Because playing a large-diameter lifesaving hole is first, the progress is very slow, and second, the construction is very difficult, no one is sure that you can accurately penetrate 600 meters below the middle of the five.
Looked at the 2010 Chilean mine rescue know, miners trapped 700 meters deep copper mine shaft, and finally through the direct hit the lifesaving hole to the head of the trapped miners to rescue the shaft, *** spent 69 days to 33 miners successfully rescued.
Perforation process several times offset, can accurately drill into the 700-meter deep miners trapped tunnel, there is a certain element of luck.
Shandong Qixia mine disaster site is now playing the 10th lifesaving hole is 711mm large hole, trapped people can be directly from the hole to ascend the well.
But because the hole diameter is too large, the construction progress will be very slow, coupled with the complexity of the geology of the gold mine area, the gold mine geology is mostly granite, compressive strength of 120 MPa, which means that the area of a fingernail cover can withstand the weight of 1,200 kilograms, in this condition, playing a drill hole is very difficult.
And the drilling process to stop the collapse and water penetration, as well as the possibility of jamming the drill or offset, the domestic temporarily no 711mm drilling depth of 600 meters of construction experience, for the above reasons, the success rate of directly playing the rescue of 711mm large holes is not high.
Therefore, the most reliable way to rescue is to clear the shaft passage, although the time may also be longer, but at least it can guarantee the actual reliability.
The drilling of hole 10 started at 3:00 pm on January 20, and the 1200mm drill bit was used to drill up to 18 meters, then the 880mm inner diameter shield was lowered, and soil was poured on the periphery of the shield, and then the 711mm drill bit was used to drill down the hole.
As of 9:30 a.m. on the 21st, the drilling depth of 18 meters was completed, and a good shroud was poured and concrete was placed, and a new planning and measurement of the direction of the drill bit was begun, and according to this progress, it would take at least 30 days to drill to the middle of the fifth section of 600 meters with the 711mm drill bit. And we also have to make sure that the drilling process is not cheap and jammed, but the further down the rock gets harder, the slower the progress is, so the time needed to drill down to 600 meters is far greater than we can imagine.
Although the vertical shaft tunnel cleaning is very difficult, from the point of explosion to about 425 meters are blocked, cleaned up for more than 10 days is still about 350 meters, less than 10 meters per day progress. This is still called the country's various advanced equipment support and personnel 24-hour shift under the results, you can imagine how difficult to clean up.
Mainly due to the shock wave of explosives in the shaft will be equipment, steel plate, steel beams, cables and other items dead stuck in the well, the rescue workers can only use oxyacetylene flame cut into small pieces and then removed. Construction space and very effective, but also in the cage construction, so the progress is very slow.
But the shaft access as long as there is no large-scale collapse, as long as the channel is cleaned up, you can directly arrange the pumping rescue, although slow, but the best reliability.
The subject of this question should be a lot of netizens of the question, but even if the 10th well 710MM borehole diameter has been considered the largest domestic and international borehole diameter, for the drilling of the biggest constraints on the reason is: " Currently the most advanced drilling equipment to drill such a depth, the 710MM borehole diameter has been the limit ".
The Xixia gold mine is the most complex of China's current mining disaster, the deepest depth of rescue, the most complex geological strata of a time, so far drawn the country's professional rescuers 589 people, the expert group of 5 people, 395 sets of professional rescue equipment. All the personnel work in shifts, in order to the best state of rescue.
According to the current rescue situation, the expert group finally determined a two-pronged rescue approach to eat: First, continue to clean up the obstacles in the return air shaft, and second, to open up the No. 10 well . As of the 21st, the latest news, back to the wind well has been cleaned up 361 meters, reached the previous expert group predicted the most difficult section, and the 10th well is also continued to drive into the 18 meters.
To understand the question, we must first understand the difficulty of this rescue,
The return air shaft as the main rescue channel has been the focus of the work of the rescue pair, has been invested in a huge human and material resources to clean up.
