The petrochemical plant to oil, natural gas, coal and its products as raw materials for processing, in order to get a variety of social products. Device raw materials and products are mostly flammable, explosive, toxic substances, the device is bound to have a potential fire, explosion and poisoning hazards.
According to the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE) in 1992, Houston, process plant safety forum information reported that: over the past 30 years, the hydrocarbon processing industry, the frequency of fires and fires caused by economic losses, has been a growing trend. According to statistics: the world's petrochemical industry in the past 30 years, 100 losses of more than 10,000 × 10? US $ in the mega-accident, the proportion of nearly 60% of the device. Like the 1974 British Fliborough's Kaplan device, the 1989 La Mede refinery in France, the 1994 Milford Haven refinery fire and explosion in the United Kingdom, are shocking.
This is not only due to petrochemical installations than other facilities have process complexity, harsh conditions, many constraints, equipment concentration, etc., there are social, economic, management reasons, the synthesis is as follows:
(1) emphasis on the economic scale of the plant (device) is becoming increasingly large-scale;
(2) reduce the construction of land, the arrangement of equipment has become congested, asset density Increase;
(3) In order to eliminate bottlenecks, expand energy efficiency, energy saving, and improve the environment, additional equipment or facilities are added to existing installations;
(4) Increase in the number of production man-days, long-cycle operation, and the equipment is not maintained and updated in a timely manner;
(5) Reduction in personnel, and high mobility of operation and management personnel. In addition, technology, equipment, training is timely follow-up is also one of the reasons.
How to do design safety, how to identify the various potential hazards of the petrochemical process, how to deviate from the process conditions to make an estimate, and in the engineering and construction of the basic link (design) to take measures to prevent the end of the problem, has been widely concerned. The more common practice in foreign countries is that, in addition to emphasizing the design of intrinsic safety, the implementation of the project design (Hazard and Operability Study) (Hazard and Operability Study, abbreviated as HAZOP), with a series of deviation from the process of the research prompts a systematic, qualitative understanding of the process of hazardous and potential consequences, and to take measures. In project management, the implementation of (Health and Safety Executive Program) (Health and Safety Executive abbreviated as HSE), the project at all stages of safety, health and environmental protection content for review and confirmation. In addition, can also be requested by the owner, the project safety assessment.
China's petrochemical plant design, there is currently no complete set of safety analysis methods and management systems. Safety, health and environmental requirements, more scattered in the relevant government regulations and standards at all levels of regulation? In the implementation of the management of many inconveniences, coupled with the design of many of the safety, health and environmental protection requirements, standards and regulations? No or can not be incorporated. In the project management is only pay attention to the "pre" review, ignoring the "late" implementation, often twice the effort.
How to ensure the safety of device design, first of all, strict and correct implementation of government regulations, standards and regulations? (especially mandatory standards). Designers should also do what? According to their own learning and experience, for petrochemical plant design and production safety counterparts to discuss.
1. device risk factors
Petrochemical device types are many, due to differences in technology routes, raw materials, products, process conditions, the existence of hazardous factors are not the same, roughly summarized as follows:
1.1 poisoning hazard
Petrochemical production process, in the form of raw materials, finished products, semi-finished products, intermediates, reaction by-products and impurities. Existence of occupational exposure to poisons, workers in the operation, can be through the mouth, nose, skin into the human physiological function and normal structure of pathological changes, light is to disrupt the body's normal response to reduce the production of people to make the correct judgment, the ability to take appropriate measures, and heavy is to cause death.
1.2 Fire and Explosion Hazard
Combustible gases, oil and gas, dust and air to form a mixture, when its concentration reaches the explosive limit, once ignited, a fire explosion will occur, the fire of the radiant heat and the shock wave generated by the explosion may be on the people, equipment and buildings caused by killing and destroying.
In particular, a large number of combustible gases or oil and gas leakage to form a vapor cloud explosion, often devastating. Fushun Petrochemical Company in 2001, such as the explosion of the ethylene air separation plant, 2000 Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical high-pressure polyethylene device explosion, 1967 Daqing Petrochemical Company's high-pressure hydrogenation plant hydrogen explosion, there are many other examples, the loss is very heavy.
