Chapter I Contents of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Methods and Processes1
Section I Water Quality and Hazards of Municipal Wastewater1
One Composition of Municipal Wastewater1
Two Water Quality of Municipal Wastewater1
Three Hazards of Pollutants in Municipal Wastewater3
Section II Methods of Municipal Wastewater Treatment4
One Physical Treatment Methods 4
II Chemical Treatment5
III Biological Treatment5
Section III Levels and Processes of Urban Sewage Treatment7
I Levels of Urban Sewage Treatment7
II Methods of Sludge Disposal8
III Processes of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants10
Chapter II Conditioning Tank Distribution Wells and Metering Facilities 11
Section 1: Regulating tanks11
Overview of design11
2 Calculation examples12
Example 2.1 Calculation of a regulating tank based on hourly flow curves12
Example 2.2 Calculation of a regulating tank based on cumulative flow curves14
Example 2.3 Design calculations of a regulating tank for a SBR tank14
Section 2.3 Design calculations of a regulating tank used for a SBR tank14
Section 2: Distribution wells and metering facilities14
Section 2: Distribution Wells16
One Design Overview16
Two Calculation Examples17
Example 2.4 Design Calculations for a Weir-type Distribution Well17
Section 3: Measurement Facilities17
One Design Overview17
(I) Types and Construction17
(II) General Provisions19
Second Calculation Example20
Example 2.5 Design Calculation of Barrel Metering Tank20
Example 2.6 Design Calculation of Metering Triangular Weir21
Chapter 3 Pre-treatment Facilities23
Section 1 Grizzly23
One Design Overview23
Second Calculation Example24
Example 3.1 Grizzly Design Calculation 24
Example 3.2 Calculation of Grate Remover Equipment Selection26
Section 2 Sand Sedimentation Tanks26
I Plain Flow Sand Sedimentation Tank26
(I) Design Overview26
(II) Calculation Examples26
Example 3.3 Design Calculation of Plain Flow Sand Sedimentation Tank26
II Vertical Flow Sand Sedimentation Tank28
(I) Design Overview28
(II) Calculation Example29
Example 3.4 Design Calculation of Vertical Flow Sedimentation Tank29
Three Aerated Sedimentation Tank30
(I) Design Overview30
(II) Calculation Example30
Example 3.5 Design Calculation of Aerated Sedimentation Tank30
4 Vortex sand sedimentation tank31
(I) Design overview31
(II) Calculation examples33
Example 3.6 Selection calculations for a vortex sand sedimentation tank33
Chapter 4: Primary sedimentation tank35
Section 1: Plain-flow primary sedimentation tank36
One: Design overview36
Second: Calculation examples 38
Example 4.1 Design calculations for an advective primary sedimentation tank38
Section 2: Vertical primary sedimentation tank40
One: Design overview40
Two: Calculation examples40
Example 4.2 Design calculations for a vertical primary sedimentation tank40
Section 3: Irradiating primary tank42
One: Design overview42
An overview of the design Overview42
II Calculation Examples44
Example 4.3 Design Calculations for a Radial Flow Primary Sedimentation Tank44
Section 4: Inclined Plate (Pipe) Primary Sedimentation Tank45
Overview of Design45
II Calculation Examples46
Example 4.4 Design Calculations for an Inclined Plate (Tube) Primary Sedimentation Tank46
Chapter 5: Enhanced Primary Treatment Facilities48
This chapter provides an overview of the design of a primary treatment facility, which is a new type of treatment plant. Enhanced primary treatment facilities48
Section I. Hydrolysis (acidification) process48
One Design Overview48
Two Calculation Examples49
Example 5.1 Design calculations for hydrolysis (acidification) tank49
Section II. Enhanced chemical flocculation process50
One Design Overview50
Two Calculation Examples51
Example 5.1 Design calculation of hydrolysis (acidification) tank50
Section II.
