

eg: the enterprise with bank deposits for employees on behalf of the rent fee of 300 yuan

Bad debt provision: is an allowance account for accounts receivable, the enterprise may not be able to collect the accounts

eg: an enterprise accounts receivable 100, the bad debt loss rate of 5%

Materials in transit: accounting for the enterprise purchased materials and substances, but has not yet been transported to the enterprise or acceptance of the goods into the warehouse, according to the name of the materials and substances, Type of set up a detailed account.

eg: an enterprise using the actual cost method, the purchase of a batch of materials, the price of 1000 yuan, taxes 170. materials have not yet been warehoused

Raw materials: is to account for the inventory of materials and materials in stock, receipt, issuance, inventory account, according to the name of the materials and materials, set up a detailed account of the type.

Such as: the purchase of materials 1000 yuan has been warehoused

Inventory of goods: is accounting for the enterprise inventory of finished goods or commodities receipt, issuance, inventory account, according to the product or commodity varieties, specifications set up a detailed account.

eg: the product production is completed, acceptance into the warehouse, carry forward cost of 5000 yuan

Provision for decline in inventory: is to account for the enterprise to withdraw the provision for decline in inventory (destruction, obsolescence)

eg: the enterprise to withdraw the provision for decline in inventory

Held-to-maturity investment: accounting for the value of the enterprise held-to-maturity investment. This account belongs to the asset class accounts, should be held to maturity in accordance with the type and variety of investment, respectively, "cost", "interest adjustment", "accrued interest" and other detailed accounting

Long-term equity investments: accounting for the value of the enterprise held to maturity investments. p>

Long-term equity investments: is to account for the enterprise's external investment in equity nature, the period of more than one year.

Such as: the purchase of 10,000 shares of stock issued by Company A, held for a long time

Long-term receivables: the enterprise sales of goods, the provision of labor services have not yet recovered from customers (more than 1 year)

Such as: sales of commodities to Enterprise A, the payment for goods 3 years to recover

Fixed Assets: is the account of accounting for the increase or decrease of fixed assets of the enterprise and the change of the situation. The account reflects the original price, that is, the original value.

Such as: Company A purchased 5,000 yuan of production equipment

Accumulated depreciation: is accounting for the wear and tear (consumption) value of fixed assets (accounting called depreciation) is an allowance account for fixed assets.

(Fixed Assets - Accumulated Depreciation = Net Fixed Assets)

such as: plant original value of 2 million yuan, the estimated useful life of 20 years, the residual value rate of 5%, depreciation

Construction in progress: is to account for the process of building or installing their own construction of fixed assets construction and installation costs account.

Such as: the enterprise itself to build a warehouse, the use of materials 10000 yuan

Project materials: is accounting for the enterprise purchased for the construction of engineering projects or large-scale equipment according to the installation of the special project materials account.

such as: enterprise a self-built factory building, purchased for the project to prepare for a variety of materials 600 yuan

Fixed Assets Clearance: is to account for enterprises due to the sale, scrap and destruction of fixed assets and other reasons, and the occurrence of liquidation costs or liquidation proceeds.

Such as: liquidation of assets, the sale of an old 495 machine, the original value of 1200 yuan, the sale price of 900 yuan received in cash

Intangible assets: is to account for the enterprise's patented technology, land use rights, trademark rights, goodwill and other non-monetary assets.

such as: a company purchased patented technology, valued at 90,000 yuan

Accumulated amortization: is an allowance account for intangible assets, is accounting for the amortization of intangible assets

such as: amortization of land use rights 10,000 yuan

Long-term amortized expenses: accounting for the enterprise has been expended, but amortization of the period of more than one year of the various costs

such as: the enterprise in the planning period Start-up costs incurred 28,000 yuan

To be dealt with property gains and losses: inventory of property identified in the process of inventory of all kinds of property and materials surpluses, deficits and losses

such as: the surplus of a 5 new machinery and equipment, the market price of similar products of the equipment for 120,000 yuan

Two, liabilities

Short-term borrowing: accounting for the enterprise to the bank or other financial institutions borrowing Repayment period within one year of the various loans, the account only accounting for the principal does not account for interest.

Such as: borrowed from the Industrial and Commercial Bank of 100,000 yuan

Accounts payable: Accounting for the purchase of goods, acceptance of labor and payable unpaid amounts. According to the name of the creditor, the name of the set of detailed accounts.

eg: purchase of materials 600,000 yuan, the money is owed

Accounts Received in Advance: is to account for the enterprise sales of goods, products or the provision of services, according to the contractual agreement to the purchaser of the money received in advance. Set up line items by the name of the purchaser.

For example: the enterprise a business deposit of 50,000 yuan, next month's shipment

Employee Compensation Payable: is to account for the enterprise paid to the individual employee belongs to the payroll within a variety of wages, allowances, and for the employee to pay for the cost of pensions and other benefits. Subdivided into a number of sub-accounts.

Such as: this month's wages of 200,000 yuan

Taxes payable: is accounting for the enterprise and the tax department, payable between the various taxes not paid. According to the tax sub-ledger, such as payable value-added tax, payable business tax, payable personal all tax, payable enterprise income tax.

e.g.: 10000 yuan of purchased materials, value-added tax 1700 yuan

Dividends payable: is accounting for cash dividends payable to shareholders account.