1.3 reactive hazards
Chemical reaction process is divided into two categories of heat absorption and exothermic. Usually, the exothermic reaction is more dangerous than the heat-absorbing reaction, especially the use of strong oxidizing agent oxidation reaction; organic molecules on the introduction of halogen atom halogenation reaction; nitro compounds with nitro substitution of hydrogen atoms in the nitration reaction; once out of control may have serious consequences.
In addition, some of the raw materials used in the petrochemical process have strong reactivity, and a little carelessness can also cause safety concerns.
1.4 Negative pressure operation
Negative pressure operation is easy to make the air and moisture into the system, or the formation of explosive gas mixtures, or oxygen and water vapor in the air to trigger a dangerous reaction to the oxygen and water sensitive materials.
For example, the decompression tower system in a normally depressurized unit of an oil refinery.
1.5 High-temperature operation
The operating temperature of combustible liquids exceeds their flash point or boiling point, and once leaked, they will form an explosive vapor cloud of oil and gas; the operating temperature of combustible liquids is equal to or exceeds their auto-ignition point, and once leaked, they will catch fire or become a source of ignition; a high-temperature surface is also a source of ignition, and combustible liquids spilled on it may cause a fire.
Such as Maoming coking unit in 2001 due to the use of the wrong pipeline materials, high-temperature residual oil rushed out to form a large fire, a major personal injury accident.
1.6 low-temperature operation
Not according to the design of low-temperature conditions, due to the low-temperature medium into the scurrying, and cause equipment and piping of low-temperature brittle damage.
Such as damage to low-temperature equipment for air separation, low-temperature methanol washing of large chemical fertilizer residue gasification process -195 ℃ of low-temperature brittle fracture.
1.7 Corrosion
Corrosion is a common factor leading to the destruction of equipment and pipeline fire. The importance of corrosion resistance of materials, in terms of material optimization, second only to the mechanical properties of materials, its corrosion resistance is mostly out of experience and testing, no standards to follow (Sinopec processing high-sulfur oil device selection of materials have current standards). Coupled with the diversity of corrosion types and the ever-changing environmental conditions affect the corrosion risk increased unpredictability.
Such as: Tianjin Petrochemical oil? Fire, high temperature sulfur corrosion, low temperature sulfur corrosion.
1.8 Leakage
Leakage is an important way of releasing hazardous media into the atmosphere within the equipment pipeline. Equipment pipeline static seal and dynamic seal failure, especially temperature and pressure cycle changes, permeability corrosive media conditions are more likely to cause seal damage.
Equipment piping on the weak links, such as bellows expansion joints, glass level meter, dynamic equipment, dynamic seal failure, once damaged will cause serious accidents.
A major fire caused by a leaking mechanical seal in the hydrogenation unit of Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company.
In 1996, there was a leakage of high temperature and high pressure threaded locking ring in the pipeline of a hydrocracking unit, etc.
1.
1.9 Open Flame Sources
A 0.5mm arc or spark can ignite hydrogen. Device open flame heating equipment (heating furnace), high temperature surfaces and possible arc, electrostatic sparks, impact friction sparks, chimney flying fire energy are sufficient to ignite the explosive mixture.
Such as Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company in 2001 during the start of the new power plant turbine plant fire, safety cabinets.
2. Safety considerations for the selection of process routes
The safety of the process method is the basis for the safety of the device design, in the project and feasibility study stage, full attention should be paid to the safety of the process route considerations.
2.1 Try to use less dangerous materials
In order to obtain a certain product for a certain purpose, its raw materials or auxiliary materials are not all unique. When possible, the use of non-hazardous or less hazardous materials should be prioritized.
2.2 Try to moderate the harshness of the process conditions
The harshness of the process conditions is not unchangeable. For example, the use of catalysts or better catalysts, the use of dilution, the use of gas-phase feed instead of liquid-phase feed, in order to moderate the severity of the reaction.
2.3 Simplify and avoid interference and intrinsic safety
The process accident rate and the influence of factors related to the more parameters, the more interference. For a device to complete a variety of functions, can we use multiple devices, respectively, to complete a function to increase production reliability. Improve the equipment, automatic control, electrical reliability and intrinsic safety.
2.4 Minimize the amount of hazardous media collection
The larger the amount of hazardous media collection, the greater the loss and impact of the accident. Such as membrane distillation instead of distillation column, with? Continuous reaction instead of intermittent reaction, flash drying instead of disk drying tower, centrifugal extraction instead of extraction tower and so on.
