Acrylic acid (PMMA)
Material characteristics: PMMA, commonly known as plexiglass, also known as acrylic or acrylic, is an important thermoplastic developed earlier in Hong Kong, with good transparency, chemical stability and weather resistance, easy dyeing, easy processing and beautiful appearance. Plexiglass products can usually be divided into pouring plate, extrusion plate and molding compound.
Typical uses: production of optical lenses, household appliances, tableware, daily necessities, instrument dials and transparent covers.
Transparent acrylic board is as transparent as glass, but its density is only half that of glass. In addition, it is not as fragile as glass, and even if it is destroyed, it will not form sharp fragments like glass. The wear resistance of acrylic plate is close to that of aluminum, and it is resistant to corrosion from time to time by various chemicals. Acrylic board has good printability and spraying property, and the screen printing and spraying technology can give acrylic products (acrylic products) an ideal surface decoration effect.
Rubber (TPE)
Material characteristics: elastic, easy to color, with a variety of hardness to choose from, capable of extrusion molding, injection molding and blow molding, reinforced with glass fiber, capable of maintaining its characteristics at low temperature, capable of printing and recycling, good tear resistance and wear resistance, good sunlight and seawater resistance, good oil resistance and chemical resistance.
Typical uses: food packaging, electronic products, soft drink bottles, shoes.
Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). TPE not only has the functions and properties of traditional heat recovery rubber (softness, elasticity and good touch), but also has the dual advantages of simple, fast and recyclable processing of general thermoplastics. TPE is a kind of thermoplastic with rubberizing function and performance, so some people call it thermoplastic rubber for short.
Advantages of TPR and TPE
1. can be processed by general thermoplastic molding machine without special processing equipment.
2. The production efficiency is greatly improved. It can be vulcanized directly by rubber injection molding machine, and the time is shortened from about 20min minutes to less than 1 minute; Because the required vulcanization time is very short, it can be vulcanized directly by extruder, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
3. It is easy to recycle and reduce the cost. Wastes (burrs, rubber extrusion) and final wastes generated in the production process can be directly returned for reuse; Used TPE products can be recycled after simple regeneration, which reduces environmental pollution and expands the source of renewable resources.
4. Save energy. Most thermoplastic elastomers do not need vulcanization or the vulcanization time is very short, which can effectively save energy. Take the energy consumption of high-pressure hose production as an example: rubber is 188MJ/kg, and TPE is 144MJ/kg, which can save energy by more than 25%.
5. The application field is wider. Because TPE has the advantages of both rubber and plastic, it has opened up a new application field for rubber industry.
6. It can be used to strengthen and toughen plastics. The self-reinforcing property is great, the formula is simplified, the influence of the compounding agent on the polymer is less, and the quality and performance are easier to master.
polyvinyl chloride
Material characteristics: elastic, easy to color, with a variety of hardness to choose from, capable of extrusion molding, injection molding and blow molding, capable of maintaining its characteristics at low temperature, capable of printing and recycling, good tear resistance and wear resistance, good sunlight and seawater resistance, good oil resistance and chemical resistance.
Typical uses: water supply pipeline, household pipeline, commercial machine shell, electronic product packaging, medical equipment, food packaging.
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is one of the most widely used plastic materials. In practical use, stabilizers, lubricants, processing AIDS, pigments, impact agents and other additives are often added to PVC materials. PVC material is nonflammable, with high strength, good weather resistance and excellent geometric stability. PVC has poor fluidity and narrow processing range. In particular, PVC materials with large molecular weight are more difficult to process (this material usually needs to add lubricants to improve its flow characteristics), so PVC materials with small molecular weight are usually used.
polycarbonate
Material characteristics: the most outstanding impact resistance, high toughness, wide allowable temperature range (-100 ~ 130℃), high transparency (called "transparent metal"), non-toxic and convenient for processing and molding.
Typical uses: safety helmet, glasses, CD case, kitchen utensils, computer case, building glass window, mobile phone case.
Polycarbonate, English name polycarbonate' referred to as PC. PC is an amorphous, odorless, nontoxic and highly transparent colorless or yellowish thermoplastic engineering plastic with excellent physical and mechanical properties, especially excellent impact resistance, high tensile strength, bending strength and compressive strength. Small creep and stable size; It has good heat resistance and low temperature resistance, stable mechanical properties, dimensional stability, electrical properties and flame retardancy in a wide temperature range, and can be used for a long time at -60~ 120℃; It has no obvious melting point and is in a molten state at 220-230℃. Due to the high rigidity of molecular chain, the viscosity of resin melt is high; Small water absorption, small shrinkage, high dimensional accuracy, good dimensional stability and low film permeability; It is a self-extinguishing material; Stable to light, but not resistant to ultraviolet rays and good weather resistance; Oil-resistant, acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, oxidizing acids, amines and ketones, soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic solvents, and easy to cause hydrolysis and cracking in water for a long time. The disadvantages are poor fatigue strength, poor solvent resistance and poor wear resistance, which are easy to cause stress cracking. PC can be injection molded, extruded, molded, blow molded, thermoformed, printed, bonded, coated and machined, and the most important processing method is injection molding.
ABS engineering plastics
Material characteristics: It can maintain good compressive strength at low temperature, high hardness, high mechanical strength, good wear resistance, light specific gravity and high relative thermal index of 80c. It can also maintain good dimensional stability and flame retardancy at high temperature, with simple process, good gloss, easy coloring and lower cost compared with other thermoplastics.
