Structure of the paper: title, abstract, key words, introduction, literature review, own theoretical hypothesis, description of experiment or data source, data analysis process, conclusion, future research prospect and references.
Question 2: How to write a management paper? Where are you going to write your thesis? Did the teacher approve the topic? Is there an outline for the teacher to see the writing direction? Did the teacher tell you which direction to write the paper? Be sure to write an outline before writing a paper, and let the teacher determine the framework to avoid big changes in the process of revising the paper in the future! ! Pay attention to the format requirements and writing specifications of the school, otherwise it is likely to be returned for revision. If you still don't understand or know nothing, you can ask me. I hope you can graduate smoothly and move towards a new life. How to write the outline of graduation thesis is actually the outline we need to write a composition in middle school. Writing an outline of graduation thesis mainly provides us with ideas for writing a thesis and lists the framework of the thesis, which is convenient for us to write a thesis in the future. Whether you can choose the right topic is related to the success or failure of the whole graduation thesis writing. Just like walking, the tenth step is decisive, and the direction of the first step needs careful consideration. Otherwise, you may take many detours, take many twists and turns, or even do the opposite, making it difficult to reach your destination. Guiding students to choose a topic should follow two basic principles: the first is the value principle, that is, the topic of the paper should be valuable. The value of a paper can be divided into value and value. When choosing a topic, the application value should be given priority. The graduation thesis written by students is not a meaningless "air-to-air" word game, but comes from reality and serves it. The second is the principle of feasibility. Subjective and objective conditions should be fully considered when selecting topics. The objective conditions are mainly the time, place and environment of writing; Subjective conditions include the author's talent, knowledge and materials. When choosing a topic for graduation thesis, students must consider their own subjective and objective conditions and do what they can. It is to choose those topics that are objectively needed and subjectively capable of completing. (2) the collection of guidance materials is the flesh and blood of the article, and writing an article cannot be without materials. If the graduation thesis lacks detailed materials, it will be "empty talk, nothing to say" and "as thin as a beggar" as Comrade * * once criticized stereotyped Party writing. The first one comes from life. People's colorful life practice is an inexhaustible source of article writing. Instructors should guide them to absorb writing materials from their own work practice and their own "life warehouse". The second one comes from books, including various materials, newspapers and magazines. Books are the best teachers in life. If writers can often ask books for advice, the material of articles will be as endless as "flowing water from the source". Instructors usually read widely, browse various newspapers and find useful information, which can be recommended to students. Collect information by yourself. The instructor can guide the students to make a catalogue of collected materials first. For the investigation materials, they can make a catalogue by time, place and object. If it is a document, the catalogue can be arranged according to the title and date of issue. We should focus on collecting first-hand information, and second-hand information should be found out and the original works should be checked. (3) Guiding ideas is to establish the theme of the article. Theme is the core of the article, the "soul" and "commander in chief" of the article. The quality and value of an article are mainly measured by its theme. Guiding students' conception should follow the following principles: First, it meets the needs of reality and embodies the spirit. The article is a product of the times and a reflection of reality, and its theme should reflect the characteristics and direction of that era. Therefore, graduation thesis should firmly grasp the pulse of the times and answer the sharpest, most urgent and most realistic questions raised by the times in order to promote social development. Second, reflect the essence of objective things. The article is an understanding and reflection of objective things, but it does not reflect reality mechanically like a mirror, but reflects some essence of objective things and reveals their inner essence. Third, we must have original opinions. Only original opinions can inspire, excite and benefit people. (4) guiding the layout of the article The so-called layout of the article is to consider and arrange the overall structure of the article. Structure is the skeleton of the article. Determine the theme, select materials, and then set the framework of the article. The basic requirements of the layout structure are: (1) arranging the structure around the theme; (2) There should be a clear and definite hierarchy; (3) Be complete and rigorous. Instructors should guide students to arrange the structure reasonably according to the content of the article, so as to be central, hierarchical, round, focused, rigorous and natural, and full of changes. (V) Guiding the drafting work ..... >>
Question 3: How to write a management paper? I can manage for you.
Academic papers are argumentative in form, but they are different from ordinary argumentative papers. It must have its own theoretical system, not just a list of materials. To raise perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, we need to analyze and study a large number of facts and materials. Generally speaking, academic papers are argumentative or argumentative. The content of the paper must conform to historical materialism and materialist dialectics, and to the scientific research methods of "seeking truth from facts", "aiming at the target" and "analyzing and synthesizing".
laxation
It means to express scientific truth in plain language, not only literally, but also accurately, vividly, harmoniously and vividly.
professionality
It is the main symbol to distinguish different types of papers and the main basis for paper classification.