Example 5.2 Calculation of chemical flocculation enhancement facilities51
Chapter 6 Aerobic activated sludge treatment facilities53
Section 1 Conventional activated sludge method53
A Design overview53
Second Design example54
Example 6.1 Design of pusher aeration tanks according to sludge loading method54
Example 6.2 Design of push-flow aeration tank by sludge age method60
Example 6.3 Design of complete mixing aeration tank61
Example 6.4 Design calculation of stage aeration activated sludge process64
Example 6.5 Design calculation of adsorption regeneration activated sludge process67
Section II Nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal activated sludge process68
A A A1/O biological Denitrogenation Process69
(i) Process Characteristics69
(ii) Design Parameters and Equipment69
(iii) Calculation Example70
Example 6.6 Design Calculation of A1/O Biological Denitrogenation Process70
II A2/O Biological Phosphorus Removal Process76
(i) Process Characteristics76
(ii) Design parameters and equipment77
(iii) Calculation examples77
Example 6.7 Design calculations for the A2/O biological phosphorus removal process77
Three A2/O biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes79
(i) Process characteristics79
(ii) Design parameters and equipment80
(iii) Calculation examples80
<Example 6.8 Calculations for the design of the A2/O biological denitrification and phosphorus removal process80
IV Modified A2/O biological denitrification and phosphorus removal process83
(i) Process characteristics83
(ii) Design parameters and equipment83
(iii) Calculation examples83
Example 6.9 Design of the modified A2/O biological denitrification and phosphorus removal process
Calculations83
Section III Adsorption. Biodegradation Activated Sludge Process87
I Process Characteristics87
II Design Parameters and Equipment88
III Calculation Examples88
Example 6.10 Calculation of AB Process Design88
Section IV Oxidation Ditch92
I Overview92
II Technical Characteristics93
III Oxidation Ditch Types and basic forms of oxidation ditches93
IV Aubert oxidation ditch93
(I) Technical characteristics93
(II) Design parameters and equipment94
(III) Calculation examples95
Example 6.11 Calculation of process design for the Aubert oxidation ditch95
V Paceville oxidation ditch100
( (i) Process characteristics100
(ii) Main design parameters and equipment100
(iii) Calculation examples100
Example 6.12 Paswell oxidation ditch process design calculations100
VI Alternating-work oxidation ditch104
(i) Process characteristics104
(ii) Design parameters and equipment 104
(iii) Calculation examples 104
Example 6.13 Three-trench oxidation ditch process design calculations 104
VII Carrousel oxidation ditch 108
(a) Process characteristics 108
(b) Design parameters 109
(c) Calculation examples 109
Example 6.14 Carrousel oxidation ditch process design calculations 109
Example 6.14 Carrousel oxidation ditch process design calculations 108
(a) Design parameters and equipment 108
(c) Calculation examples 108
Examples Russell oxidation ditch process design calculations109
VIII Modified Carrousel oxidation ditch 112
(i) Process characteristics 112
(ii) Design parameters 113
(iii) Calculation examples 113
Example 6.15 Design calculations for the modified Carrousel oxidation ditch process 113
Section V Intermittent Activated sludge process117
I Design overview117
II Calculation examples118
Example 6.16 Design of the classical SBR process118
Example 6.17 Design calculations for the CASS process120
Section VI Applying activated sludge mathematical models to the design of a bioreactor122
I Activated sludge Mathematical Model (ASM1) Introduction123
II Role of Activated Sludge Models127
III Steps in Applying ASM1 to Design127
IV Calculation Examples128
Example 6.18 Design of Fully Mixed Aeration Tanks with ASM1 128
Example 6.19 Design of Staged Aeration Process with ASM1 Aeration Basin 134
Example 6.20 Calculation of Push-flow Aeration Basin 137
Example 6.21 Calculation of Adsorption Regeneration Process 139
Example 6.22 Calculation of A/O Nitrogen Removal Process 141
Section 7: Membrane Bioreactors 143
I Overview of the Design 143
