Before the development of emergency plans should be the first enterprise production status quo for hazard identification and risk assessment. Hazardous factors are: factors that can cause injury or death to people and cause damage to things. Harmful factors are: factors that can affect human health, cause disease or cause damage to things. Usually there is no strict distinction between the two. Hazardous and harmful factors identification, is the enterprise preparation of emergency rescue plan premise and foundation. Through the identification to confirm the existence of hazards and their characteristics, to find out the materials, systems, processes and characteristics of the consequences of the accident, to assess the possible consequences of the accident.
I. Classification of Hazardous and Dangerous Factors
(a) According to the cause of the accident is divided into six categories:
1. Physical Hazardous Factors (Equipment Defects, Electrical Hazards, Noise, Vibration, Electromagnetic Radiation, Open Flame, High Temperature, Parabola, Dust, Operating Environment, etc.)
2. Chemical Hazardous Factors (Flammable and Explosive Substances, Spontaneous Combustion, Toxicity, and Corrosive Substances)
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3, biological hazards: (disease-causing microorganisms, pest-proof animals, pest-causing plants, infectious diseases)
4, physiological, psychological hazards (psychological abnormalities, health abnormalities, load overload, functional deficiencies, prohibited foreign operations)
5, behavioral hazards (command, operation, supervision errors)
6, other dangerous and harmful factors.
(2) according to cause accidents induced, the causative agent, injury mode classification:
1, object strikes 2, vehicle injuries, 3, mechanical injuries, 4, lifting injuries, 5, electrocution, 6, drowning, 7, burns, 8, fires, 9, fall from height 10, collapse 11, roofing, 12, water penetration, 13, blasting, 14, explosions (boiler, gas, containers, hazardous chemicals) 15, poisoning 16, other.
Two, risk assessment
(a) the basic situation of the enterprise
plant site, geology, topography, meteorological conditions, the surrounding environment, the general layout of the building, the functional distinction, roads, hazardous and harmful substances facilities, power equipment distribution;
production process, high temperature, high pressure, corrosion, vibration and other key parts of control, operation, maintenance and Failure, error in the abnormal situation; electrical equipment, equipment for work at height, special single equipment, pressure vessels;
Operating environment, toxins, noise, vibration, high temperature, low temperature, radiation, dust, and other harmful factors and operating parts of the situation;
Enterprise safety management organization, production safety management system, safe operating procedures, training of special operators, and routine safety management situation.
(B) analysis of the consequences of the proliferation of hazardous chemical leakage
1, to understand the main leakage equipment and leakage. 2, to analyze the causes of leakage. Such as: design reasons, equipment reasons, management reasons, human error; 3, analyze the consequences of pre-production. Combustible gas leaks, toxic gas leaks, liquid leaks, the spread and scope of the leak.
(C) the consequences of fire hazardous chemicals
1, burning property, building damage 2, explosion 3, death, injury 4, gas poisoning
Three, vulnerability analysis
Vulnerability analysis is to determine, once a hazardous accident occurs, the enterprise which can be damaged
(A) by the accident disaster seriously affected by the processes and equipment and (ii) Significant sources of hazard.
(ii) The number and type of people expected to be located in the vulnerable zone. Mainly residential areas, schools, hospitals, office buildings, shopping malls, etc.
(iii) Potential damage to property. Mainly infrastructure, substations, buildings.
(iv) Possible environmental impact. Geographic conditions where the business is located, meteorological conditions, surrounding environment, etc.
Four, emergency resources analysis and emergency response capacity assessment
Emergency resources mainly refer to: the city's emergency rescue forces, such as public security, troops, firefighters, medical rescue, labor, environmental protection, safety supervision, rescue experts, water, electricity, gas, heat management and communications, vehicle equipment and facilities and enterprises should be equipped with the necessary equipment and materials and personal protective equipment, monitoring, testing equipment,. Emergency power equipment, heavy lifting equipment.
Emergency response capacity assessment, mainly used to assess the readiness of resources and the ability to engage in emergency response activities, to ensure the effectiveness of emergency rescue, improve the level of corporate emergency response. Enterprise emergency response assessment can be combined with emergency resource readiness.
Fifth, the preparation of emergency plans
Preparation of emergency plans must take into account the current situation and needs of the enterprise, the results of the accident risk analysis, a large number of collection and reference to the existing emergency information, in order to minimize the work of the link. A complete emergency plan should include the following six elements:
(a) guidelines and principles
No matter what level or type of emergency rescue system, first of all, there must be a clear guidelines and principles, as a program to carry out emergency work. Guidelines and principles reflect the priority direction of emergency rescue work, policy, scope and overall objectives, emergency planning and preparation, emergency strategy development and on-site emergency rescue and recovery, should be carried out around the guidelines and principles.
Emergency rescue work is in the premise of prevention, the implementation of unified command, hierarchical responsibility for the region-based, unit self-help and social rescue combined with the principle. Emergency rescue is also an important part of the prevention of accidents, take the initiative to implement the rescue work of the preparatory measures to do a good job in advance of preparedness, once the accident can be implemented in a timely manner to remedy, minimize casualties and property damage.
(ii) emergency planning
The most important feature of the emergency plan is targeted and operable. Therefore, emergency planning must be clear about the object of the plan and the available emergency resources, profound analysis and evaluation of the potential types of accidents and their nature, region, distribution, the consequences of the accident. Based on the results of the analysis and evaluation, the strength and resources for emergency rescue in the enterprise should be assessed, and constructive advice should be provided for emergency preparedness. When emergency planning, relevant national and local laws and regulations should also be listed as the basis for making the plan. Therefore, emergency planning includes three elements: hazard analysis, emergency response capability, assessment and laws and regulations.
(C) emergency preparedness
Emergency preparedness is the result of emergency planning, to specify the required emergency response organizations and their responsibilities and authorities, emergency team building and personnel training, emergency supplies, emergency drills, public emergency knowledge training and signing of the necessary mutual aid agreements.
(D) emergency response
The embodiment of the enterprise's emergency response capability is the core functions and tasks in the emergency rescue process. These core functions have a certain degree of independence, relevance, constitute the whole of the emergency response, *** with the purpose of completing the emergency rescue. The core and tasks of emergency response include: receiving and notification, command and control, alarms and emergency announcements, communications, state of affairs monitoring and assessment, alert and policing, crowd evacuation and resettlement, medical and health, public **** relations, emergency personnel safety, firefighting and emergency response, leakage control and so on.
(V) Emergency Site Recovery
Site recovery is the handling of the later stages of the accident, including a series of issues such as pollution treatment of spills, relief of the injured, insurance claims, compensation for the dead, and resumption of production procedures.
(F) Management of the plan and review and improvement
After the accident or after the pollution, the unsuitable parts of the plan will be constantly revised and improved to adapt to the needs of the enterprise's emergency work.
In short, the preparation of the emergency plan, should set up the preparation team, the enterprise process, equipment, workplace environment, hazardous chemicals, protective products, medical conditions, fire and security and other aspects of hazard identification and risk assessment, give full consideration to a variety of emergency rescue manpower, material and financial resources and social emergency response capacity, to determine the guidelines and objectives and the preparation of the plan, to define the responsibilities of the work, the work of tasks, and continuously improve and improve the emergency plan, to ensure the safety of the enterprise. In order to improve the timeliness, adaptability and practicability of the emergency plan, we are constantly improving the emergency plan.
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