Question 4: What kind of management, economy, enterprise, engineering or human resources? You can write the article 734447280.
Question 5: How to write a management paper (similar to reading a report) 2 1 the new trend of human resource management in the century.
Abstract: The key to economic competition in 2 1 century is talent competition. Therefore, talent management will be deepened and developed, and become the core of enterprise management system. Modern management science will develop into a "human" science. Only by attaching importance to everyone and respecting everyone's value and contribution can we give full play to everyone's enthusiasm. Therefore, exploring the new characteristics of people in enterprise management system and understanding the changing trend of people will be the basis for changing management concepts, strengthening people-oriented management, meeting the challenges of the times and forming competitive advantages. This paper analyzes and studies the new orientation of "human nature" hypothesis in corporate culture facing 2 1 century; The formation of "grey collar stratum" supporting the sustainable development of enterprise system: the basic concept of the new "people-oriented management" model includes three parts.
Keywords: enterprise system; People-oriented management; Gray collar class; Under the three-dimensional management mode
Drucker said: the so-called enterprise management, in the final analysis, is the management of people and is synonymous with enterprise management. In the era of industrial economy, material capital and capital are the core of enterprise operation. With the continuous improvement of labor complexity in human society, the role of human capital is becoming more and more prominent, so the position of human resource management in enterprise management is becoming more and more prominent. Since 1990s, due to a series of external factors such as information technology, there have been some new development trends in human resource management mode.
Facing the 2 1 century, science and technology are changing with each passing day, and knowledge economy is coming. The competition between world economy and comprehensive national strength is essentially the competition between science and technology and national quality. Whoever has talents in the new era will be in a strategic initiative position in the competition of 2 1 century. Therefore, the vigorous development of modern management science shows the far-reaching influence of people-oriented management philosophy. People-oriented management will be the core of enterprise management, and management science will develop to "human" science. Paying attention to people's value and contribution and giving full play to people's enthusiasm, intelligence and creativity have become the core of enterprise strategic thinking and the focus of enterprise human resource management theory research. Therefore, the enterprise management system needs to understand the changes of "people" with the development of management science, explore the position and value of people in the management system, grasp the development trend of human resources, and correctly apply the principles of "people-oriented management" and "knowledge management" [1] to adapt to the increasingly complex market environment, participate in fierce market competition, make rapid responses and form strong competitive strength.
1, the concepts of "innovative person" and "cultural person" in the era of knowledge economy
Throughout the development of management science, management science has expanded from the study of "physics" to the study of "things", and then to the discussion of "people", and recently proposed to study "people", that is, to study people's knowledge system, innovation ability and other activities. It can be seen that the assumptions about people's status and humanity also change accordingly. (See table 1)
Development of management science Traditional management science management behavior science modern management science management improves efficiency, incentive mechanism, economic benefit, sustainable development, management focus, physics, rationality, humanity and things, humanity, hypothesis, robot, economic man, social man, complex man, decision-maker and innovator in corporate culture. Traditional management, which regards people as machine appendages, has been replaced by "social people" in behavioral science and gradually developed into "complex people and decision makers" in management science. Due to the fierce international competition environment, it is finally an economic environment for outstanding talents to compete. At the same time, the integration and regionalization of the world economy have intensified the cultural collision of different values and beliefs, and prompted the management activities of enterprise systems to cross national borders and operate in different civilized regions. Therefore, managers who are good at making decisions based on data models can't make customers more satisfied, and even don't know how to stimulate employees' enthusiasm, initiative and innovation [2]. Therefore, modern management science will inevitably turn to the management mode of "strategy and culture" and put forward the hypothesis of "humanity" of "innovative people" and "cultural people". This change coincides with Mr. Cüneyt's early division of human talents into three levels (technical talents at the lower level, personnel talents at the intermediate level and ideological talents at the higher level). ) the theory coincides with mine; Just like Ben Su Ming. Brim divides human ability into three areas: ① cognitive range; ② emotional range; ③ Psychological dynamic range; [3] There are many similarities. The cognitive scope includes the memory or cognition of knowledge, the development of understanding ability and technology; Emotional range includes xing ... >>
Question 6: What is the standard format of management papers?
