Observation, touch examination
For example, early identification of skin cancer and melanoma through observation of the skin; anal touch examination through fingerprinting, thus early colorectal cancer observation.
Imaging (microscopy)
Breast Cancer: Mammography, Breast Imaging Screening Test, Breast MRI, etc.
Colorectal Cancer: Colonoscopy (not only for imaging, but also for collecting samples for biopsy and analysis), CT imaging, etc.
Lung Cancer: Low-dose Spiral CT
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Biochemical pathology examination
Biochemical detection methods are mainly used for screening through cancer markers or early cancer histopathology slides. For example, cervical cancer can be detected by cervical smear, liquid Pap test, etc., prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen test, and liver cancer by alpha-fetoprotein.
Genetic screening
Existing technology can extract DNA from blood cells/feces through some biochemical methods, and through specific sequencing methods, the specific gene sequences can be known. Using genetic screening, it is possible not only to analyze a wide range of cancer susceptibility genes, but also to type specific tumor marker genes for targeted therapies, such as immunotherapy PD-1.
Cancer screening is an important means of early detection and treatment of cancer, as well as an important way to improve the survival rate of cancer patients. However, there are also false positives in cancer screening, which can lead to over-treatment, and require comprehensive analysis and judgment by clinicians in conjunction with specific symptoms.
And due to the limitations of medical technology and equipment in China, the test results are not precise enough to diagnose early and tiny lesions.
When it comes to early cancer screening, Japan has advanced concepts and technologies. From the 1980s onwards, Japan has formulated a national policy to prevent cancer, and has accumulated a whole set of cancer prevention and fighting system. In addition to more timely detection of conventional diseases, their cancer screening physical examination is more important: more than 300 kinds of early and early stage cancers can be detected, so that 80% of cancers can be detected in a timely manner, and most of them can be cured by adopting appropriate treatment measures afterwards.