Rose originated in China and has a long history of cultivation. It is not only an excellent flowering shrub, but also an important perfume plant.
【 Morphological characteristics 】 Deciduous erect tufted shrub with gray-brown stems, dense bristles and barbs, pinnately compound leaves, 5-9 leaflets, oval to oval obovate, obtuse and round serrated, thick and wrinkled, bright green at the top, gray-green at the bottom, hairy or prickly, and sparse prickles and glandular hairs on petioles and leaf axes. Stipules are mostly connected with petioles and have fine serrations. Flowers solitary or 3-6 in clusters, 6-8 cm in diameter. Flowers are fragrant, densely hairy and prickly, petals are purple or white, single or double. Rose fruit is oblate and red, and the tablet lasts. The flowering period is from May to September, and the fruiting period is from September to June.
2, the common varieties are:
Purple rose, f.typica flower, rose purple. Red roses, roses, roses, red. White roses have white flowers. F.plena, a double purple rose, is a kind of rose-purple flower with double petals, rich fragrance and excellent quality, which is widely cultivated everywhere. Double white rose, white flower, double.
[Distribution] Originated in Liaoning, Shandong and other places, it has been cultivated and distributed all over the country, mainly in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong. Shandong Pingyin, Beijing Miao Feng Goujian, Henan Shangshui Zhoukou Town and Zhejiang Wuxing are all famous rose producing areas. It is cultivated in Korea, Japan, Europe and America.
[Habits] Chinese rose is a temperate tree species, which is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and has no strict requirements for soil. It can grow in slightly alkaline soil, and it is best to grow and bloom in neutral or slightly acidic light loam with rich humus and good drainage. It likes sunlight best, grows poorly in the shade, has few flowers, is intolerant of stagnant water, and its lower leaves will turn yellow when waterlogged, with strong germination and rapid growth.
3. Ecology and species of roses
Roses originated in the east, but now they may have spread all over the world, mainly in temperate regions. There are 250 native species including Rosa davurica, while there are thousands of mixed species and varieties. At present, there are more than 30 varieties known as "fragrant roses", but only three of them are the "parents" of other roses, which are planted in large areas because of their delicate fragrance. The first is the red rose (R.gallica), which is the easiest to breed. It is native to the Caucasus and is usually called "French Rose", "Provinse Rose" or "Anatolian Rose". The second kind of old rose is R.centifolia, which originated in Persia and is often called "Provence Rose" or "IsPachan Rose". It is the descendant of red rose and the parent of Mosu rose and Sichuan rose. The third kind of old rose is R.damascena, which is native to Syria and smells fragrant. It is the most commonly used rose for distilling essential oil and has the most medicinal value.
4. the origin of roses
Since ancient times, roses have been loved by people because of their charming fragrance, beautiful flowers and bright colors. They were introduced to Europe very early. In the Middle Ages, Europeans used its medicinal value and planted it in the gardens of monasteries. In the18th century, ancient rose varieties were the most precious. 18 16, the first perennial hybrid rose-Duroi rose appeared, and then a variety of new roses appeared. Since before the French Revolution, the French have been distilling roses until today. At that time, the main purpose was to extract the world-famous rose pure dew, but the essential oil was a by-product. 1987 The world output of rose essential oil was 15 ~ 20 tons. Bulgaria was the largest producer at that time, while the United States was the main importer. Other countries producing essential oils are Turkish, French, Moroccan, Indian and China. Damascus rose is planted in Bulgaria, and its essential oil is extracted by distillation. Berger's rose essential oil is also Bulgarian rose. Most of the oily parts are petals, but stamens also contain some oil, which can be added to petals for extraction. France, on the other hand, uses volatile solvents to extract the raw materials of Chiba rose. 1888, Damascus rose was planted in Miltitz near Leipzig. It has been planted in Anatolia, Turkey since 1894. Today, there are many wineries to visit all over Turkey. Solvent extraction of essential oil in Bulgaria began in 1904, and this extraction method has become very common since then. Damascus roses are planted in many places in the Balkans, with a height of 300-800 meters. Many experts claim that this "soaring" rose essential oil is better than the roses on the flat ground. 193 1 year, Russia began to grow roses, especially in Crimea and Transcaucasia. A variety called Novinka can even survive in the harsh environment of ultra-low temperature. In just four to six weeks, Morocco distilled 4,000 to 5,000 tons of Damascus roses. With modern distillation, they can extract 150 tons a day, some of which are extracted by distillation and the rest by solvent.
The Romans used a lot of roses and sprinkled them from the roof when entertaining guests; Give roses to your favorite god; And wear roses to prevent drunkenness. Super Tappin's garden is famous for growing all kinds of roses, and his gardener is loved by the whole city. Virgil once described that Cupid asked heckert to paint his body with rose essence. Greeks also like to use roses. Homer praises roses in (Eliot) and (Odyssey). The ancient Egyptians used roses in religious ceremonies. Roses can still be seen on the side of the mummy in the grave.
At present, there are more than 100 varieties of roses, including white roses, red roses, blue roses, pink roses, light pink roses, yellow roses, double-color roses and so on. In fact, most roses are new varieties developed by improving several common roses.
There are not many original species of roses, but after cross breeding, at least 1.5 million species have been officially registered. According to the size of roses, they can be divided into four categories: big wheel, middle wheel, small wheel and rattan wheel.
Big wheel seed
At present, it is the largest variety of roses in the world, with large flowers, one per stem, representing peace Dior.
Intermediate rotating species
Widely used, the flower size is about 6 ~ 10 cm. The representative varieties are mahogany and Ciolina.
Small round race
Flowers are only about 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm, with small inflorescences and short plants, which can be used as small potted plants or flower beds for beautification. Representative varieties are Xiao Sunset and Shi Lina.
Tender species
It comes from the mating propagation of vine roses or the variation of non-vine roses, which can reach 4 ~ 6 cm high and have no climbing ability, so it is necessary to fix branches artificially.
5, roses: love, love and beauty, radiant.
Rose (red): I am passionate about you, I love you, and I hope to have a warm love with you.
Rose (blue): Honest and kind.
Rose (pink): moving, declaration of love, remembering, first love, like your bright smile.
Rose (white): innocence, purity, respect and humility.
Rose (yellow): disloyalty, jealousy, joy, happiness, apology.
Rose (purple): Melancholy, fond of dreaming, fond of dreaming.
Roses (bouquets): Happy love.
Rose (orange): shyness, a mysterious love for you.
Rose (Bud): Beauty and Youth
Rose (orange): Desire.
Rose (red+white): * * * Yes.
Rose (red+yellow): Happy.
Rose (black): You are the devil, and I own you.
Rose: Pure love, beautiful love, beauty always exists.
Red Rose: madly in love with you, passionately in love with you.
Pink roses: first love, courtship, love and special care, eternal love
Yellow rose: lovelorn and faded love
Orange rose: full of youth and first love.
White Rose: Innocent, Pure, Pure Love
Green rose: pure and simple, youthful and permanent.
Red and white roses: war
Yellow rose flower language:
For friendship, yellow roses represent pure friendship and good wishes, so they will be a good gift for ordinary friends.
For love, the yellow rose is an ominous thing, because it represents lovelorn and lovelorn, even jealousy. In Japan, the yellow rose is a representative gift for breaking up.
But in some places, yellow roses also represent waiting for your love.
Blue Rose's Flower Language "Blue Demon Ji"
Single-branch blue witch flower language: being together is a promise.
Two blue enchantress flowers: Meeting is a kind of fate.
Three blue enchantresses, Huayu: You are my deepest love,
This is the only way. ...