Content and order of the paper
The content and order of the paper are generally: cover, graduation design task book, Chinese abstract, English abstract, table of contents, paper body, thanks, references and appendix.
Content requirements
The topic should properly and accurately reflect the research content of the topic. Thesis topics generally do not exceed 25 Chinese characters.
Abstract and keywords
abstract
It is a brief statement of graduation design (thesis), with no comments, independent and self-sufficient. Summarizing the contents, methods, viewpoints, achievements and conclusions of the design (paper) should reflect the essence of the whole content. Requirements are generally not less than 300 Chinese characters.
key word
Keywords are the subject entries of retrieval, and general technical entries that can cover the main contents of the paper should be adopted. Generally, 3-5 keywords are listed.
catalogue
The contents of the paper should include the titles and page numbers of all chapters in the paper, including the following contents:
The title of the text chapter (required to be written in the third-level title, that is, X.X.X In the top box of the title, the second-level title is indented by one box, and the third-level title is indented by another box. ) including the conclusion.
Paper text
The main body of the paper includes introduction, text and conclusion.
foreword
Introduction is generally considered as the first chapter. The introduction should generally include: the academic background of this research topic and its theoretical and practical significance; Literature review at home and abroad (or just domestic situation); Research progress and achievements in related fields, shortcomings or problems to be further studied and solved; The main research content of this topic.
Paper text
The text of the thesis is the main part of the graduation design thesis, which should be reasonable in structure, clear in organization, focused, concise and smooth. The content can be different according to the disciplines, topics and research methods involved in the research, generally including the research object, theoretical principles and methods, design methods and results, calculation methods and results, experimental and observation methods, instruments and equipment, raw materials, experimental and observation results, data, processed charts, arguments formed and conclusions drawn. It is required to be realistic, objective and true, accurate and reasonable, clear-cut, concise and easy to read.
The main contents of this paper should include the following aspects:
The overall scheme design and type selection demonstration of this research content;
The design and calculation of each part of this research (including hardware and software);
Processing and analysis of experimental results and data;
conclusion
The conclusion includes the summary of the whole graduation project (thesis), including the comparison between the achievements and the existing achievements, the existing problems, and the opinions and suggestions for further research. The conclusion reflects the author's research results and expresses the author's views on the research topic, which is the ideological essence of the full text and the embodiment of the value of the article. The conclusion should be general and short.
The conclusion of graduation design thesis is written separately as the last chapter of the thesis, but there is no chapter number.
refer to
The descriptions of the references are arranged in the order cited in the text, and listed at the back of the full text, and the corresponding positions in the text are marked with superscript reference contribution numbers. Total number of references: no less than 20 papers, no less than 10 design papers, and generally there should be foreign language references.
Express gratitude/gratitude
For those who have direct help in the process of research and thesis writing, thank you in short words, and the content should be simple and clear, seeking truth from facts. This is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for the work of others, and it is the ideological style that scholars should have.
I hope it helps you.
Question 7: Experience of reading the management paper "Details Decide Success or Failure" After reading Mr. Wang Zhongqiu's book "Details Decide Success or Failure", I was deeply touched. The book says, "We see the success of others, but seldom pay attention to their intentions in management details!" " Yes, we ordinary people, many days, are obviously doing some small things, afraid that small things can't be done well and small things can't be done in place. The reality of today's society is that too many people always despise small things and the details of things, and are confident that "since God has given talents, let them be employed!" , spin one thousand silver, all back! "Always blindly believe that" the sky will fall for the people of Sri Lanka ",but I don't know that everything is not easy to succeed in my post. But some people think that you can only do great things when you are a big official, or you just want to do great things. In the end, they certainly can't do great things. Because they have their own responsibilities and concerns. What should be done cannot be done, and what should be done cannot be done, which will inevitably lead to chaos. Therefore, only by managing small things well and achieving great things, it is important to do every small thing well in front of us. The so-called success is to make extraordinary persistence in the ordinary and develop a serious and meticulous work attitude for a long time. Specifically, nothing is trivial, and simplicity does not mean easy. Only by making great efforts and doing small things in detail can things be done well. Just as there is no unique skill in Wushu, there is no unique skill in solving problems, handling affairs, planning projects and managing units in life and work. The so-called unique skills are piled up with meticulous efforts. A lot of work is the repetition of trivial, complicated and trivial things, so we can only start from the grassroots, not arrogant and impetuous. There is a famous saying in the west: "Rome was not built in a day", so can we say "Wan Li Great Wall was not built in a day?" As a result, impetuousness was replaced by practicality, and impulse was persuaded by reason. This is an indispensable foundation for achieving great things. There is no shortage of great strategists in the works, but outstanding executors; There is no shortage of all kinds of rules and regulations. What is lacking is the implementation of rules and regulations to the letter. To make a unit's performance