However, the explosion of 250 meters back to the air shaft, the original back to the air shaft of the fixed steel plate, water pipes, power supply pipes, and back to the air shaft of the geological layer, formed a depth of nearly 100 meters, the quality of 70 tons of blockage body .
This blockage is not like a pure geological layer of cleanup, a variety of debris intertwined, so the first thing to do is to cut these debris, so the expert group after many tests to take: "double lifting plate + gas welding cutting + hydrodynamic cutting" method, the rescue workers work six hours per shift four shifts on the 21st has been cleaned up to the 361 meters.
Some users asked: Can we use the drilling method to clean up the return air shaft ?
Of course not, back to the air shaft as the main rescue channel can not withstand the second toss, the current use of manual cleaning, although slow but safe and reliable, once the use of drilling way to clean up, first, the composition of the blockage body is too heterogeneous, the drill bit is very easy to occur jamming damage, and secondly, drilling can only be part of the penetration, if the other blockage body to lose support, the formation of a second blockage. The group predicted that it would take at least 15 days to completely penetrate the main rescue tunnel back to the air shaft.
Some netizens saw the front line announced the drilling hole diameter, issued a question: " Why not use a large hole diameter directly to the well personnel directly up? "
In fact, this question is very well explained, the drill bit in the conduct of drilling is equivalent to the object to do work.
According to the knowledge of physics, the ground of the drill bit acts on the rock body, which generates a considerable amount of pressure, just like in the palm of the hand and then drilling with a nail.
But this is a geologic layer, and the stresses generated by the address layer are very high.
Moreover, the drilling is more than 500 meters deep, which is the first time in China, and it is crossing the river by touching the stone. The geological layer of the gold mine is very special: Firstly, there is a certain thickness of gravel layer, which is very easy to jam drilling, offset and other phenomena, the No.5 well is 7 meters offset, and finally can only be abandoned. Secondly, there is a layer of hard rock such as granite in the depth of the geological layer, the drill bit is very easy to be damaged, if you take a large hole diameter may occur, the drill bit is damaged and not easy to penetrate the rock layer. Third, the phenomenon of water penetration will occur, previously opened through the No. 3 well water seepage is serious, about 10 cubic meters per hour, because the drill bit will pass through the aquifer, destroying the flow of groundwater, so, to take a large hole diameter will occur in the water penetration accidents, fourth, the depth of such a large borehole drilling machine can only be punched 710mm hole . As of the 21st 10th well drilling depth of 18 meters.
In fact, everyone's heart is very anxious, but the rescue methods currently adopted are based on scientific decisions, are eager to save up once.
At present, the rescuers have put food, water, clothing, and electricity to the well.
So, wait patiently for the rescue, and don't question the rescuers, 24 hours a day the machines and people are running, it's very hard.
Shandong Qixia gold mine accident rescue has been involving a lot of netizens' eyes, as of now 10 drill holes in only 10 holes is 710 mm lifesaving holes, has been on January 20, 4 o'clock in the afternoon to start working drilling. And the front of the 1 ~ 8 drill holes are 310 millimeters in diameter, and is not suitable for the personnel of the direct ascension of the rescue, so why in the end Shandong Qixia gold mine rescue now only a big hole?
The reason is very simple, the 310 mm drill hole compared to the 710 mm drill hole in terms of technical difficulties is much smaller, large diameter life-saving holes it is very slow progress, one is the Shandong Qixia gold mine near the geologic factors are more complex, we must know that this is a new mine. Many friends have mentioned the rescue work of the Chilean mine disaster in 2010, but it is important to know that the Chilean mine disaster it is built on the premise of the work of the mine has matured, Chilean miners trapped in the shaft they have sufficient water food reserves, and can be timely to detect their location.
As of January 23rd, one of the most important tasks of the rescue mission in Qixia, Shandong Province, is to find the 11 miners who are unaccounted for. Because so far the number of miners have been contacted and searched for only 11, one of them has no life characteristics, but the remaining 11 miners they are not in the five section and six section, so the front of the 1 ~ 8 small caliber drilling are to find the location of the controlled personnel, and then timely delivery of food and water sources and medical supplies.
