Question 2: Was there a US factor in Concorde's demise because of high fuel consumption, an average of one ton per person across the Atlantic, and high noise levels, plus an accident that ended up with no one flying on it, and it was retired
Question 3: Why was Concorde demised because of high fuel consumption, an average of one ton per person across the Atlantic, and high noise levels, plus an accident that ended up with no one flying on it, and it was retired
Question 4: Why was Concorde demised? /p>
Question 4: Why did the Concorde reach supersonic speeds, or was it phased out? The grounding of supersonic airliners was not primarily a technical problem. But more than technical feasibility, airlines are more interested in commercial benefits, and manufacturers are more interested in meeting airworthiness regulations so that their products can be sold.
First, high maintenance and operating costs (low profitability)
The fuel consumption rate is too high, the passenger capacity is small, the economy is poor, and the cost per passenger is high. Daily maintenance is expensive, no airline is willing to lose money and carry very few passengers at very expensive cost.
Second, the noise pollution is serious
Concorde is restricted from supersonic flights over the continent because of the high level of sonic booms. The noise in the non-supersonic phase also reduces the comfort of the passengers. And due to the high structural strength requirements of supersonic airliners, their portholes are very small (which can feel a bit oppressive to passengers).
Third, high fuel consumption rate
Given a certain amount of fuel, Concorde has a short range. This means that the supersonic aircraft will lose a lot of longer routes.
Fourth, the most direct cause: plane crashes. 25 July 2000, Concorde flight AF4590 was taking off when it ran over a small bar on the runway that had been dislodged from another Continental DC-10, causing a tire blowout, and the tire slice struck the wing's fuel tanks at a high speed in excess of the speed of sound, which then sparked a fire that led to the plane exploding and crashing a few minutes after takeoff. A few minutes after takeoff, the plane exploded and crashed into a hotel near the airport, resulting in a tragedy that claimed the lives of 113 people. The entire crash was filmed by the public with home video equipment, causing a serious psychological shock to the public, and the Concorde was never recovered from just one crash. Although the Concorde was restarted in November 2001, the passenger capacity has been seriously low. The Concorde was finally retired in 2003 because it was losing money for the airline.
Issue 5: Concorde's Major Accidents On July 25, 2000, Air France Flight 4590 was involved in a plane crash. A Concorde caught fire and crashed two minutes after takeoff at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, killing all 100 passengers on board, nine crew members, and four other victims on the ground. According to the investigation, the Concorde ran over a piece of metal that had come off another Continental Airlines DC-10 on the runway during takeoff, causing a tire to blow out, and the tire fragment struck a fuel tank in the wing at high speed and caused a fire, resulting in the plane crashing a few minutes after takeoff. This was the only major accident in which a Concorde supersonic airliner was operated that resulted in a loss of life. This ended Concorde's 25-year record of safe flight without injury. The crash prompted Concorde manufacturers to revamp the airframe design and fix flaws. They even used Kevlar to protect the fuel tanks to prevent them from being pierced by high-speed foreign objects in the future. A new type of tire was also adopted. However, because the whole crash was filmed by the public with home video equipment, it had a serious impact on the psychology of the public, and no matter how high the reputation of this airplane was in the past, just one crash made the Concorde fall into disrepute. The Concorde's tires have always been one of its weaknesses, and there have been many accidents in its history where a foreign object has caused a blowout while taxiing on the runway. The earliest recorded incident was on June 20, 1975, when an Air France Concorde was preparing for takeoff at Caracas Airport in Venezuela when one of its wheels was damaged by a runway light. And Concorde tire blowouts occurred almost every year after that.On November 28, 1977, an Air France Concorde (F-BVFD) landed heavily while landing at Dhaka Airport. The aircraft was landing at a rate of descent of 14 feet (4.62 m) per second, compared to the actual safety standard of up to 10 feet (about 3 m) per second, resulting in severe damage to the main landing gear and dragging of the engine hundreds of feet on landing. The aircraft was retired from service and placed in storage after Air France ended its Paris-Dakar-Rio de Janeiro service on May 27, 1982, and was dismantled in 1994.On June 14, 1979, an Air France Concorde (F-BVFC) was operating Flight 54, departing from Washington Dulles