stronger and better depends on every manager and the improvement of every policeman's quality. Punishment is of course necessary. Leaders and ordinary policemen should be treated equally, but the key is our mentality. People's mentality determines their fate, and the mentality of managers and police also determines the fate of a unit. If our leaders, managers and police officers can change from passive mentality to active mentality, and take obeying the law and loving their jobs as their mission, then the quality of our police officers will be improved. Therefore, only by studying, studying and studying again can we give everyone who wants to learn a chance to learn, which is one of the contents that any procuratorial culture is worth promoting. Doing things seriously only means doing things right, and doing things with your heart can do things well. In this era when details prevail, everything is done rather than shouted out, especially ordinary policemen in their jobs, who should pay more attention to details. An unexpected event may lead to failure, and a long-neglected problem may lead to crisis. Every big problem has a series of small problems. If you love your job, you will strive to be perfect every day, and soon everyone around you will be infected by this enthusiasm, so show your perfect self! Reprinted website: bbs.5460/...86 1436. I hope the information provided will be helpful to you!
Question 8: Management papers? On the application of incentive theory in enterprise management Abstract: Incentive theory is an indispensable branch of contemporary management and plays an important guiding role in management practice. This paper introduces several typical incentive theories, and probes into their enlightenment to enterprise management. Finally, it summarizes three commonly used incentive methods in enterprise management. Keywords: motivation; Incentive theory; Incentive mode 1, incentive theory The root causes of incentives can be divided into internal and external causes. The internal cause is composed of people's cognitive knowledge, and the external cause is the environment in which people live. In order to guide people's behavior to achieve the purpose of motivation, managers can create conditions to promote the satisfaction of these needs on the basis of understanding people's needs, and can also change the personal action environment by taking measures. Demand and people's intrinsic motivation and environmental stimulation. A variety of specific incentive theories have been formed, which can be generally divided into incentive demand theory and incentive process theory. 1. 1 Need Theory of Motivation (1) Need Hierarchy Theory. Maslow published the book Theory of Human Motivation in 1943, and put forward the famous hierarchy of needs theory. He believes that people have five levels of needs: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, belonging needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. These five levels are gradually formed and reached from low to high. Physiological needs and security needs are called lower-level needs, while social needs, home needs, respect needs and self-realization needs are called higher-level needs. (2) Two-factor theory. The two-factor theory was put forward by American behavioral scientist Herzberg. In the late 1950s, Herzberg and his assistant visited 200 engineers and accountants in Pittsburgh, USA. The interview mainly revolves around two questions: what are the things that satisfy you at work and how long this positive emotion will last; What are the things that make them dissatisfied? Estimate how long this negative emotion will last. Based on the answers to these questions, Herzberg set out to study what makes people feel happy and satisfied at work, and what causes unhappiness and dissatisfaction. As a result, he found that what satisfied employees belonged to the work itself or the work content; What makes employees dissatisfied is the working environment or working relationship. He called the former an incentive factor and the latter a health care factor. Health factors are related to working conditions and working environment, including company policies and management, supervision, salary, colleague relationship, working environment, interpersonal factors and so on. Incentive factors refer to factors suitable for personal psychological growth, including achievement, appreciation, work itself, sense of responsibility, self-motivation and so on. Research shows that not all needs can stimulate people's enthusiasm, and only those needs called incentive factors can stimulate people's enthusiasm when they are met. Lack of health care factors will bring strong dissatisfaction, but when health care factors are met, they will not bring strong incentives. 2.2 process theory of motivation (1) fairness theory. The theory of fairness was put forward by American psychologist Adams. The basic content of fairness theory includes three aspects: ① Fairness is the motivation of motivation. According to the fairness theory, whether people can be motivated depends not only on what they get, but also on whether what they get is fair with what others get. ② Model of fairness theory (i.e. equation): In the formula of Qp/IP-QO/IO, Qp represents a person's feelings about his reward. Ip represents a person's feelings about what he has done. Qo represents the person's feelings about the return of a comparison object. Io represents people's feelings about the input made by the comparison object. ③ Unfair psychological behavior. When people feel unfair treatment, they will feel distressed and nervous, which will lead to behavioral motivation, work efficiency decline, and even rebellious behavior. (2) Expectation theory. Frum believes that the motivation of an activity depends on the total expected value of the result he can get multiplied by the expected probability that he thinks it will be realized. It can be expressed as: M = V E, where: m-an incentive force refers to the intensity of mobilizing people's enthusiasm and stimulating people's potential. V- target price refers to the value of meeting personal needs after reaching the goal. Expectation refers to the probability of reaching the goal and leading to a certain result based on the subjective judgment of past experience. 2, the inspiration of incentive theory 2. 1 Incentive must consider the needs of employees. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, incentives must consider people's needs, and we will give what others need. This kind of incentive does exist ... >>
Question 9: How to write a master's thesis in management? 9. Analysis on the formation and classification of rights and interests.
