So, for sugar lovers, including their families, there should be a basic knowledge and understanding of diabetes, the normal standard of blood sugar, the symptoms of complications and how to help patients to keep their blood sugar stable, so as to be able to detect the signs of problems in advance, and to avoid the risk of occurrence. That's why today I'm going to tell you about blood glucose standards, the symptoms of abnormal blood glucose, what habits are not conducive to blood glucose stabilization, and how to control your blood glucose.
Blood glucose, as the name suggests, is glucose in the blood, glucose is the body's main source of energy, and the body's blood can deliver glucose to all corners of the body, each cell, so as to maintain normal physiological activities. However, it is not the glucose delivered to the cells can be used, but need the role of insulin can be utilized, so once the body's insulin is insufficient, or the emergence of insulin resistance, then it will lead to high blood glucose, and will continue to suffer from diabetes.
So if you want to know if you are suffering from diabetes, or blood sugar is not normal, we have to look at the hospital test indicators, but those indicators are normal? Faced with a lot of test items, how to analyze it? How to read the blood sugar test report?
Generally speaking, we look at the blood sugar is to look at the fasting and two hours after meals, here to note that the fasting refers to more than 8 hours without food, fasting is generally in the 3.9-6.1mmol / L, and two hours after meals, blood glucose is less than 7.8mmol / L. This check is a lot of people in the home with a glucose meter can be done, this simple way of checking the blood glucose is mainly used for diabetes screening, and if the indicators are abnormal, it is not necessary to check the blood glucose level. Screening, if the indicators appear abnormal should go to the hospital for professional examination and diagnosis, and make the corresponding inspection report, then these inspection reports should be how to see it?
Fasting glucose and two-hour postprandial glucose
The normal value of fasting glucose is 3.9-6.1mmol/L, and two-hour postprandial glucose is 3.9-7.8mmol/L. The glucose value will be increased if there is an abnormality in the secretion of insulin or if there is an insulin resistance, but there are other situations where it will be elevated, for example, if there is a pancreatitis, it will be elevated if there is an abnormality in the secretion of insulin or if there is a pancreatitis. pancreatitis can be elevated.
In addition, a normal person with blood glucose below 2.8 mmol/L and a diabetic with blood glucose below 3.9 mmol/L are considered hypoglycemic and should be treated promptly.
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c for short)
Because glucose combines with hemoglobin and appears, this indicator is used to assess the average blood glucose situation in the last 2-3 months, which is the gold indicator of diabetes control. However, there are special cases, such as fasting glucose control is very good, but the postprandial glucose indicator is higher, resulting in the average blood glucose is not high, but in fact excessive fluctuations in blood glucose, also prone to lead to complications.
In addition, the same type of test there is a glycated albumin, which is reflected in the 2-3 weeks of blood glucose control, mostly used to monitor short-term changes in blood glucose, it is standardized to 11-16%, but this indicator by the body protein metabolism is more affected by the patient's renal disease, if the patient has a kidney disease, thyroid disease, prone to large errors, so the clinical use is not much.
Glucose tolerance test (English abbreviation OGTT)
This is generally three, respectively, 50 grams, 75 grams, 100 grams of glucose tolerance test, generally commonly used 75 glucose tolerance test, 50 grams and 100 grams are mostly used for pregnant women to check gestational diabetes.
Although the amount of glucose taken is different, but the testing process is the same, generally fasting for 10 hours, the first draw fasting blood, and then after drinking sugar water (sugar water in 5 minutes to drink) 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours to draw blood for testing, but also some health care institutions do not check the indicators of the 3 hours.
75 grams of glucose tolerance test indicator is, 2 hours after drinking sugar water or any point in time, the blood glucose value more than 11.1mmol / L, can be considered suspected diabetes, and then choose another time to test, if still high, it can be diagnosed; if 2 hours later, less than 11.1mmol / L, but higher than 7.8mmol / L, is considered impaired glucose tolerance.
50 grams of glucose tolerance test, 1 hour after the pregnant woman takes sugar water, if the blood glucose is more than 7.8 mmol / L is said to be possible gestational diabetes.
The 100 gram glucose tolerance test, also used to diagnose gestational diabetes, is essentially the same as the 75 gram.
Some health care providers measure insulin secretion along with glucose tolerance, which is more helpful in understanding the patient's condition.
The main manifestation of diabetes is high blood glucose, but if high blood glucose is not necessarily diabetes, it may also be prediabetes, which is a state between normal and diabetes, according to statistics, if not controlled, in the next two years, half of the patients with prediabetes will turn to diabetes. In the pre-diabetic stage, people can change their diet and lifestyle, and even by taking medication, there is a chance to delay or reverse the onset of diabetes.
In addition, hyperglycemia can also be caused by other diseases, or take drugs appear, such as have liver disease, cirrhosis of the liver led to liver sugar storage abnormalities caused by, or have an acute infection, stroke, trauma, hyperthyroidism, etc., or take diuretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones, contraceptives and so on may affect the blood sugar metabolism, resulting in hyperglycemia.
Symptoms that occur with high blood sugar are relatively common, such as frequent urination, easy thirst and hunger, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and so on, although there are some people who do not have any obvious symptoms at all, which can be easily overlooked.
Hypoglycemia in people with diabetes is more dangerous than hyperglycemia because it can be life-threatening if it is not treated immediately.