International Airport, when two of the main landing gear tires blew out. Two of the main landing gear tires blew out and tire fragments penetrated the wing, creating a large hole in the wing and damaging the number two engine, part of the hydraulic system and cables, as well as causing a large amount of fuel to leak. After the accident, the French aviation authorities requested that the Concorde's wing design be improved, and at that time it was proposed that the fuel tanks be protected with ballistic material, but this was not implemented. One month after the accident, on July 21, 1979, another Concorde (F-BVFD) of Air France had another tire blowout at Dulles International Airport. on March 21, 1992, a Concorde (G-BOAB) of British Airways flying from London to New York was cruising at Mach 2.0 at 17,000 meters above the sea northeast of New York when the rudder came off. A large portion of the rudder came off, causing severe vibration and maneuvering difficulties. The pilot attempted to shut down one of the engines to reduce the vibration and eventually landed successfully at John F. Kennedy International Airport, with no passengers injured. The investigation found that the accident may have been caused by improper maintenance, in which the auxiliary materials used during maintenance penetrated into the honeycomb structure of the rudder components, resulting in a reduction in the strength of the metal structure. After the accident, British Airways stepped up manual and ultrasonic inspections of Concorde's rudders. on October 8, 1998, a part of the lower section of the rudder of a British Airways Concorde (G-BOAC) flying BA001 from London to New York dislodged while passing off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. on July 7, 2000, British Airways stated that six of its Concordes were found in the tail of the rudder. On July 7, 2000, British Airways said it had found "very small" cracks of about 6 cm to 7 cm in the tail of six of its Concorde aircraft, while another had a crack in the wing that required it to be grounded for inspection, but British Airways said it posed "no threat to safety". Occurrence. An Air France Concorde (F-BTSC) was taxiing for takeoff from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport when a piece of metal flake from a Continental Airlines DC-10 on the runway slashed its tires, and the impact of the tire debris on the fuel tanks caused violent fluctuations in the fuel inside the tanks, rupturing the tanks from the inside out and causing the Concorde to crash. The incident killed all 100 people on board.
Question 6: Why did Concorde leave the stage of history There are many reasons for the retirement of Concorde:
1, noise and environmental protection
Because of the supersonic speed of navigation, its "sonic boom" noise has a great impact on the ground, and there are limited routes to choose from.
2, fuel consumption
Also because it is a supersonic aircraft, the engine fuel consumption is very great, due to the rising fuel prices at the time, it seems to be very uneconomical.
3. Flight accidents
Concorde had a number of accidents, especially the Air France Flight 4590 crash in 2000, which resulted in more than 100 deaths, and this became the last straw that bent the camel.
Question 7: The fastest supersonic airplane in history, the Concorde, why no one dared to The so-called supersonic airliners refer to airplanes that fly faster than the speed at which sound travels, and the average airliner takes 7 hours to travel from New York to London, but the Concorde only takes 3.5 hours, which is equivalent to a significant halving of time, and the fastest record is 2 hours, 52 hours, and the fastest record is 2 hours. The fastest time ever recorded was 2 hours, 52 minutes and 59 seconds, less than 3 hours!
However, because Concorde is so fast, the airfare is not cheap, for example, a ticket from New York to London costs at least $6,980, so most of the Concorde's passengers are politicians and businessmen, which gives the outside world an image of "noble fame".
However, in 2003, the Concorde was officially retired from service, having made a new history for humanity.
First of all, the main reason for the grounding came from the July 25, 2000 Air France Flight 4590 crash. At that time, an Air France Concorde was taking off from Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris when a piece of metal flake on the runway slashed its tires, and the tire fragments pierced the fuel tanks, ultimately causing the airliner to crash.
The incident, which killed all 109 people on board, left people skeptical about the safety of the Concorde. In fact, the tires on Concorde have always been one of its Achilles' heels, and Concorde has been in operation for many years, with tire blowouts occurring almost every year.
In addition, the 9/11 incident in the next year made the world panic and afraid to fly, and the downturn of the international civil aviation industry made the cost burden of Concorde, which was originally high in fuel, high in investment and low in revenue, even higher.