8. The significance and ways to reduce product cost.
3. Reasonable application of prudence principle in enterprises.
5. On the necessity and seriousness of setting up accounting subjects.
9. Analysis on the formation and classification of rights and interests.
4. Thinking about the standardization of basic accounting work. The number is my Q. Let me help you.
1. The application of the principle that substance is more important than form in China's accounting management.
1. The application of the principle that substance is more important than form in China's accounting management.
4. Thinking about the standardization of basic accounting work.
Question 10: How to write a management paper?
At present, the better choice of enterprise financial management goal should be to maximize enterprise value (maximize the interests of stakeholders). To achieve this enterprise financial management goal, we must establish a long-term vision, always keep consistent with the overall goal of the enterprise, and consider it in connection with other management goals such as quality and technology.
[Keywords:] financial management; Financial management objectives; enterprise value
abstract
At present, the best choice of the financial management goal of an enterprise should be to maximize the value of the enterprise (to maximize the interests of the relative person). To achieve this enterprise financial management goal, we must establish a long-term perspective, always consistent with the overall goal of the enterprise, and consider it in connection with other management goals such as quality and technology.
Keywords: financial control; Financial control objectives; Enterprise value.
catalogue
Comparative analysis of various financial management objectives
(A) on the maximization of shareholders' rights and interests
(B) on the maximization of enterprise value
Second, the choice of financial objectives of enterprises in China
Third, the influencing factors and countermeasures to achieve the goal
(A) management decision-making factors
(B) external environmental factors
Four. Consideration of related issues
(A) closely cooperate with the overall strategic objectives of the enterprise and make a good financial plan.
(2) Encourage enterprises to maximize the return on investment.
(3) Reasonably improve the efficiency of asset utilization
(D) the correct financial analysis
Comparative analysis of various financial management objectives
(A) on the maximization of shareholders' rights and interests
Represented by the United States. In the United States, most company shareholders are individual shareholders, who do not directly control the company's financial rights, but indirectly influence the company's financial decisions by selling stocks; The salary of professional managers is also directly related to the stock price, so the stock market price has become the most important factor in financial decision-making. The rights and interests of shareholders are also fully reflected through the market price of stocks. Therefore, maximizing shareholders' rights and interests naturally becomes their financial management goal.
In fact, the maximization of shareholders' rights and interests has its shortcomings: first, the maximization of shareholders' rights and interests needs to be realized by maximizing the stock market price. In fact, the factors that affect the change of stock price include not only the business performance of enterprises, but also the financial environment such as investors' psychological expectations, economic policies and political situation. Because of the great volatility, it is easy to maximize shareholders' rights and interests and lose the fair standard and unified objective scale. Second, managers and shareholders often have differences in financial objectives. Third, the maximization of shareholders' rights and interests lacks the due appeal of standardizing enterprise behavior and unifying employees' understanding. The participation of human capital owners in enterprise income distribution not only realizes the rights and interests of human capital owners, but also realizes the transformation of enterprise wealth distribution principle from money owners to wealth creators, which has become the trend of world economic development.
(B) on the maximization of enterprise value
Compared with the financial management goal of maximizing shareholders' wealth, the maximization of enterprise value also fully considers the uncertainty and time value, emphasizes the balance between risk and return, and limits the risk to the range that the enterprise can bear, which has richer connotations: first, create a coordinated relationship between the enterprise and shareholders, and strive to cultivate stable shareholders; Second, create a harmonious working environment, care about the interests of employees and cultivate their sense of identity; Third, strengthen contact with creditors, invite creditors to participate in major financial decisions, and cultivate reliable capital suppliers; ......& gt& gt