Such as: the distribution of dividends to investors 100,000 yuan

Interest payable: is the account of accounting for interest payable.

such as: the principal amount of 1 million yuan of borrowed money is due to be returned at once; interest in months

Other payables: is the accounting for enterprises in the commodity trading business other than the occurrence of payable and provisional receivables

such as: the enterprise is payable to the compensation of an employee of 1,800 yuan

Long-term borrowing: the enterprise to the bank or other financial institutions to borrow more than one year of the term of the loan

such as: borrowed from the Everbright Bank of the repayment period of 3,000 yuan of the repayment period of 3,000 yuan of the loan. Everbright Bank borrowing repayment period of 3 years

Bonds payable: the actual bonds issued by the enterprise in order to raise long-term funds

such as: an enterprise issued bonds, the period of 3 years

Long-term accounts payable: enterprises in addition to long-term borrowing and bonds payable other than a variety of long-term accounts payable

such as: the purchase of production equipment 1 million yuan, payable in three years

Three Owners' equity

Paid-in capital: is accounting for the shareholders of the enterprise's capital account, in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, the capital invested can be monetary, in-kind and intangible assets, etc., the enterprise shall not be arbitrarily increased or decreased, such as the need to increase or decrease, subject to the approval of the industrial and commercial sector.

Such as: investor A invested capital of 1 million yuan

Capital surplus: accounting for enterprises due to capital, including capital premiums, discounts, capital exchange differences, etc., this account can be transferred to the capital.

Such as: investor A invested capital over the enterprise registered capital of 100,000 yuan

Surplus reserve: accounting for enterprises in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, with net profit extracted to be set aside for the future development of the enterprise fund.

Such as: the realization of after-tax profit of 100,000 yuan, 10% of the statutory surplus reserve

Profit for the year: is to account for the enterprise's net profit or net loss realized in the current year (the end of the year to the profit distribution).

For example: carry forward all gains and losses to the current year's profit of 100,000 yuan

Profit Distribution: is to account for the distribution of the cumulative net profit of the enterprise and the remaining undistributed profits account.

Such as: the current year's profit will be transferred to the profit distribution

Four, cost class

Production Costs: is to account for the production process of the enterprise's process costing account, production costs, including direct materials, direct labor and indirect manufacturing costs. According to the "basic production costs", "auxiliary production costs" set the second level of detailed accounts.

Such as: production workshop materials used 10000 yuan

Manufacturing costs: is accounting for the production workshop, can not be directly attributed to the occurrence of a product object of indirect manufacturing costs, is the product cost of indirect manufacturing costs, the end of the month the balance of the account is zero (transferred to the cost of production).

such as: workshop utilities occurred 3000 yuan

Labor Costs: accounting for the cost of providing labor operations occurring

such as: in March to provide foreign labor, the cost of 7000 yuan

R&D expenditures: research and development of intangible assets in the process of the expenditures

such as: the enterprise's own R & D expenditures incurred in the development of intangible assets

V. Profit and Loss (its account characteristics: no balance at the end of the period, the end of all transferred to the current year's profit)

Main Business Income: accounting for the main business of the enterprise and the income generated, the income accounted for the largest proportion of the total income of the enterprise.

Such as: the sale of goods, the price of 1 million yuan

Cost of main business: due to the increase in the cost of goods sold as a result of the increase in the main business income, and the main business income is a directly proportional to the subject. The account comes from the cost of production.

For example: carry forward the cost of goods sold 20000 yuan

Other business income: is to account for the income generated by other businesses. For example: the sale of raw materials for industrial enterprises, external leasing and transfer of intangible assets, such as the right to use the income obtained.

Such as: the sale of materials 3000 yuan

Other business costs: is to account for the enterprise due to other business income generated by the cost of goods sold, expenses and taxes, etc., and other business income is a direct matching account.

For example: carry forward the cost of goods sold 20000 yuan

Non-operating income: is to account for the non-routine activities of the enterprise generated by the production and operation of the profits not directly related to each. Including: the disposal of non-current assets profits, gifts and profits and inventory gains.

Such as: received liquidated damages of 2000 yuan.

Non-operating expenditures: is to account for non-routine activities of the enterprise and the production and operation of various losses are not directly related. Including donation expenditure, extraordinary loss, fine expenditure, loss on disposal of non-current assets

eg : payment of late payment of 200 yuan

Investment income: the enterprise in a certain accounting period of return on foreign investment

eg : purchase of treasury bonds 1,000 yuan, 1 year after the receipt of 50 yuan interest

Operating Taxes and Surcharges: is to account for the enterprise arising from the main business Various taxes, including business tax, consumption tax, urban maintenance and construction tax and education surcharges and other expense-type tax accounts. (Excluding VAT)

e.g. Consumption tax and business tax 2000 yuan.

Selling expenses: is to account for all costs incurred by the enterprise for sales or in the sales process or a single sales organization or after-sales service outlets. Including transportation costs, packaging costs, advertising costs, exhibition costs and dedicated sales agency sales staff wages, etc.

eg: advertising costs

Administrative expenses: is to account for the enterprise's administrative agencies to organize the production and operation of all kinds of expenses incurred. Including: board of directors fees, company funds, etc.

such as: salaries, utilities

Financial expenses: is to account for the enterprise to raise the funds needed for production and operation of the borrowing costs incurred with banks or financial institutions. Including interest expenses and fees.

Such as: handling fees, interest

Asset impairment losses: accounting for losses arising from the decline in the value or impairment of enterprise assets, including bad debt losses, inventory losses and fixed asset impairment losses and so on.

Income tax expense: is the account of corporate income tax expense.