2.5 Reduce production waste
Process with raw materials, additives, solvents, carriers, catalysts, etc. is necessary, whether it can be reduced; whether it can be recovered and recycled; whether the waste can be utilized comprehensively for harmless treatment, reduce production waste, make the best use of things, reduce pollution of the environment.
3. Safety of engineering design
Process system design
The task of safety of process system design is to effectively control hazardous materials and the whole process of production.
3.1 .1 Description of material hazards
Material hazards can usually be described by material safety data sheets, the main contents are as follows: general fire hazard characteristics: flash point, ignition temperature, explosion limit, relative density, boiling point, melting point, water solubility. Classification of fire hazards (see GB50160/GBJ16)
Health hazards: maximum allowable concentration of hazardous substances in the workplace (see TJ36), acute toxicity (LC50 or LD50) and morbidity, chronic poisoning disease conditions and consequences, carcinogenicity. Hazardous degree grading of poisons (see GB5044).
Reactivity hazard: stability under environmental conditions, the intensity of reaction with water, sensitivity to thermal or mechanical shock.
Reactivity hazard class (refer to NPPA704)
Storage and transportation requirements.
Accident rescue methods, emergency measures.
3.1.2 Process conditions
The essence of a normal production process is the relative balance of the process parameters. Any parameter over the range of change, the balance is broken, may lead to accidents. How to control and regulate the process conditions, once out of control how to emergency disposal to reduce and avoid losses.
A variety of reactions, including the main reaction, side reactions, as well as possible harmful reactions, to prevent the occurrence of harmful reactions. Using optimization software to control and regulate the production process.
3.1.3 Combined operation unit interface
Petrochemical plant is actually a combination of a number of process operating units. How to realize the safe connection between units to avoid mutual interference; a unit to deal with accidents or failures, how to isolate, how to maintain other units, how to stop smoothly. Combined device is a number of original concept of the combination of devices, asset density is relatively large, especially in the process system design to deal with the articulation.
3.1.4 Sealing and containment systems
Production systems that continuously emit combustible, toxic gases, dust or acid mist should be designed to be hermetically sealed with mist, dust or absorption facilities.
Low-boiling point combustible liquids, toxic liquids or can be oxidized, decomposed, self-polymerization reaction or deterioration with oxygen and water in the air, it should be sealed with inert gas, there should be anti-corrosion process measures.
3.1.5 Reduce the hazardous media into the fire
In ?M enough production under the premise of smooth, try to shorten the residence time of the material in the equipment, the selection of the fractionation equipment with less liquid storage. The bottom of large equipment, large displacement pumps, high temperature (≥ flash point, ≥ spontaneous combustion point) pump inlet, displacement greater than 8m?/h liquefied hydrocarbon pump inlet, liquefied hydrocarbon? Outlet, should consider the accident isolation valve, emergency cut-off in case of accident, in order to reduce the amount of accidental leakage.
The best way to fight gas fires is to cut off the gas source. Therefore, the gas processing unit boundary combustible gas pipe should be set up accident isolation valve.
3.1.6 Equipment overpressure protection
GB150 and (pressure vessel safety technology supervision regulations) require pressure vessels with overpressure protection; positive displacement pumps and overpressure protection requirements of the equipment should be a safe pressure relief facilities.
Media corrosion, coking, condensation blocking the safety valve failure, should consider the safety valve rupture disc combination, or set up a steam cover, steam (or electric) accompanied by heat.
For equipment with sudden overpressure, heat pressure rises sharply equipment, should also be set up automatic pressure relief or guide tube, rupture disc combination of facilities.
3.1.7 pressure relief and venting
Combustible media safety valve pressure relief should be into the torch system, due to the release of entrained liquid, the device should be set up to separate the liquid tanks; put the torch manifold should be able to handle any single accident maximum emissions. Petrochemical plant venting torch discharge in the accident.
Liquefied hydrocarbon equipment and pipeline venting should enter the torch system.
Toxic and corrosive media venting should be harmless.
Equipment and pipeline venting should be closed collection.
3.1.8 Blowout and replacement
Blowout and replacement of equipment and piping in the start-stop device to create conditions for safe start-stop and maintenance.
Blowing is not clean, imperfect blowing system, not the requirements of the blowing medium will create conditions for fire.
Fixed blowing system should be prevented from dangerous media anti-stringing measures.
