I.
Liver function labs[1]
Albuminous aminotransferase (ALT): 0-40 μ/L
II.Glutamate aminotransferase (AST): 0-40 μ/L
III.Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 30-90 u/L
iv. Glutamyltransferase (GGT): less than 40 units
v. Total Protein (TP): 60-80 g/L; Albumin (A): 40-55 g/L; Globulin (G): 20-30 g/L; Albumin (A)/Globulin (G): 1.5-2.5:1
vi. Total Bilirubin: 1.71 -17.1 μmol/L (1-10 mg/L); indirect bilirubin 1.7-13.7 μmol/L; direct bilirubin: 1.71-7 μmol/L (1-4 mg/L)
VII. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP):
Mainly synthesized in the fetal liver, molecular weight 69,000, in the fetal 13 weeks AFP accounted for 1/3 of the total plasma proteins. 30 weeks of gestation to reach the highest peak, and then gradually declined, the concentration of plasma at birth of about 1% of the peak, about 40mg / L, in the weeks of age close to the adult level (less than 30μmg / L) [2].
2 Laboratory Description Edit
Liver function tests are used to monitor the indicators related to liver function and metabolism through a variety of biochemical experimental methods, in order to reflect the basic condition of the liver's function. Not liver function test is the display of the results of the liver function test, the doctor through the view of the liver function test, can be a good judge of the situation of a person's liver, if there is a lesion, the doctor can be based on the results of the patient's examination to draw the appropriate conclusions. This is used as a basis for reference. For different hospitals, the reference value of the results shown in the liver function tests may vary, which is determined by different hospitals.
The liver function tests show the results of several tests, including aminotransferases, such as alanine aminotransferase, azelaic aminotransferase, albumin, globulin, albumin-to-globulin ratio, bilirubin, bile acids, and so on. Each test result shows a different meaning, through the analysis of the liver function laboratory test list, and then compared with the reference value of the results of the analysis, you can determine whether a person's liver problems, or the severity of the problem, but a lot of people can not read the liver function laboratory test list, so that learning to read the liver function laboratory test list [3] is very important.
3 basic project editor
(1) reflect the liver parenchymal damage indicators
Mainly including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), etc., of which ALT is the most commonly used sensitive indicators, 1% of the hepatocytes in the event of necrosis, the level of serum ALT can be elevated by one times. ALT often suggests that liver parenchymal damage is serious, and is a sign of increasing chronicity.
(2) reflect the bilirubin metabolism and cholestasis indicators
Mainly including total bilirubin (TBil), direct and indirect bilirubin, urobilirubin, urobilinogen, blood bile acid (TBA), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). When hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, bilirubin metabolism disorder or intrahepatic cholestasis, the above indexes can be elevated. In hemolytic jaundice, indirect bilirubin can be elevated.
(3) Reflect the liver synthesis function indicators
Mainly including albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase and prothrombin time and activity, etc., long-term albumin, cholinesterase decreased, prothrombin activity decreased, supplementation of vitamin K can not be corrected, indicating that the gradual reduction of normal hepatocytes, liver cells synthesize proteins, coagulation factor function is poor, the liver reserve function is reduced, and the prognosis is poor. The prognosis is poor.
(4) Indicators reflecting liver fibrosis
Mainly including type III pre-collagen (PIIIP), type IV collagen (C-IV), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN) and so on, which can help diagnose liver fibrosis and early cirrhosis.
(5) Liver coagulation function indicators
The liver can synthesize all coagulation factors other than Ⅲ and factor a chain, which plays an important role in maintaining normal coagulation function. The synthesis of coagulation factors is reduced in patients with liver disease, and clinical bleeding of gums and nasal mucosa, skin bruises, and gastrointestinal bleeding can occur in severe cases. In general, the earliest and most reduced factor VII, followed by factor II and X, and the last and least reduced is factor V. The most important factor is factor V, and the most reduced is factor V, and the most reduced is factor V.