Section 7: Membrane Bioreactors 143/p>
I Design Overview 143
I Calculations p>II Calculation Example 145
Example 6.23 Submerged MBR Design Calculations 145
Section VIII Composite Bioreactors 148
I Design Overview 148
II Calculation Example 149
Example 6.24 Composite Bioreactor Calculations 149
Chapter VII: Biofilm Processing Facilities 151
Section I. Biofilters151
I Types of Filters and Parameters151
II Ordinary Biofilters151
(I) General Provisions151
(II) Calculation Examples151
Example 7.1 Calculation of an Ordinary Biofilter by the Volumetric Loading Method151
Example 7.2 Calculation of an Ordinary Biofilter by the Kinetic formula method to calculate the ordinary biofilter 152
Three High-loaded biofilter153
(a) General provisions153
(b) Calculation examples153
Example 7.3 Calculation of a high-loaded biofilter by the area-loading method153
Example 7.4 Calculation of a high-loaded biofilter by the volumetric loading method154
IV Tower Biofilter155
(A) General Provisions155
(B) Calculation Examples155
Example 7.5 Calculation of Tower Biofilter155
V Oxygen Demand of Biofilter156
Example 7.6 Calculation of Oxygen Demand of Biofilter156
VI Biofilter Distribution System157
(I) General provisions157
(II) Calculation examples157
Example 7.7 Calculation of fixed nozzle water distributor157
Example 7.8 Calculation of rotary water distributor158
VII Biofiltration tank drainage and ventilation system160
VIII Biofiltration tank sludge volume160
Example 7.9 High-loaded Biofilter Sludge Volume Calculation 161
Section II BioTurntable 162
One Design Overview 162
Two Calculation Examples 163
Example 7.10 Calculation of a BioTurntable 163
Section III Biological Contact Oxidation 165
One Design Overview 165
Two Calculation Examples 166
Example 7.11 Calculation of a two-stage biological contact oxidation tank166
Example 7.12 Calculation of a contact settling tank (two-stage)168
Example 7.13 Calculation of a one-stage biological contact oxidation tank170
Section 4: Aerated biofilter171
I Design overview171
II Calculation examples172
Example 7.14 Calculation of DC-type aeration biofilter172
Example 7.15 Calculation of N-type aeration biofilter175
Example 7.16 Calculation of split-build DN-type aeration biofilter176
Example 7.17 Calculation of combined-build DN-type aeration biofilter178
Section V. Biofluidized bed179
One Design Overview179
Two Calculation Examples180
Example 7.18 Calculation of Aerobic Three-Phase Fluidized Bed Volume180
Chapter 8 Natural Purification Facilities181
Section 1 Stabilized Ponds181
One Types of Stabilized Ponds and Selection181
Two Aerobic Ponds182
( I) Design parameters182
(II) Calculation examples182
Example 8.1 Calculation of an ordinary aerobic pond by the area loading method182
Example 8.2 Calculation of an ordinary aerobic pond by the Oswald method183
Example 8.3 Calculation of an aerobic pond by the Wehner. Wiehelm's method (Wehner.Wiehelm) to calculate the ordinary aerobic pond184
Three Parthenocarpic Ponds185
(i) Design Parameters185
(ii) Calculation Examples186
Example 8.4 Calculation of Parthenocarpic Ponds by the Area Load Method186
Example 8.5 Calculation of Parthenocarpic Ponds by Curve Graphical Method187
IV Anaerobic Ponds188
(i) Design Parameters188
(ii) Calculation Example188
Example 8.6 Calculation of Anaerobic Ponds188
V Aeration Ponds190
(i) Design Parameters190
(ii) Calculation Example 190
Example 8.7 Equal Volume Tandem Aerobic Aeration Pond Calculations190
Example 8.8 Calculation of an Aerobically Aerated Pond Using Removal Rates191
VI Stabilized Pond Sludge Volume192
Example 8.9 Stabilized Pond Sludge Volume Calculations (1)192
Example 8.10 Stabilized Pond Sludge Volume Calculations (2)192
VII Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by Stabilized Ponds193
VIII Other related design calculations for stabilization ponds193
(i) Inlet and outlet design calculations193
Example 8.11 Stabilization Pond Inlet and Outlet Design Calculations193
(ii) Stabilization Pond Aspect Ratio Design195
(iii) Deflector Wall Design195
(iv) Stabilization Pond Combination Work and Treatment Efficiency196
p>Section II Land Treatment197