3.1.9 and the isolation of the system
Hazardous materials into and out of the device should be set at the boundary of the cut-off valve, and the device side of the installation of the "8" word blind, to prevent the device from fire or shutdown maintenance of each other.
The equipment dealing with combustible and toxic media, in the operation of the device needs to be cut off for maintenance and cleaning, there should be a double valve or valve plus blind.
3.1.10 Utility Supply
When the water supply is interrupted, the cooling system should be able to maintain normal cooling for more than 10min. Other like fuel, instrumentation air should be considered as an accident supply source or accident reserve.
3.1.11 Extraordinary working conditions
The device is very easy to start and stop work, accidental parking fire and other accidents. The process system not only provides normal operating procedures, should also be proposed to start, stop work procedures and water, power outages, etc. under the circumstances of the parking steps to ensure that the whole process of production is in order. Such as petrochemical large-scale device accident plan.
3.2 Instrumentation and automatic control design
Instrumentation is the eyes of the operator, the automatic control system is the center of the device regulation and control.
3.2.1 Power system
There should be accident power supply and gas source to ensure that there is a more abundant time to deal with the accident.
3.2.2 Instrumentation and controller selection
Fail-safe type should be used to ensure that the production system tends to be safe in case of failure.
After the automatic stop of the instrumentation circuit, should be avoided without confirming the reset, automatically return to normal operation.
Avoid the use of multifunctional instruments that may cause misjudgment.
3.2.3 Interlocking and stopping system
Important operation links, there should be alarm, interlocking and emergency stopping system. (ESD)
Emergency stop may have a significant impact on production, the signaling system should be equipped with a 3 to 2 voting system.
Control system failure may cause major accidents, should be set up n:1 or even 1:1 redundant control system.
In production operation, the instrumentation and parking circuit should be able to detect.
3.2.4 Field Instrumentation
Instruments, analyzers, and controllers in the explosion hazardous area are selected from the corresponding explosion-proof structure or positive-pressure ventilation structure.
3.2.5 Harmful gas depth monitoring
The occasion of the dissemination of harmful gases or vapors, should be set up to monitor the alarm facilities.
3.2.6 Instrumentation cable
Instrumentation cable in the fire and explosion hazardous areas should be non-fuel material type or flame retardant type.
3.3 Equipment design
Process equipment is the main body of the realization of the process, all individual operating processes are completed through a specific device, so the reliability of the equipment is critical to the safe production of the device.
The main aspects of equipment design include manufacturing materials, mechanical design, manufacturing processes, and process control systems.
3.3.1 Material selection
The process, external environment, failure modes, and material processing properties should be well known.
Corrosion is an important factor leading to equipment damage and fire, should be reasonable selection of corrosion-resistant materials and corrosion margin.
3.3.2 design
Should be able to meet the harsh temperature and pressure conditions on the equipment stress requirements. Pay special attention to the vibration loads generated by the power unit on the vessel and the alternating loads due to cyclic changes in temperature and pressure. Stress bifurcation for high temperature and high pressure hot wall reactors. Large reciprocating compressor pipeline using (API618. 3.3) section specification pressure pulsation acoustic feeler calculation and folding, the use of fault diagnostic techniques.
3.3.3 equipment manufacturing
The most important thing in the design is to make a judgment on the equipment material quality control procedures and manufacturing process quality procedures, to confirm that the manufacturing meets the design requirements.
The following safety issues should be addressed in the design.
(1) pressure vessel
Should strictly implement the "Pressure Vessel Safety Technology Supervision Regulations", set up container cleaning and ventilation facilities; set up anti-erosion and anti-static facilities; the inner parts should be prevented from accumulating liquids; containers should be avoided within the dead zone of the logistics; vertical container support structure should be set up to protect against fire.
(2) rotating equipment
rotating equipment to deal with flammable, toxic media should be used double-ended seal or better performance of the seal; shall not use cast iron materials and media (and / or lubricants) and the reaction of spare parts; compressor at all levels of the inlet should be separated from the liquid facilities; large pumps and compressors should be set up to vibration-resistant facilities. The use of advanced dry gas sealing technology, floating ring sealing technology.
(3) open-flame equipment
Furnace should be air, nitrogen or water vapor purge port; gas furnace should be set up always light; large open-flame heating equipment should be set up flame monitor.
3.4 Electrical Design
Electricity is the main power source for the production of the device, continuous and reliable power supply is an important guarantee for the safe production of the device.