A, prothrombin time (PT)
The normal value is 11 to 15 seconds, and it is meaningful to extend more than 3 seconds compared with the normal control. Acute hepatitis and mild slow ...... >>
Question 2: How to look at the liver function test Many people do not know what those indicators represent after getting the liver function test, today the experts of the People's Health Checkup Center will give you an explanation, as well as the meaning of some of the indicators on the liver function test. Due to the different laboratory conditions, operators and testing methods of each hospital, the normal reference range of liver function tests provided by different hospitals is generally different. Here we will not list the normal value reference range of each item, but only introduce the Chinese name, English code and the main clinical significance of each item. Liver Function Tests: Serum enzyme tests are commonly used to reflect hepatocellular injury in liver function tests, including alanine aminotransferase (commonly known as glutamic acid aminotransferase AL T), menthionine aminotransferase (commonly known as glutamic acid aminotransferase AST), alkaline phosphatase (AL P), and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT or GGT), etc. Among the various enzyme tests, ALT is the most commonly used. Among the various enzyme tests, ALT and AST can sensitively reflect the damage of hepatocytes and the degree of damage. In various acute viral hepatitis, drug or alcohol-induced acute hepatocellular injury, serum ALT is the most sensitive, and before clinical symptoms such as jaundice appear, ALT rises sharply, and AST also rises, but the degree of AST rise is not as high as ALT. In chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, the degree of AST rise is more than that of ALT, so AST mainly reflects the degree of liver damage. In severe hepatitis, due to a large number of hepatocellular necrosis, liver function tests will appear, ALT in the blood gradually decreases, but at this time bilirubin is progressively increased, that is, the phenomenon of "bilirubin enzyme separation", which is often a precursor of liver necrosis. In the recovery period of acute hepatitis, if the ALT is normal and the γ-GT continues to rise, it often suggests that the hepatitis is chronic. In chronic hepatitis, if the γ-GT on the liver function test continues to exceed the normal reference value, it suggests that chronic hepatitis is in the active stage. In the liver function test, the items reflecting the secretion and excretion function of the liver include the determination of total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), total bile acids (TBA ) and so on. Elevated total bilirubin can occur when suffering from viral hepatitis, drug- or alcohol-induced toxic hepatitis, hemolytic jaundice, pernicious anemia, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, and neonatal jaundice and internal bleeding. Direct bilirubin is the portion of total bilirubin that is bound to the glucuronide group after processing by the liver. Elevated direct bilirubin indicates that there is an obstruction to the elimination of bilirubin after it has been processed by the liver cells, i.e., biliary obstruction has occurred. If both TBil and DBil are measured, the differential diagnosis of hemolytic, hepatocellular, and obstructive jaundice can be made. Hemolytic jaundice: general TB il 35%; obstructive jaundice: general TBil>340 μmol /L , direct bilirubin / total bilirubin>60%. In addition γ-GT, ALP, 5 '-nucleotide (5 '-NT) is also very sensitive to reflect the cholestatic enzymes, their elevation mainly suggests that there may be a biliary obstruction of the disease. On liver function tests, items that reflect the liver's synthetic reserve function include prealbumin (PA), albumin (Alb ), cholinesterase (CHE ), and prothrombin time (PT). They are routine tests that reflect the storage capacity of the liver by detecting its synthetic function. A decrease in prealbumin and albumin suggests that the liver's ability to synthesize proteins is diminished. When suffering from various liver diseases, the more severe the disease, the lower the serum cholinesterase activity. A persistent decrease in cholinesterase activity with no sign of rebound is most often indicative of a poor prognosis. Both ALT and GGT are elevated in hepatobiliary diseases, and if the CHE is also decreased, liver disease is indicated, whereas normal cholinesterase activity is usually associated with biliary disease. Increased CHE can also be seen in hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome and fatty liver. Prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) reveals a decrease in the liver's ability to synthesize various clotting factors. On liver function tests, items that reflect liver fibrosis and cirrhosis include albumin (Alb ), total bilirubin (TBil), monoamine oxidase (MAO ), and serum protein electrophoresis. When a patient suffers from liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, there is a decrease in serum albumin and total bilirubin accompanied by an increase in monoamine oxidase. The degree of gamma globulin increase in serum protein electrophoresis evaluates the evolution and prognosis of chronic liver disease and suggests that the koilocytes are hypofunctional ...... >>
Question 3: How to read the liver function labs? The main items of clinical liver function tests include: protein metabolism tests. The main items in the clinical liver function test include: protein metabolism test. glucose metabolism test. Lipids. Bilirubin metabolism test. Serum enzyme tests. The following enzymes are common: alanine aminotransferase (abbreviated as ALT or GPT). Glutamate aminotransferase (AST or GOT). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). γ-Aminotransferase (γ-GT). Cholinesterase (CHE). Their normal values are usually indicated on the test form. If a different test is performed, the value of each enzyme will be different. The values for each enzyme are different. The usual reference values are: ALT>
Question 4: How to read the liver function report form Given that we do not understand the liver function test form, we have made the following liver function test form comparison table, which contains the liver function test items, the normal value of the liver function indexes, the significance of the liver function indexes and so on.
Item Abbreviation Normal Value Significance of Liver Function Test Items (Significance of Higher)
Albuminous aminotransferase ALT 0~40 Albuminous aminotransferase is high may be caused by liver damage, such as suffering from chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and so on.
AST 0~40 Elevated AST in liver function tests means severe liver damage.
Glutamate/glutamate AST/ALT 0.80~1.5 A high glutamate/glutamate ratio indicates parenchymal liver damage
Glutamyltransferase GGP 7~32 GGT is increased in serum when synthesis in the liver is hyperactive or bile excretion is blocked.
Alkaline phosphatase ALP 53~128 Commonly found in bone disease, liver disease
Total bilirubin TBILI 5.1~19.0 Inflammation, necrosis, poisoning and other damages to the liver can cause high bilirubin
Direct bilirubin DBILI 0.0~5.1 Intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic obstructive jaundice, pancreatic head carcinoma, capillary biliary hepatitis and other biliary stasis syndrome. stasis syndromes, etc.
