The art of embroidery in China has a long history, which was born as early as ancient times along with jade, pottery and fabrics.
Embroidery, is the use of colored silk, velvet, cotton thread, in silk, satin, hemp Ge, cloth and other substrates with the help of the needle running puncture, so as to constitute patterns, images or text, the ancient books called "needle" or "women's red".
Embroidery is the sister art of painting and drawing, therefore, "Zhou Li - Kaogongji" will be embroidery attached to the painting, that "colorful preparation, known as embroidery" and the art of embroidery status.
The first embroidery and beautiful silk brocade and juxtaposed, collectively known as "brocade".
This is another indication of the cultural nature of the craft, which combines utility and aesthetics, and its long history.
In the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization, one invention that shines with the light of human wisdom is like a string of jewels that have won the praise of the world. Among them, embroidery is at the forefront, which is based on the discovery and utilization of "silk" and developed, which not only enriched and enriched people's material life, but also a high level of spiritual enjoyment.
From sewing to embroidery as a handicraft, embroidery is developed on the basis of general sewing. From threading a needle to sewing clothes is a great progress of human civilization. Archaeological excavation data proved that as early as 18,000 years ago, China's Paleolithic caveman has been using bone needle sewing animal skin. To the Neolithic era, more than seven thousand years ago, the Hemudu people, not only use bone needle, but also have a textile. Kudzu weaving with patterns was unearthed in the Cao Shoes Mountain site in Wu County, Jiangsu Province, and silk sheets, silk thread, silk ribbons and ramie cloth were unearthed in the Qanshanyang site in Wuxing, Zhejiang Province, proving that silk weaving in China had developed to a new stage.
"Thread in the hands of a loving mother, clothes on the body of a wandering son". China's 3,000-year-long agricultural society has not only established the idea of agriculture as the foundation, but also the system of male farming and female weaving. From a very young age, girls have to learn spinning and weaving and dressmaking and sewing, and embroidery is closely related to this. In the past, in the south of the Yangtze River, such as the Suzhou area, there was a profession called "embroiderer", who taught embroidery to the daughters of wealthy families. They not only embroidered their own dowries, but also made many crafts with embroidery (such as purses and scarves) to give to the man's friends and relatives when they got married. Therefore, embroidery has become a measure of the bride's dexterity.
There is a ditty called "Embroidered purse" in folk songs around China, which is to say: a young young woman at home, suddenly heard the dog barking, someone sent a letter from her husband who was out of the house, asking her to embroider a purse to wear. She then went to the goods man with joyful eagerness, buying silk and choosing threads, stories of gods and goddesses and the beauty of the world. ...She almost wanted to embroider all the humanities of China into the purse to send her love to her husband. By the time she finishes embroidering the purse bag, the sky is light and the messenger has arrived. The story is not twisted, but the feelings are natural and sincere. For thousands of years, Chinese folk embroidery is based on this development.
The origin of Chinese textile technology can be traced back to the late Paleolithic period. Silkworm reeling and weaving appeared a little later in the Neolithic era, that is, about 7,000 to 8,000 years ago. The Emperor's Chart Records: "Fuxi silk worm, Xiling's first silkworm." Fuxi and Xiling's are both figures in ancient legends, and in the myths and legends of Xiling's daughter, Yellow Emperor's wife, Rayon is the creator of the method of raising silkworms and treating silk. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty, she was worshipped as the "first silkworm" (Silkworm God). The book "Classic of Mountains and Seas" records: "The field of Ou Si, in the east of the Great Heel, a woman kneels according to the tree silk." Deduction of history - the emperor within the classic "is" Huang Di chopped Chiyu, silkworm God offer silk, is said to weave the work of Wei "record. 1926 in Shanxi Xiaxian Xiyin village ash Ridge Neopalaeolithic site, found to be basically intact, but after cutting the cocoon of the domestic silkworm. These legends and objects, explaining the primitive society silkworm reeling and weaving. Reeling silk is the premise of embroidery, with the further development of social productivity, primitive society gradually transformed into a slave society, a variety of rituals in the presiding officer of the dress above, embroidered with a variety of colors and patterns of different patterns, so there is " the beauty of the embroidery ". The Taiping Yuban" on the quote "Taigong six Tao" said: "Xia Jie Shang Zhou time, women embroidered text leaning on the sitting food, clothing with damask dude often three hundred people", indicating that the scale of embroidery has been considerable. Legend has it that there was a skillful craftsman in the time of Yu and Shun, who "worked on embroidering the gods and goddesses of the mountains". The Book of Books" in the "Yu Shu - Yiji chapter" fake Yu emperor said: "I want to look at the image of the ancients, the sun, moon, stars, mountains, dragons and insects will be, Zongyi algae and fire powder and rice embroidery, to the five colors in the five colors, for the clothes." Will that is painted; Zong Yi, refers to Yu Shun embroidered tiger Zun, Zun; algae that is algae; fire that is flame inflammation; powder rice, powder such as corn ice, rice such as polymeter; , ancient dress embroidered like an axe-shaped pattern, the color of half-black and half-white; ancient dress on the back of two bows of the pattern, the color of half-green and half-black; embroidery, refers to the embroidery on the fine kudzu. This shows that people have used the natural world, the animal world of the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountain dragons, Chinese insects painted on the clothes, to daily life in the use of Zongyi, algae, fire, powder rice, as embroidery patterns. These symbols were adopted by successive emperors in the feudal society and added to the form of the coronet. The book of "Poetry", "Tang Feng", "Qin Feng", "Bin Feng", contains: "vegetarian Zhu embroidery", "clothes embroidered clothes", "study clothes embroidered clothes", etc., which not only describes the gorgeous embroidered clothes worn by Guizhou at that time, but also gives an overview of the general development of the embroidery craft at that time. Zhou Dynasty has been "painting and embroidery work * * * its job also" said. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, Qing Xu two states (now Shandong) has "thousands of miles of mulberry and hemp", "the world of crowns, belts, clothes and shoes," said. With the prevalence of textile printing and dyeing industry, the embroidery process came into being and was developed accordingly. Guanzi "light and heavy B" said that "a woman must have a knife, a vertebra, a needle, a (long needle)"; Mozi also said: women work in the literary arts, the field of work carving and cutting."" Needle" and "needle" are tools for sewing and embroidery, and "literacy" means painting and embroidery. In addition, in the Records of the Grand Historian, there is also: "King Zhuang of Chu had a favorite horse, clothed in embroidered clothes, placed under the Chinese house", which is another proof that dyeing and embroidery were already popular among the upper class. Surviving embroidery objects, currently found in Baoji Western Zhou Jing Ji tomb unearthed in the braided strand embroidery debris, and Changsha Martyrs Park, two pieces of embroidered dragons and phoenixes unearthed in the tomb of the Warring States Mukou, tomb No. 3 unearthed in the braided strand embroidery of the four pieces, as well as 406 found in the tomb of the embroidery of silk debris. In recent years in hubei jiangling, henan xinyang and other places also have new archaeological discovery, especially jiangling mashan brick factory one chu tomb unearthed embroidered dragon embroidered phoenix silk coverlet, white silk embroidered phoenix coverlet, embroidered dragon embroidered phoenix tiger royale, embroidered phoenix brocade clothing, as well as scented pouch, mirror set, pillow bag, baggage and other embroidery, pattern more dragons, phoenixes, tigers, snakes, and go pattern, flowers, geometric shapes, figures and so on. The image of flying and robust, vivid and smooth, the extremely valuable, long-established embroidery. Embroidery is not easy to save. We can now see the Yin Shang and Western Zhou period of embroidery, is adhered to the traces of the soil, silk fabric patterns and embroidery can be seen vaguely, that embroidered with a single line of the pattern is the use of "braided strands" of the needlework. Warring States period of embroidery, on the excavated objects have been very complex. 1982 Hubei Jiangling Mashan Chu tomb unearthed embroidered coverlet (quilt) and Zen (single) clothes, embroidered with dragons, phoenixes, tigers and flowers, etc., the pattern of distinct layers, interlaced, very vivid. Although the main use of the "braided strand" stitch, its expressive power has significantly improved
The Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty embroidery techniques have been greatly developed. Bai Juyi's poem "Qinzhongyin" reads, "The rich girl in the red building is embroidered in gold." Tang Cui Lingqin, "the record of the Church", said: the Kaiyuan performances "Sheng Shou music" dance clothes, are embroidered with large arena flowers. Su osprey "Du Yang miscellany" contains: with the Chang Princess when she got married, there is a god embroidered quilt, embroidered on the mandarin ducks three thousand, and between the exotic flowers and grasses. According to legend, Xuanzong's court, for Yang Guifei one person weaving strange brocade, embroidered dresses and skirts as many as 700 workers. With the wide spread of Buddha, many feudal landlords competed to build Buddha statues, copying and praising Buddhist scriptures, in a bid to become a Buddha and enjoy a peaceful life forever. This influence also penetrated into the embroidery craft inside the field. Du Yang Miscellaneous Editions: "Yongzhen yuan year (805 AD) the South China Sea Tribute to the strange woman Lu Meiniang, can be embroidered on a foot of silk Dharma Sutra seven volumes." There are three records of embroidering Buddha in the Collected Works of Bai Le Tian. Du Fu's poem also has: "Su Jin Changzhai embroidered Buddha before" line. The above literature shows that the development of China's embroidery technology to the Tang Dynasty, has been embroidered by the general taking of various rules on the embroidery of flowers, birds, grasses and insects, and so on, advancing to close to the purely appreciative embroidery character embroidery. Tang embroidery gold and silver, beads and color and color technology is also very high. From the recent discovery of Shaanxi Fufeng County Fahmen Temple Palace hidden embroidered dress, embroidered robes and other embroidery, can also be glimpsed at the time of embroidery techniques. It should also be mentioned here that Liang Zhang Rui wrote "Embroidery Fugue", which describes the excellent tradition and high skill of embroidery. The opening paragraph reads, "Seek the ingenuity of creation, solid decoration in the work of a hundred, contumely, not the first to be embroidered." He said in the description of the production process of embroidery: "If the view of its construction, with its according to put, tortoise and dragon for the text, the gods and fairies into the image. Total five colors and extreme thinking, borrowing Luo dude and think." This is a literary form of Zhimen praise embroidery of the good name of the motto. Zhang rate to his unique emotional language of art, strongly praised the embroidery of the world's superb and the expression of the reality of the content: "with the appearance of all things, all the shape of the form, both Jinhua and thick color, but also dense light and sparse, if the spring sermon of the flowers, mixed with the pine and the right of the fragrance." The valuable thing is, he also satirized those who take these silk embroidery, "Handan's daughter, Wanluo teenager", "looking at the shadow of self-flattering, peephole self-pity, extremely car and horse of the light ornaments, all the clothes of the flirtatious" to accentuate the embroidery of the fine arts, sympathy and praise, dedicated to the folk artists engaged in the embroidery.
The "Embroidery Fugue" can be said to be from a side, artfully recorded the high achievement and influence of the embroidery
Opened to my own dizzy Le!
In short - the history of the development of the embroidery industry is: hand embroidery - locomotive embroidery - computerized embroidery
A variety of embroidery machinery:
bead embroidery, rope embroidery, towel embroidery, flat embroidery and other sewing equipment