Question 8: Why are supersonic airplanes suspended from civil aviation, and what are the real reasons for their retirement and grounding? This is a matter of benevolence and wisdom have their own opinions. I think: a U.S. ***. The reason for this is that they are not the only ones who have been in the market for a long time.
The Concorde, the world's only supersonic two times more than the airliner for the joint British-French research and development, (the Soviet Union had imitation was ridiculed as the Concorde). It was developed in the 1960s and commercialized in the 1970s. When the plane is in high speed, the skin warms up by nearly 130 degrees, the fuselage elongates by 30 centimeters, and longer routes can be shortened by more than half the time. Speed far beyond the earth's rotation, from London to New York time difference of 4 hours, while the flight time is only 3.5 hours, passengers jokingly called: not take off already arrived! The opening of the sensation can be imagined! U.S. first out of the aircraft is too noisy, and its landing and takeoff restrictions in their own countries, after a number of countries reacted to seriously limit the scope of the aircraft market, the intention is not to say self-evident.
Disputes with the British constantly, first the funding tug of war, and then because of naming disputes. Excessive noise: high fuel consumption: more than 20 tons an hour, and therefore, can only cross the Atlantic, but not the Pacific. etc., all of the above are technical reasons, could have been upgraded or improved, but the cooperation is not made, the market, funding has no confidence. The plane is relatively safe, 00 years, because of a piece of other aircraft on the runway fell off the metal plate, the plane took off was pierced tires, and then broke the fuel tank, causing a fire in the air and crashed. The plane was then destroyed, and after its last flight in '03, it was permanently withdrawn!
I've always remembered its majestic, long, slender form, like a white swan.
Question 9: Why was Concorde retired? Concorde is a product of the 1970s, but the electronic equipment is more advanced. In particular, Concorde was capable of Level III automatic landing and takeoff, which means that Concorde was fully capable of taking off and landing automatically without pilot control, according to procedures and instructions.
Because Concorde was designed in the 1960s, the technology used could only represent the technical level of the 1960s, so there are two major flaws: one is the poor economy. Concorde can carry 95.6 tons of fuel at a time, but it consumes 20.5 tons per hour, a high rate of fuel consumption. The maximum fuel range was more than 7,000 kilometers, and the maximum load range was 5,000 kilometers. Due to the short range of the Concorde, that is to say, it could only barely fly across the Atlantic Ocean but not the Pacific Ocean, which limited its scope of use. The Concorde's standard passenger seating capacity was 100, and its maximum passenger seating capacity was 140, which made its operating costs high. This reduces its economy. Secondly, the noise during takeoff and landing is too large, resulting in the vast majority of countries in the world do not allow it to take off and land; and due to the sonic boom generated by supersonic flight, it is restricted from supersonic flights over the continent.
In May 1976, British Airways and Air France launched simultaneous transatlantic routes to the United States. Subsequently, all of Concorde's scheduled flights have been terminated successively due to noise and cost, with the exception of daily round-trip flights from London-New York and Paris-New York. British and French airlines in the Concorde operation of the annual loss of 40-50 million dollars. They rely on *** subsidies from both countries to keep flying.
July 25, 2000, Air France flight AF4590, a Concorde in Paris Charles de Gaulle airport two minutes after takeoff fire crashed, 100 passengers on board, nine crew members were killed, and the ground another four victims. According to the investigation, the Concorde ran over a piece of metal that came off another Continental Airlines DC-10 on the runway during takeoff, causing a tire to blow out, and the tire slice struck a fuel tank in the wing at high speed and caused a fire, leading to the plane's crash minutes after takeoff. This was the only major accident in which a Concorde supersonic airliner was operated that resulted in a loss of life. This ended Concorde's 25-year record of safe flights without injury.
The crash prompted Concorde manufacturers to revamp the airframe design and fix flaws. They even utilized Kelvar to protect the fuel tanks to prevent them from being punctured by high-speed foreign objects in the future. But despite this, because the entire crash was captured on home video by the public, resulting in a serious psychological impact on society at large, no matter how high the reputation of this type of aircraft was, but just one crash made the Concorde never to be seen again.
More information:baike.baidu/view/278194?pf=1