Indirect bilirubin IBILI 5.0~12.0 Derivation of hemoglobin produced by destruction of aged red blood cells
Total protein TP 60~80 Mainly due to the reduction of water in serum, which leads to a relative increase in the concentration of total protein, such as vomiting, profuse sweating
Albumin ALB 35~55 Mainly due to the concentration of blood, which leads to a relative increase, such as severe dehydration and shock. Severe dehydration and shock.
Globulin
GLB 15.0~35.0 Globulin is produced by the body's immune organs and is elevated when antigens such as viruses are present in the body (enemies).
White globe ratio ALB/GLB 1.00~2.00 Low and inverted white globe ratio may have chronic substantial liver damage and poor prognosis
Total cholesterol CHOL 3.35~6.45 Seen in hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, choledochal obstruction, hypertension.
Triglycerides TRIG 0.48~1.17 Hyperthyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, severe hypothyroidism.
Uric acid UA 202~416 Commonly found in gout, leukemia, nausea tumors and so on.
Question 5: How to read the liver function tests Many people do not know, in fact, interpreting a liver function test is not as difficult as imagined. The following is to ask the liver disease experts to teach you, so that we have a deeper understanding of the liver function laboratory tests on the various indicators have what is the meaning of. The higher the values of aminotransferases, bilirubin, and globulin in the liver function biochemical indexes, the more serious the condition of the liver, and the lower the results of the albumin indexes, which are synthesized by the liver, the deeper the degree of damage to the liver. The patient only needs to combine the actual value of the test with the hospital's normal value to know whether each of his indicators is high or low. Recommended reading " " " " Liver function check notes Liver function five indicators in general, after the liver function biochemical indicators check, if the liver function is determined to be abnormal, but also to carry out the examination of hepatitis B five viral indicators, through the hbsag (surface antigen), hbsab (surface antibody), h penalty eag (e antigen), hbeab (e antibody), hbcab (core antibody) check. After these five tests are combined with the quantitative analysis of hbvdna, the number of viruses can be understood, and combined with the changes in aminotransferases, the optimal time for treatment can be determined. Of course, in addition to their own understanding, to find a formal specialized hospital treatment is very critical. Here for you to recommend the domestic best liver disease hospital - Beijing Liver Disease Hospital, the hospital has the domestic advanced liver disease diagnosis and treatment equipment, including high-speed spiral CT, nuclear magnetic **** vibration, hepatitis B virus HBV gene detection system, liver ultrasound and a number of high-precision medical equipment up to the domestic first-class level, which provides a precise diagnosis of the most scientific basis.
Question 6: How to see the liver function test list Many friends do not know how to see the liver function test list, so there are many examples of misuse of the disease. Therefore, we have to learn to analyze the liver function test by ourselves to check whether we are infected with the virus.
Quantitative bilirubin test:
This test is used to find out whether a patient has jaundice and the depth of jaundice. The normal value of bilirubin is not more than 1 mg in 100 ml of serum. A level of more than 1 mg is abnormal and indicates jaundice; the higher the bilirubin level, the more severe the jaundice.
Liver function test for muscimol turbidity test (also known as T.T.T.):
This test is used to find out the extent of damage to the liver cells, and has a normal value of 0-6 units; if it exceeds 6 units, it is abnormal. A similar test is the zinc sulfate turbidity test, which has a normal value of 12 units or less.
Liver function test of alanine aminotransferase activity test (ALT)
Older known as glutamic-propanic aminotransferase activity test (also known as GPT); hepatocytes contain a lot of alanine aminotransferase, when hepatocytes are damaged, this enzyme will be released from hepatocytes into the bloodstream, so that the concentration of alanine aminotransferase in the bloodstream is increased. Colorimetry:
Question 7: How to read liver function labs 10 points Hello!
1, you are hepatitis B triple Yang, glutamic acid aminotransferase 42 slightly higher 2, your HBV-DNA 4.03 multiplied by ten to the power of supply, the viral load of 403,000,000, the virus is in replication, it is best to carry out antiviral treatment, taking Heptagen, 1 tablet / times / day, at least 1 year of continuous service, three months or six months to test ultrasound, liver function and HBV-DNA, if the virus stops replicating, aminotransferase will recover naturally;
2. If the hepatitis B virus is no longer replicating, Herceptin will be reduced in dosage, but it should not be discontinued immediately to prevent the rebound of the hepatitis B virus, and the dosage of Herceptin will be reduced to the smallest possible amount before it can be discontinued, and the dosage of Herceptin will be reduced to the smallest possible amount before it can be discontinued. Antiviral treatment, and hepatitis B virus peace ***;
3, dietary consumption of fungi food, such as fungus, mushrooms, mushrooms, etc., can improve immunity, fish is rich in protein and easy to digest, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, increase the content of VC, do not smoke, do not drink alcohol, to reduce the burden on the liver, less food and do not consume deep-fried, pickled, too much grease, spicy *** sexual The food, to light diet is appropriate.
Question 8: How to read the liver function test and hepatitis B test? Diagnosis: viral hepatitis (B), suggesting that the "triple sun", with a strong contagious.
But at present, liver function (ALT, AST) is not obviously abnormal, and has not entered the decompensation stage, which is ideal.
Active treatment of hepatitis B virus, while strengthening liver protection, regular review of liver function.