(1) critical continuous production process, should be used double power supply;
(2) sudden power failure will cause explosion, fire, poisoning and casualties of key equipment, must be set up security power supply.
(3) High-power motor start, should be accounted for the starting current does not exceed the peak current allowed by the power supply system or the application of soft start facilities. (Inverter technology).
(4) The structure, classification and grouping of electrical equipment for explosion-hazardous environments should be in accordance with GB50058.
(5) Fire hazardous environments overhead laying of cables and cable structure cables should be flame retardant.
(6) buildings and equipment, there should be possible lightning protection and grounding measures; equipment that may generate static electricity, piping should be prevented from static electricity accumulation measures.
(7) Security facilities such as fire alarms, accident lighting, evacuation lighting, etc. should be set up security power supply.
3.5 device layout design
Device layout, including equipment, structures and channel layout, to ensure the smooth implementation of the process, the safety spacing in line with the norms, to facilitate the operation and maintenance and firefighting operations, and to facilitate the evacuation of personnel.
3.5.1 Equipment layout
The process should meet the requirements of the equipment layout (such as pump filling head, the difference in position between the equipment); equipment and equipment and the fire distance between buildings should be in line with the provisions of GB50160; should be avoided to avoid continuous source of ignition (open flame heating equipment) and the release of hazardous sources of neighboring arrangements; high-risk equipment and equipment should be as far as possible separated from the general danger of the arrangement; equipment should be used as much as possible in the open or semi-open air or semi-open air. should try to use open-air or semi-open-air arrangement, minimize the scope of the explosion hazardous area; unless the process requirements, multi-layer arrangement of equipment, should be no more than three layers; operating temperature is equal to or greater than the media auto-ignition point above the equipment is generally not arranged above the air-cooled; on the human body may cause accidental injury to the media near the equipment, should be set up to set up a safety spray eyewash. Such as methanol devices.
3.5.2 Structures layout
may emit sparks and the use of open flame buildings (such as control rooms, power distribution rooms, laboratory and maintenance rooms, office buildings) should be arranged in non-explosive hazardous areas, if in the scope of the additional two districts, should be higher than the outdoor floor of 0.6m;
device vertical processing should be conducive to the discharge of leaks and fire sprinkler to shorten the time of retention of the device in the area. Device area retention time. Such as foreign control room explosion-proof facilities.
3.5.3 channel setup
The device should be surrounded by a circular channel; device fire escape should be through the device area, and there are no less than two intersections with the surrounding road connection; device with the road separated by the block, should be able to make fire fighting operations do not have a dead end; equipment joint platforms and frames should not be more than 50 m between adjacent evacuation routes.
3.6 pipeline design
3.6 pipeline design
3.6 pipeline design
3.6 pipeline design
3.6 pipeline design
Piping design includes three parts: piping arrangement, piping equipment and piping machinery. Improper design and mistakes will bring hidden danger to safety production, and even cause disaster.
3.6.1 Piping arrangement
Pipe connection should be welded as much as possible except for necessary flange connection; small diameter branch pipe on the pipeline should be connected to the main pipe with reinforced pipe joints; pipeline bridge conveying liquefied hydrocarbons, corrosive media pipeline should be arranged in the lower level; oxygen pipeline should be avoided to arrange the oil pipeline.
Hazardous media pipeline across the road, in addition to the net height should meet the requirements, above which shall not be installed valves, flanges, bellows; handling of accidents with a variety of valves, such as emergency venting, accident isolation, firefighting steam, firefighting risers, etc., should be arranged in a safe, obvious, easy to open the location.
3.6.2 piping equipment
Selection of piping equipment, should be able to withstand the operating process of the most demanding temperature-pressure combination of the force generated; the use of piping equipment should not exceed the allowable range of the specification, shall not be used to regulate the use of materials is not permitted; corrosive media pipeline should be careful selection of corrosion-resistant material and the corrosion margins; different levels of pipeline connections, should try to connect the flange, to avoid welding of dissimilar steel; dangerous steel welding; the pipelines should be used to connect the pipeline, the flanges, to avoid welding. To avoid welding of dissimilar steel; hazardous media pipelines should try to avoid the use of corrugated expansion joints to solve the pipeline flexibility; highly toxic and liquefied hydrocarbon pipeline valves, shall not be used for threaded bonnet valves, high-pressure valves should be selected pressure sealing structure or better sealing structure. Accident isolation valve with soft seal should be fireproof; pipe sealing (flange temperature and pressure level, receiver type, sealing surface type, gasket material and structure type, bolt and nut material) should be reasonably selected; the use of new equipment should be national or industry authority and technical department of the appraisal.