Back to the original topic to see the 710 mm life-saving drilling, looking at the global scope is the most technically difficult, and to accurately hit the underground 600 meters in the mine, which in the world is the first time. From the front of the 1 ~ 8 310 mm small diameter drill holes to see which there are several drill holes because of deviation from the excessive are taken to give up, only No. 3 and No. 4 drill holes to successfully find the 11 trapped miners.
So the Shandong Qixia mine rescue is very difficult, one is to accurately find the location of the accused miners, the second is the use of the wind back to the well and the No. 10 drill holes in a two-pronged rescue method **** with the opening of the two rescue lifeline, leading the underground trapped miners successfully back to the ground.
And from the technical point of view, the 710 mm large mouth drilling in the process of drilling, to successfully pass the explosion generated by the accumulation of areas, and to ensure that the location and direction of the deviation, as well as in the process of drilling to prevent the geological factors of the underground instability of the cave-in and water leakage. The entire mountain east Xiakou deepest reached 600 meters, the accumulation of domestic technical factors, for the time being, there is no 710 mm large diameter drilling well drilling depth of more than 500 meters of construction experience.
So our ultimate hope is to quickly find the other 11 trapped miners to give them water medical and food aid, to ensure that their vital signs are stable, and then the fastest possible speed to open back up the well and the No. 10 drill hole, so that the ground rescue personnel will be able to go directly down to the mine to take away the trapped miners.
As a three-year drilling experience drilling people have something to say, why not play a large diameter life-saving well? The answer is only one too difficult, the degree of difficulty beyond your imagination, and ultimately comprehensive consideration, weighing again and again to make the most wise decision.
Currently, of the ten boreholes, only the tenth is a large borehole, with a diameter of 710mm. The remaining boreholes, with a diameter of 310mm, were drilled to locate the trapped people and provide them with the necessary medication, food, and the necessary contact equipment.
At present, 11 people have been rescued from the well and sent to the hospital for treatment, while 10 people are still trapped.
The difficulties encountered in drilling a large diameter life-saving well will be unimaginable, the situation on the ground can be seen at a glance, but the underground is unknown, the difficulty here is mainly in the drilling process encountered unimaginable difficulties.
The 710mm drill bit was replaced and then drilled downward, and the next step was more and more difficult. There is no experience in drilling 600 meters deep in China for reference, and there are only theories, and Chairman Mao said that combining theories with practice is the only way to win, and that only half of the theories are far from being enough.
1. The location of the accident in the mining area, the mining area has a complex terrain, the distribution of underground rock layers is intricate, it is easy to fault phenomenon, faults is a waste of wells, easy to lead to faults in the area of the large area of the landslide, serious can cause the drill bit is buried, to end up in failure. Waste of manpower, financial resources, material losses, but also cause delays in the rescue time to affect the rescue.
2. The larger the hole diameter of the drill, the greater the vibration force (the principle of the drilling rig is to rely on the vibration force of the rock layer vibration loosening, by friction to grind the rock into powder, and finally with the air compressor on the ground to send wind to the powder blown to the ground) the closer the pothole when the larger the vibration force, it is very easy to cause the pothole landslide, resulting in casualties.
3. Drilling large holes on the drill bit and drill pipe requirements are very strict, the deeper the drill, the drill pipe and the drill bit to withstand the torsion and vibration of the force is greater, easy to make the drill bit and the drill pipe damage fracture, when the drill bit and the drill pipe is bad need to take out from the new change drill bit to put in and then drilling, can be imagined that it is too difficult.
The drill bit drilling 600 meters on the drill bit wear and tear is quite large, it is estimated that at least halfway to take out the drill bit and all the drill pipe once, change the new drill bit and then drilling may be successful.
4. A small borehole can complete a 600-meter well in two days and two nights, while a large borehole can take n times as long as a small borehole to complete.
5 Encountering groundwater may flow into the underground pits along with the underground cracks, which makes rescue more difficult.