Typical uses: electronic consumer goods, toys, environmental protection goods, automobile dashboard grille.
ABS is synthesized from acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene. Each monomer has different characteristics: acrylonitrile has high strength, thermal stability and chemical stability; Butadiene has toughness and impact resistance; Styrene has the advantages of easy processing, high smoothness and high strength. Morphologically, ABS is an amorphous material. The polymerization of monomers in the third polymerization produced a ternary polymer with two phases, one is the continuous phase of styrene-acrylonitrile and the other is the dispersed phase of polybutadiene rubber. The characteristics of ABS mainly depend on the ratio of the three monomers and the molecular structure in the two phases. In this way, there is great flexibility in product design, so that hundreds of ABS materials with different qualities can be produced in the market. These different quality materials provide different characteristics, such as moderate to high impact resistance, low to high finish and high temperature deformation. ABS material has super machinability, appearance characteristics, low creep, excellent dimensional stability and high impact strength.
polypropylene
Material characteristics: transparency and various colors "low density, strong heat resistance", good balance of hardness, fastness and strength "simple and flexible processing method", excellent chemical resistance.
Typical uses: furniture, packaging, lighting equipment, food packaging, table mats, folders, note boxes.
PP is a semi-crystalline material. It is harder and has a higher melting point than PE.
Because homopolymer PP is very brittle when the temperature is higher than 0C, many commercial PP materials are random polymers with ethylene content of 1 ~ 4% or pincer polymers with higher ethylene content. * * * Polymer-based PP material has low thermal deformation temperature (100C), low transparency, low gloss and low rigidity, but strong impact strength. The strength of polypropylene increases with the increase of ethylene content. Both homopolymer and polymer PP materials have excellent moisture absorption resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance and solubility resistance.
Introduction to metal materials
Stainless steel material characteristics:
Health care, anti-corrosion, fine surface treatment, high hardness and various processing technologies.
Forming, it is difficult to cold work.
Typical use:
Austenitic stainless steel is mainly used for household goods, industrial pipelines and building structures; martensite
Stainless steel is mainly used for manufacturing tools and turbine blades; Ferritic stainless steel has corrosion resistance and is mainly used for durability.
Component for washing machine and boilers; Composite stainless steel has stronger corrosion resistance, so it should be used frequently.
Used in aggressive environments.
2 chromium-high finish post-treatment
Material characteristics:
Very high finish, excellent corrosion resistance, hardness and durability, easy cleaning and low friction coefficient.
Typical use:
The most common form of chromium is used as an alloying element in stainless steel to improve its hardness.
Decorative chromium plating is a coating material for many automobile parts, including door handles and bumpers. In addition, chromium is also used in bicycle parts, bathroom faucets, furniture, kitchen utensils and tableware. Hard chromium plating is more used in industrial fields, including random access memory, jet engine parts, plastic molds and shock absorbers in job control block. Black chrome plating is mainly used for musical instrument decoration and solar energy utilization.
Aluminum-modern material
Material characteristics: flexible, easy to plastic, easy to alloy, high strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, easy to conduct electricity and heat, and recyclable. The output of aluminum products in the market has far exceeded the sum of other non-ferrous metal products.
Typical uses: vehicle skeleton, aircraft parts, kitchen utensils, packaging and furniture. Aluminum is often used to strengthen some large building structures, such as Cupid statue in Piccadilly Circus in London and the roof of Chrysler Automobile Building in new york.
3 magnesium alloy-ultra-thin aesthetic design
Material characteristics: light structure, high rigidity and impact resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity and electromagnetic shielding, good incombustibility, poor heat resistance and easy recycling.
Typical use:
Widely used in aerospace, automobile, electronics, mobile communication, metallurgy and other fields.
Titanium-light and strong
Material characteristics: very high strength-to-weight ratio.
Typical uses: golf clubs, tennis rackets, portable computers, cameras, suitcases, surgical implants, aircraft skeletons, chemical appliances and maritime equipment. In addition, titanium is also used as a white pigment for papermaking, painting and plastics.
4 copper-the partner of mankind
Copper plays a very important role in modern society: it is widely used in building structures, as a carrier of power transmission, and has been used as a raw material for making body decorations by people with different cultural backgrounds for thousands of years. It plays a key role in complex modern communication applications. This malleable orange-red metal has been accompanied by our development and progress.
Typical uses: wires, engine coils, printed circuits, roofing materials, pipeline materials, heating materials, jewelry, cookers. It is also one of the main alloy components for making bronze.
As the surface coating material of steel, Zn-Zn- is the third most widely used nonferrous metal after aluminum and copper. Zinc has a very high corrosion resistance, which makes it have another basic function, that is, as a surface coating material for steel. In addition, zinc is one of the alloy materials that form bronze. Zinc also has the characteristics of cleanliness, hygiene and corrosion resistance.
Typical use: components of electronic products. Zinc castings are very common in our daily life: door handles, faucets, electronic components and other subsurface materials. Zinc is also used in roofing materials, photo discs, cell phone antennas and shutter devices in cameras.
5 cast iron-good fluidity, easy to cast into various complex shapes.
Material characteristics: good fluidity, low cost, good wear resistance, low curing shrinkage, high brittleness, high compressive strength and good machinability.
Typical use:
Cast iron has been used for hundreds of years, involving buildings, bridges, engineering parts, homes, kitchen utensils and other fields.