I Types and Parameters of Land Treatment197
(i) Applicable Conditions197
(ii) Design Parameters and Treatment Efficiency197
II Slow Leachate Systems198
(i) Design Conditions198
(ii) Calculated Examples198
Example 8.12 Calculation of a slow percolation system198
Three Rapid percolation systems201
(i) Design conditions201
(ii) Calculation example201
Example 8.13 Calculation of a rapid percolation system201
Four Surface diffuse flow systems202
(i) Suitability conditions and design parameters202<
(ii) Calculation examples203
Example 8.14 Calculation of surface diffuse flow system203
V Wetland treatment system204
(i) Design conditions204
(ii) Calculation examples204
Example 8.15 Calculation of surface flow wetland treatment204
Example 8.16 Submerged wetland Treatment Calculations205
VI Land Treatment Inlet and Outlet Design206
(I) Land Treatment Inlet Design206
(II) Land Treatment Outlet Design208
Chapter 9: Secondary Sedimentation Tanks210
Section I: Characteristics and Design Points of Secondary Sedimentation Tanks210
I. The difference between secondary sedimentation tanks and primary Differences between secondary sedimentation tanks and primary sedimentation tanks210
II Selection of tank type210
III Key points of design211 Section 2: Advective secondary sedimentation tanks213
I Overview of the design213
II Calculation examples215
Example 9.1 Calculations of advective secondary sedimentation tanks according to the settling time and the horizontal flow rate215
Example 9.2 Calculations of inlet and outlet systems of advective sedimentation tanks215
Example 9.2 Calculations of the inlet and outlet systems of advective Sedimentation Tank Inlet and Outlet System Calculation216
Example 9.3 Calculation of Dual Sedimentation Tank Area Based on Sedimentation Tests217
Section III Radial Flow Secondary Sedimentation Tanks218
One Design Overview218
Second Calculation Example 220
Example 9.4 Design and Calculation of an Ordinary Radial Flow Dual Sedimentation Tank220
Example 9.5 Centerward Example 9.5 Design calculations for a centripetal radial flow secondary sedimentation tank223
Section 4: Inclined plate (tube) secondary sedimentation tank224
One: Design overview225
Two: Calculation examples225
Example 9.6 Design calculations for an inclined tube secondary sedimentation tank225
Chapter 10: Disinfection227
Section 1: Liquid chlorine disinfection 227
Section 1: Liquid chlorine disinfection227
One Design Overview227
Two Calculation Examples229
Example 10.1 Liquid Chlorine Disinfection Process Design Calculations229
Second Section Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection 230
One Design Overview230
Second Calculation Examples230
Example 10.2 Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection Design Calculations230
Section III Ozone Disinfection 231
One Design Overview 231
Two Calculation Examples 234
Example 10.3 Ozone Disinfection Process Calculation 234
Section IV Ultraviolet Disinfection 234
One Design Overview 234
Two Calculation Examples 236
Example 10.4 Ultraviolet Disinfection Process Calculations 236
Section 5 Contact Tanks 237
I Design Overview 237
II Calculation Example 238
Example 10.5 Calculations for the Contact Tank Process 238
CHAPTER 11 SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DEFORMATORIZATION FACILITIES 239
Section I. Objectives of Sludge Treatment and Process Flow 239
Section II Calculation of Sludge Yield 240
I Design Overview 240
II Calculation Examples 242
Example 11.1 Calculation of Sludge Water Content 242
Example 11.2 Calculation of Relative Density of Sludge 242
Example 11.3 Calculation of Volume of Digested Sludge 242
Section III Pipeline Conveyance of Sludge 243<
One Design Overview243
Two Calculation Examples245
Example 11.4 Calculation of Sludge Transportation Piping245
Section IV Sludge Thickening245
One Design Overview245
Two Calculation Examples248
Example 11.5 Design of Continuous Gravity Thickener by Experimental Method 248
Example 11.5 Design of Continuous Gravity Thickening Tank by Experimental Method 248
Example 11.6 Design of a Continuous Gravity Thickener by Sludge Solids Flux250
Example 11.7 Design Calculations for an Air Floatation Thickener251