6. Above ground well position can be accurately determined by the instrument, with the drilling depth deeper and deeper, the drill pipe lengthening bit deviation is more serious, which is like throwing a stone in deep water, the deeper the water the stone deviation from the location of the more far is a reason. In the end to get through the pit absolute luck accounted for a large part.
So it's a good idea to start with a small borehole to ensure the safety of the people underground, and to replenish the energy before considering a large borehole for the rescue.
I am an old man from Yishui, Mengshan.
Now the first miner has successfully ascended the well! It's not that gold mines don't drill big holes, but when the big holes proceed to more than 300 meters, there are a lot of obstacles and the traveling speed is very slow. We know that the purpose of the big hole is to directly be able to rescue people from inside this channel, such a channel is very laborious to fight, not a few meters dozens of meters of things, but hundreds of meters, once there is an obstacle to hit the hole is very slow. According to the joint estimate of well-known domestic experts, the current big hole is still more than 100 meters of the more difficult to hit the area, and now to hit the bottom of the well, it is estimated that there are still fifteen days of time.
Rescue began, rescuers have developed a program to play the big hole, from the original location of the big hole to start clearing and punching, it can be said that black and white day and night, a moment has not stopped , just the original location of the big hole, by the impact of the explosion, rebar and other obstacles are buried in the ground, clean up is very difficult, but also cutting, but also the transportation, did not we imagine that! So simple.
Perhaps most people do not quite understand, the complex geological structure of the gold mine below, the hardness is also relatively large, coupled with the impact of the explosion, completely disrupted the previous internal channel of the big hole, and re-clean up, it is more difficult. The initial choice from here to hit the big hole, but also in here may hit up the speed of the reason faster.
Large holes are for rescuing people, small holes are for contacting trapped people. The big holes are slower, but they can bring people out, and the small holes are faster, and they can feed and help the trapped people. So the big hole and the small hole work together, each has its own use.
Now the first miner has gone up the shaft, bless them.
Why isn't the gold mine drilling bigger holes now?The drill holes are now being expanded.
This needs to come in bits and pieces, you can't just come up and give it a big hole.
You need to know that this is 600 meters underground.
Drill No. 10 (rescue escape route, one of the ways to raise the miners) has been drilled to a predetermined location
Drill No. 10 began working at 15:30 on the 20th.
As of 12:00 p.m. on January 21, the well is now 18.1 meters deep. After the pilot hole is subsequently cased and reinforced, the 711mm bit will continue to drill.
Selected borehole updates as of 12:00 p.m. on January 23:Borehole #1 continues to be monitored and no response has been received.
Borehole 4 is keeping the contact open and feed delivery, talking to the trapped people downhole 5 times, and dropping food, clothing, and household items downhole.
The trapped miners in the middle of the fifth section were smoothly transferred to the No. 4 drill hole.
Shaft clearing
This is the one to the barrier between the rescuers and the trapped people.
The main job now is to clear the obstacles.
These obstacles are caused by the explosion, rocks, rebar, air supply and power supply lines, communication cables, etc. These things are mixed together and become a serious blockage.
Because the construction site is very narrow, it is very difficult to remove the obstacles.
Although rescuers are trying with various methods. But none of them worked very well.
According to the latest news in the news
The double-layer hoist operation is now used, the personnel increased to 7 people, the cutting machine increased to 4, the efficiency of clearing the obstacles increased more than 3 times, and the progress of clearing the obstacles is accelerated.
Now the thickest obstacle is more than 100 metersBecause the volume is too large, all clear this obstacle will take at least 15 days.
This speed should be fast enough by now.
And the trapped workers now have enough food,
lights, clothes and shoes.
And the time to get them out has been told.
I guess they are ready now, and it should not be a big problem for them to stick it out for 15 days.
I hope these trapped workers will be rescued soon.
I can look up and see the sunshine.
Go for it, guys!
You can do it!
Come on, the whole country is rooting for you!
Why aren't the gold mines drilling big holes now?It's not that they don't want to, they need to take their time.
Drilling a big hole is not a rush job.
Drill hole 10 was drilled at 15:30 on the 20th as a rescue escape route.
