pc machine, also known as a personal computer (Personal Computer), belongs to the microcomputer. Microcomputers are characterized by their small size, flexibility, cheapness, and ease of use.
Microcomputer referred to as "microcomputer", "microcomputer", because it has some of the functions of the human brain, so also called "microcomputer". Microcomputer is composed of large-scale integrated circuits, smaller electronic computers. It is based on a microprocessor, with internal memory and input/output (I/0) interface circuits and the corresponding auxiliary circuits and the composition of the bare metal.
The microcomputer system exists at three levels from global to local: the microcomputer system, the microcomputer, and the microprocessor (CPU). Simple microprocessor and simple microcomputer can not work independently, only the microcomputer system is a complete information processing system, only with practical significance.
A complete microcomputer system includes two major parts: the hardware system and the software system. Hardware system consists of operators, controllers, memory (including memory, external memory and cache), a variety of input and output devices, using the "command-driven" mode of operation.
The software system can be divided into system software and application software. System software refers to the management, monitoring and maintenance of computer resources (including hardware and software) software. It mainly includes: operating system, a variety of language processing programs, database management systems and a variety of tools. The operating system is the core of the system software, the user only through the operating system to complete a variety of computer operations. Application software is prepared for some application purposes and computer programs, such as word processing software, graphic image processing software, network communication software, financial management software, CAD software, various packages.
Classification of microcomputers:
Workstation
Workstation is a high-end general-purpose microcomputer, based on personal computers and distributed network computing, mainly for professional applications, with a strong data computing and graphics, image processing capabilities, to meet the needs of engineering, animation, scientific research, software development, financial management, information simulation and other professional fields. It is a high-performance computer designed and developed to meet the needs of engineering design, animation production, scientific research, software development, financial management, information management, information services, simulation and other professional fields. It belongs to a high-grade computer, generally has a larger screen display and high-capacity memory and hard disk, but also has a strong information processing and high-performance graphics, image processing and networking
Server
Server refers to certain high-performance computers, can provide services through the network. Relative to ordinary computers, stability, security, performance and other aspects of the requirements are higher, so the CPU, chipset, memory, disk system, network and other hardware and ordinary computers are different. The server is the node of the network, storing and processing 80% of the data and information on the network, playing a pivotal role in the network. Server is for the client computer to provide a variety of services, high-performance computer, its high performance is mainly expressed in the high speed computing power, long time reliable operation, strong external data throughput capacity and so on. The composition of the server is similar to an ordinary computer, also has a processor, hard disk, memory, system bus, etc., but because it is specially customized for specific network applications, and thus the server and the microcomputer in the processing power, stability, reliability, security, scalability, manageability and other aspects of the big difference. Servers are mainly network servers (DNS, DHCP), print servers, terminal servers, disk servers, mail servers, file servers and so on.
Industrial control computer
Industrial control computer is a bus structure, the production process and its electromechanical equipment, process equipment for detection and control of computer systems in general, referred to as the control machine. It consists of computer and process input / output (I / O) two major components. The computer consists of a host computer, input/output devices and external disk drives, tape drives and so on. In the computer outside and increase part of the process input / output channel, used to send the detection data of the industrial production process into the computer for processing; on the other hand, the computer to exercise the control of the production process commands, information converted into industrial control object control variable signals, and then sent to the controller of the industrial control object. By the controller to exercise control over the operation of production equipment.
Personal computer
① Desktop: Desktop is a very widely used microcomputer, also known as desktop machine, is an independent separation of the computer, the volume is relatively large, the host, the monitor and other equipment are generally relatively independent, need to be placed on the computer desk or a special workstation, so named desktop. Desktop chassis space, good ventilation, with good heat dissipation; independent chassis is convenient for users to upgrade hardware, such as optical drives, hard drives; desktop chassis on/off button, restart button, USB, audio interfaces are in the front panel of the chassis, which is convenient for users to use.
② All-in-One PC: An All-in-One PC is a computer that consists of a monitor, a keyboard and a mouse. Its chip, motherboard and monitor integrated together, the monitor is a computer, so as long as the keyboard and mouse connected to the monitor, the machine can be used. With the development of wireless technology, computer all-in-one keyboard, mouse and monitor can be wireless connection, the machine has only one power cord, to a large extent, to solve the problem has been criticized by the desktop computer cable more and more mixed.
③ Laptop computer: laptop computer is a small, portable personal computer, usually 1-3 kg in quality. it is similar to the desktop architecture, but it has a better portability. Laptop computers offer a TouchPad or Pointing Stick in addition to a keyboard, providing better positioning and input.
④ Pocket PC (PDA): PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), is the meaning of personal digital assistant. As the name suggests, it is a digital tool to assist individuals in their work, mainly providing functions such as note-taking, address book, business card exchange and itinerary arrangement. It can help people work, study, and entertain themselves on the move. According to the use of classification, divided into industrial PDA and consumer PDA. industrial PDA is mainly used in the industrial field, common barcode scanner, RFID reader, POS machine, etc.; consumer PDA includes more, such as smart phones, handheld game consoles, and so on.
⑤ Tablet PCs: Tablet PCs, also known as Tablet Personal Computers (Tablet Pc, Flat Pc, Tablet, Slates for short), are small, portable personal computers with a touch screen as the basic input device. It has a touchscreen (also known as digital pad technology) that allows users to work with a stylus or digital pen instead of a traditional keyboard or mouse. Users can input via built-in handwriting recognition, an on-screen soft keyboard, voice recognition, or a real keyboard (if the model is equipped with one).
Embedded computers
Embedded computers, i.e., embedded systems, are application-centric, microprocessor-based, hardware and software tailorable, adapting to the application of the system on the functionality, reliability, cost, size, power consumption, and other comprehensive and stringent requirements of a dedicated computer system. It generally consists of embedded microprocessors, peripheral hardware devices, embedded operating systems and user applications in four parts. It is the fastest growing area in the computer market, and also a wide variety of computer systems with many different forms. Embedded systems include almost all electrical devices in life, such as calculators, TV set-top boxes, cell phones, digital TVs, multimedia players, automobiles, microwave ovens, digital cameras, home automation systems, elevators, air conditioners, security systems, vending machines, consumer electronic devices, industrial automation instruments and medical instruments, etc.