Section 5 Anaerobic Digestion of Sludge252
I Design Overview253
II Calculation Examples255
Example 11.8 Calculation of Digester Volume255
Example 11.9 Calculation of heat balance for a medium-temperature sludge digestion system257
Example 11.10 Calculation of sludge gas circulation and mixing in a digester261
Example 11.11 Design of a biogas collection and storage system for a sludge digester262
Section 6: Aerobic digestion of sludge263
Overview of the design 263
(I) Basic principles and characteristics 263
(ii) Design points 264
II Calculation examples 265
Example 11.12 Sludge aerobic digester and calculation of gas demand 265
Section VII - Drying and dewatering of sludge 267
One Design overview 267
II Calculation examples 268
Example 11.13 Design calculation of sludge drying plant268
Example 11.14 Design calculation of sludge vacuum drum filter dewatering machine269
Example 11.15 Design calculation of sludge plate and frame filter press270
Example 11.16 Design calculation of sludge dewatering for rolled belt press271
Section VIII Drying and Incineration of Sludge272
One Design Overview272
Two Calculation Examples275
Example 11.17 Design Calculations for Sludge Drying and Incineration275
Section 9: Deodorization Facilities for Wastewater Treatment Plants277
One Design Overview277
Second Design Points279
Three Calculation Examples280
Example 11.18 feed pump room and coarse grating workshop deodorization calculation280
Example 11.19 primary sedimentation tank high-energy ion deodorization calculation280
Chapter XII municipal wastewater tertiary treatment process 282
Section I. Purpose of the tertiary treatment content and methods 282
A purpose of the tertiary treatment 282
2 tertiary treatment content 282
The content of tertiary treatment 282
2 The content of 282
Three methods of tertiary treatment 283
(I) process technology 283
(II) the role of the method 283
Section II High Density Sedimentation Tanks 284
A Structure and characteristics 284
(I) process structure 284
(II) technical characteristics 285
(iii) Performance characteristics286
II Key part design286
III Calculation examples287
Example 12.1 Design calculations for a high-density settling tank287
Section III Filtration facilities291
I V-type filtration tank291
(i) Design overview291
(ii) Calculation Example 293
Example 12.2 Design Calculations for a V-Type Filter Tank 293
II Fluidized Bed Filter Tank 297
(i) Design Overview 297
(ii) Calculation Example 299
Example 12.3 Design Calculations for a Fluidized Bed Filter Tank 299
III Surface Filtration Tanks 301
(i) Design Overview 301
(i) ) Design Overview301
(ii) Calculation Examples303
Example 12.4 Calculation of Rotary Table Filter Tank Selection303
Section IV Nitrogen Removal and Chemical Phosphorus Removal Facilities304
I Nitrogen Removal Facilities304
II Chemical Phosphorus Removal Facilities305
(i) Design Overview305
(ii) Calculation examples305
Example 12.5 Estimation of chemical phosphorus removal dosage305
Chapter 13: Calculation of vertical design of wastewater treatment plant307
Section 1: Purpose, significance, and requirements of vertical design307
A Purpose and significance307
Second: General requirements307
Section 2. Flow Calculation307
Example 13.1 Vertical Arrangement Flow of Wastewater Treatment Plant
Calculation307
Appendix 328
Appendix I Pollutant Emission Standards for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants (GB 18918-2002)328
Appendix II Comprehensive Wastewater Emission Standards ( GB 8978-1996) (excerpt)334
Appendix III Water Quality Standards for Sewage Discharge into Urban Sewers (GB 343-2010) (excerpt)341
Appendix IV Monthly Visible Radiation Values of Sea Level at Different Latitudes342
Appendix V National Main City Sunshine Hours and Sunshine Percentage343
Appendix VI Atmospheric Pressure at Different Altitudes345
Appendix VII Biological Reaction Stoichiometry Parameters and Kinetic Parameters Commonly Used in Municipal Wastewater Treatment345
Appendix VIII Thermal Indicators of Commonly Used Building Materials346
Appendix IX Oxygen Solubility (Saturation) in Distilled Water346
References 347