Hypoglycemia occurs in people with diabetes for a number of reasons, such as too tight control of blood glucose, eating too few carbohydrates or eating too late; taking a large amount of medication or insulin injections or using insulin too early; exercising a lot without eating; drinking alcohol on an empty stomach, and so on.
Symptoms of hypoglycemia include palpitations, cold sweats, dizziness, shaking hands, extreme hunger, weakness and unsteadiness, anxiety and irritability. Generally speaking, as the degree of blood glucose lowering increases, the symptoms of hypoglycemia are more serious, if it is lower than 28.mmol / L, there may be drowsiness, slurred speech, or even coma, which is a very serious situation, if the patient is awake should be supplemented with sugar as soon as possible, and if not awake should be sent to the hospital for treatment immediately.
In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes in the population has a tendency to younger, so controlling blood sugar is not only the topic of sugar lovers, but everyone needs to face the problem, but most people just understand is by restricting the diet to control sugar, but often ignored the fact that in fact in the day-to-day quite a lot of habits can also lead to elevated blood glucose, so it is recommended that people pay attention to the following 5 kinds of bad habits, try to avoid, so that can help us lower blood sugar, away from diabetes or to prevent the condition from worsening and complications.
1, drink too much sugary drinks
If there is no control of drinking sugary drinks or fruit juice, it may lead to blood glucose for a long time to remain high, may be said that fruit juice is not nutritious to the human body good? But the problem is that too much is not enough, the sugar content of fruit juice is relatively high, if excessive drinking then it may cause harm to the human body. A cup of 300ml or so of fruit juice and cola, the sugar content is relatively close, are close to 30 grams of sugar. In addition, there are some hidden sugars in our diet, such as adding honey and salad dressings to food, which have more sugar, and some porridges may also have added sugar. So try to avoid eating out or choose less processed food, try to choose plain water for thirst, and if you want to add flavor, choose sugar-free tea or sugar-free coffee.
2, sedentary lack of exercise
Sedentary lack of exercise will make people fat, and obese people will be insulin resistance, in addition, sedentary circulation is relatively poor, metabolism is not good, which is also prone to lead to elevated levels of blood sugar. It is understood that the WHO has proposed as long as the movement is helpful to health, why? It is because now sedentary, exercise less and more people.
3, stay up late, not enough sleep
The human body is very sensitive, if you sleep less than 6 hours a day, the metabolism will be affected, blood sugar is not easy to control. And poor sleep will lead to the body to produce a strong sense of hunger, this consequence can be imagined, so whether young or not, do not stay up late.
4, do not eat breakfast
Do not eat breakfast seems to be very common, in order to study or work, so many reasons. However, once a long-term habit, it will lead to unstable blood sugar, wait until lunch and because too hungry, can not help but consume too much food, blood sugar ups and downs fluctuations, produce a vicious circle.
5, often eat snacks
General do not recommend that we eat snacks at night, unless there may be hypoglycemia, generally eat snacks too late, will lead to the night or the morning of the high blood glucose, in addition to snacks are greasy food, is not conducive to the health and stability of blood glucose. If the diabetic patient is worried about their night hypoglycemia, you can first observe the blood glucose, according to the blood glucose situation to adjust, if you need to eat, then choose a slower glycemic food, such as soy milk, milk, but also conducive to sleep.
Diabetes is an extremely complex disease, even if one has a family history of diabetes, may not develop diabetes, therefore, the establishment of a good life pattern, avoid the above bad habits, diabetes prevention and treatment are very beneficial!
1, first of all, to monitor their own blood glucose, which is conducive to keeping blood glucose values within the target range, and can give guidance on diet, exercise, and medication. Monitoring blood glucose to prepare their own a blood glucose meter, preferably produced by a large factory, need to check their own blood glucose many times a day. So how about frequency times?
If blood glucose control is unstable, it is recommended to check three to four times a day, mainly at times when blood glucose fluctuates greatly, such as after meals; if pre-meal blood glucose has been good, then you can measure postprandial blood glucose more often; if blood glucose control is good, you can even check three to four times a week. Good control, the recommended interval measurement method, such as measured after breakfast, then do not measure after lunch, you can measure dinner, the next day do not measure after breakfast and dinner, only after lunch; every two weeks to test the nighttime blood glucose, to avoid having nighttime hypoglycemia.
2, follow the doctor's instructions to take medication, insulin injection, diabetic patients are often unable to control blood sugar through diet and exercise, which requires medication to play a role, but the safety of medication must listen to the doctor, including their own can not be arbitrarily increased or decreased the amount of medication, there is a need to consult with the doctor, to avoid the risk of medication.
3, weight loss, according to the study of obese people if you can reduce the weight of about 5-10%, then it can improve the situation of high blood sugar, mainly to reduce the insulin resistance, improve the insulin sensitivity.
4, staple food to pick high fiber, choose whole grains, mixed grains, oats and other staples, these staple foods are rich in high fiber, can delay the absorption, enhance the sense of satiety, to avoid the rapid rise in blood sugar.
5, intake of sugar in moderation, with diabetes many people do not eat sugar, do not eat staples, in fact, this is also very dangerous, easy to lead to ketoacidosis, control of blood glucose need to choose the right food, control the total amount of sugar, so that it is healthy and nutritious.
6, supplemental minerals, certain foods containing chromium, zinc, magnesium, calcium help insulin play a role in regulating blood sugar, these minerals are found in nuts, vegetables, whole grains.
7, regular exercise, this everyone knows, exercise can increase insulin sensitivity, help muscles absorb glucose in the blood.