3.6.3 pipeline machinery
It must be ensured that the pipeline in the design conditions with sufficient flexibility. Especially for high temperature, thick-walled, large diameter pipeline and sensitive equipment (such as pumps, compressors, turbines, air coolers, etc.) connected to the pipeline, the role of the equipment on the mouth of the force and torque should meet the requirements of the equipment manufacturer,abercrombie france, laboratory equipment; reciprocating compressor takeover in addition to consider the flexibility of the other should also be carried out pulsed vibration analysis; two or more units of equipment for each other as a standby or switching operations should be considered when the different working conditions on the stress analysis, Vibration analysis; cold tightening can reduce the operation of the pipeline on the fixed point of the equipment force, but the pipeline connected to the rotating equipment shall not be cold tightening; pipeline support structure should be reliable and reasonable. Vibrating pipe supports should not be rooted on the plant and equipment. Two phase flow pipeline and other impact load pipeline its bracket should consider the impact of impact; pipeline openings should be reinforced.
3.7 civil design
Control room, power distribution room and production plant fire resistance level should be consistent with the requirements of GBJ16. Control room toward the side of the hazardous media equipment should be non-combustible material without door and window openings solid wall; explosion risk of Category A and B plant, should be used for lightweight structure, pressure relief area should meet the requirements of GBJ16; building and frame safety evacuation routes should be in line with the norms; multi-storey building arrangement of combustible liquids should be arranged in order to prevent combustible liquids leakage to the lower floor of the facilities; large power base, consider the impact on the plant Vibration isolation measures should be taken; fire hazard areas within the load-bearing steel structure and prestressed reinforced concrete structure should be implemented fire protection, and the fire resistance limit should not be less than 1.5h; seismic areas, the building design should also be in line with the seismic code requirements; low-temperature cold storage tanks should be prevented from 0 ℃ temperature line through the soil when the foundation is in contact with the soil measures.
3.8 water supply and drainage design
Sewage system production units are particularly vulnerable to fire.
Plant-wide production of sewage shall not cross the process plant boundary area; combustible liquid separation pool for production of sewage in the device equipment area, must be set up with non-combustible material cover; A, B device production of sewage sewage down well cover should be sealed.
3.9 Ventilation design
The plant that disperses harmful gases or vapors should be ventilated, and the number of air exchanges should meet the requirements of TJ36 workshop air in the maximum permissible depth of hazardous substances; mechanical ventilation of the air intake should ensure that the harmful gases in the air sent out of the harmful gases or dust shall not exceed the workshop air in the maximum permissible depth of hazardous substances of 30% of the value; the plant that may suddenly produce a large number of harmful gases or vapors of the plant should be set up accident ventilation system.
3.10 fire design
device fire design is mainly a number of fixed facilities, but the device around the road and fire access and roadside hydrants, fire vehicles will be in and out of the water to provide convenience; device fire water pipeline should be arranged in a ring, the water inlet pipe should not be less than two, the ring should be divided into a number of independent pipeline section valve.
Device tall equipment group should be set up high-pressure water cannon protection.
Class A and B equipment frame platform is higher than 15cm, to set up fire water supply vertical pipe.
After the fire can not be cooled in time to protect the equipment will cause major accidents should be set up water spray or water spray system.
Combustible liquid pump room and Class A gas compressor room, its volume is less than 500 cubic meters, there should be a fixed sieve tube steam fire extinguishing facilities.
Heating furnace chamber and return elbow box with plug, there should be fixed steam fire extinguishing facilities.
The operating temperature is equal to or greater than the media auto-ignition point of the equipment take-over flange to be set up ring steam sieve tube protection.
Device production area should be equipped with dry powder or foam-type fire extinguishers, control room should be equipped with gas fire extinguishers.
A, B device area should be set around the fire alarm button. Temperature, smoke, flame and other alarm signaling panel set up in the control room, the control room should also be set up for fire alarm telephone; device control room and other buildings, should be set up separate fire partition, and set up automatic fire alarm system.