At around 9:30 on the 21st, the pilot hole was drilled to its intended location, 18 meters from the ground. After the pilot hole was subsequently cased and reinforced, the 711mm drill would continue to drill.
January 23rd update:1 of the 11 trapped miners in the fifth section (fifth section) was killed 10 miners were transferred to the stage of restoration of normal diet Sixth section (has been opened, there is no response yet)
1 trapped miner also has injuries 10 lost people are not available for the time being.
10 miners in the fifth center section were transferred to the stage of resuming normal diet.
New drill holes #11 and #12 were added for auxiliary detection and roadway drainage.
Some clothing and necessities were put in for the underground miners.
On January 23rd at 12:00pm, rescuers were at drill hole #4 for a lunchtime food drop. Rescuers lined up in a long lineto tie the supply bottles securely to the steel cable, and then through the rotation of the machine, a variety of rescue food and goods slowly sent into the No. 4 drill hole. This drop also prepared some clothing and necessities for the underground miners, including milk, wet wipes, thermos cups and other supplies.
According to the photos coming from inside the passageway of the return air shaft at the scene, the clearing work is also being carried out in an intense and orderly manner.
It is expected that it will still take at least 15 days, if not longer, for the main well rescue channel to be openedAll of which are currently being pushed forward in an orderly manner.
After the explosion, all kinds of pipelines and cables are all tangled together, piled up 100 meters thick, can only be cut slowly, and then lifted up in buckets, after improving the way of work, the efficiency of the two days has been greatly improved.
But the degree of clogging in the shaft of the return air well exceeded expectations, and it is expected that from 350 to 446 meters from the mouth of the well, there is still a serious clogging of about 100 meters thick, and the obstacle is about 1,300 cubic meters and 70 tons.
There are two ways for the miners in the well to eventually ascend, one is from the return air shaft here, which is wider and easier for rescuers to go down and rescue. The other, is through the ongoing No. 10 drill, hit the five middle diameter of 710mm, and a few other drill holes compared to this is the largest, and finally through the cage and other ways can also be saved miners up.
As of 12:00 on January 23rd, some of the drill holes are up to date:Drill hole #1 continues to be monitored and no response has been received.
Borehole 4 is keeping the contact open and feeding delivery, talking to the trapped people downhole 5 times, and dropping food, clothing, and household items downhole.
Finally
We hope that the trapped people can return safely.
To persevere is to win!
I'm sure you can do it!
Rescuers must also pay attention to safety, the scene I watched the video is also very dangerous.
Ask the experts to hit the hole so difficult, why the mine disaster occurred the first time not to clean up the return air outlet, clean up the return air outlet and then difficult to faster than the current hole, I said is the life of the passage!
For now why not play a big hole rescue, many people want to know.
(The original plan, now that the return air shaft channel is open, there is a possibility that it will not be used.) Using the 10th rescue hole as the second rescue plan, want to vertical drilling to save people, here to face a lot of problems.
One, the first step, first drilled a diameter of 1100 mm well, depth of 18 meters, and then its casing reinforcement to prevent the collapse.
ii. In the second step, the well was changed to a diameter of 710 mm at 18 meters and drilled downwards.
iii. The machine tremor force is large, long the problem of damage to wires or parts.
Fourth, there is granite under the gold mine, the rock layer is relatively hard, hardness level of 12, which is a concept which, like a nail cap so big point of the rock can withstand the weight of 1200 kilograms, which in the drilling of large-diameter wells, the resistance is very large.
Fifth, the direct drilling of large-diameter wells, which need to be combined with the ground conditions, underground soil structure, according to the actual situation.
This Q&A is my yesterday's collation has not had time to send out, in my collation, the pre-discovery of the trapped miners and, after the channel opened, four in the middle of the section of the trapped people found in the afternoon of the 24th were successfully rescued.
For those ten trapped people, the rescue team is still in the continuous search and rescue. We hope to find them soon and wish them peace.
The hole should be reamed and drilled on the original Hole 3 to accurately ensure that Hole 711 is not offset