In the activated treatment of the surface of the substrate, the plating solution in the metal ions are catalyzed by the process of metal plating layer formation. This is a process involved in most of our process engineering, through such a process to be able to carry out the later plating and other treatments, mostly as a pre-treatment process for plastic parts.
Electroplating
The use of electrolysis in the formation of uniform, dense, well-bonded metal or alloy deposits on the surface of the process, this process is more complicated, but it has many advantages, such as deposition of more types of metal, can be obtained in a variety of colors, compared to the same process is relatively inexpensive.
Electroforming
The process of making or reproducing metal products by electrolytic deposition of metal on a mold (which separates the mold from the metal deposit). This treatment is we require the final product has a special surface effect such as clear and obvious polished and etched lines of separation or special sharp corners, etc., generally use copper as a part of the shape, through the electroplating process means of alloy deposition on its surface, usually the thickness of the deposition of tens of millimeters, and after the shape of the cavity will be cut, respectively, assembled into the cavity of the mold, the injection molded parts, through such a Handling of the parts in the corners and the boundaries of several surfaces will have a special effect to meet the needs of the design, usually we see a lot of electroplating and etching plating effect after the boundaries of high-gloss and etching plating effect of the plastic parts of the quality of the higher requirements are usually used in this way for the design. The angular keypad in the manufacture of electroforming process, then, will achieve a good appearance.
Vacuum platingvacuum plating
Vacuum plating mainly includes vacuum evaporation plating, sputtering plating and ion plating types, they are used in vacuum conditions, through distillation or sputtering and other ways to deposit a variety of metal and non-metallic films on the surface of the plastic parts, through such a way to get a very thin surface plating, and at the same time has a fast adhesion of the prominent advantages. Advantages, but the price is also higher, can be operated on less metal types, generally used for higher-grade products functional plating, such as as internal shielding layer.
Plastic plating ------ Characteristics of plastic plating
Plastic plating products have the characteristics of both plastic and metal. It has small specific gravity, good corrosion resistance, easy molding, metallic luster and metallic texture, as well as conductive, magnetic and welding properties. It can save complicated machining process, save metal materials, and beautiful, decorative, at the same time, it also improves the mechanical strength of plastic Bur. Due to the metal plating on the light, the atmosphere and other external factors have a high degree of stability, and thus the plastic plating metal, can prevent plastic aging, prolong the service life of plastic parts.
With the rapid development of industry, the application of plastic plating is becoming more and more widely used, become one of the important means of surface decoration of plastic products. At present, domestic and foreign has been widely in ABS, polypropylene, polysulfone, polycarbonate, nylon, phenolic glass fiber reinforced plastic, polystyrene and other plastic surfaces for plating, especially ABS plastic plating is the most widely used, plating effect is the best.
Plastic process -------- plastic parts plating the main process flow.
Plastic parts --- mechanical roughing --- chemical degreasing --- chemical roughing
Sensitization treatment --- activation treatment --- reduction treatment --- chemical nickel --- electroplating --- products
The main process of plastic plating
1, chemical degreasing
Preventing the deformation of the plastic, dissolution, should consider the degreasing solution on plastic Adaptability. When using alkaline degreasing solution, attention should be paid to the use of temperature to prevent deformation; degreasing with organic solvents, attention should be paid to whether the phenomenon of dissolving plastic.
2, roughening
In order to improve the bonding strength, it is necessary to increase the contact area between the plating layer and the substrate as much as possible. Roughening method has mechanical roughening method and chemical roughening method two kinds. Mechanical roughening such as sandblasting, roller grinding, grinding with sandpaper. Chemical roughening can quickly make the surface of the workpiece microscopic roughness, roughening layer uniformity, detailed, does not affect the appearance of the workpiece.
3, sensitization treatment The sensitizer commonly used in the industry for the aqueous solution of tin chloride or titanium trichloride.
4, activation treatment The so-called activation treatment, that is, the adsorption of reducing agent parts immersed in a solvent containing oxidizing agent. Generally immersed in aqueous solutions of precious metal salts, so the precious metal ions are reduced to precious metals by the reducing agent, thus forming a precious metal film on the surface of the parts. This layer of precious metal can play an active role in catalyzing, help also known as catalytic membrane, it can accelerate the reduction reaction of chemical plating. Practice shows that silver, palladium and other precious metals have this catalytic ability.
5, reduction reaction After activation of plastic parts, water cleaning, can be chemically plated. Plastic parts for chemical plating before, first in a certain concentration of chemical plating used in the reductant solution immersed in a little, the activator is not washed out of the water to restore, this is the reduction process. Chemical plating of copper, you can first use sodium hypophosphite solution for reduction treatment.
6, chemical plating So far, there are many heavy metals can be deposited from aqueous solution by chemical copper plating. From an economic point of view, chemical copper plating cost is the lowest, so it is widely used. Chemical copper plating layer appearance of copper red, can not be used as a decorative and protective layer, usually used as a non-metallic, printed circuit board holes metallization and other plating to thicken the plating of the conductive layer. Chemical copper plating can only give the plastic parts plated with a layer of conductive source, the layer is very thin. To continue to thicken the other plating layer, the first electroplated copper to thicken the chemical copper plating layer. Copper plating, you can use acidic copper plating, you can also use alkaline copper plating. Plastic parts after copper plating, you can continue to plating other metal plating layer as needed.
Principle of metal spray plating
Metal spray plating, plating surface material in the special spray sink or gun in the melting and atomization, and sprayed to the substrate material, this method of finishing is sometimes called metal spraying. An oxygen-acetylene flame is generally used, but other gases are sometimes used. When the plated wire is automatically fed through the flame center, the wire melts and is simultaneously atomized and sprayed onto the substrate material by a stream of compressed air. Almost any metal that can be made into wire can be sprayed in this way. Another type of spray gun utilizes a powdered material that is sprayed through a flame. The advantage of this method is that it can not only spray plating metal, but also can spray plating metal-ceramic composite materials, oxides and carbide.
Surface Preparation
Because the bond between the plated material obtained by metal spraying and the substrate material is purely mechanical, the substrate material must be properly prepared. so that a good mechanical bond can be obtained. Regardless of the method of surface preparation, the substrate surface must be clean and free of oil.
The most common method of surface preparation is sandblasting. To do this, the grit is sharp enough to produce a really rough surface, and for cylindrical surfaces that can be turned on a lathe, an effective method is to turn very coarse threads and then gently roll the tops of the teeth with a rolling cutter. An improved method, which can be used for flat surfaces, is to cut a series of parallel grooves with a round grooving cutter, and then to rob the prismatic surfaces between the grooves with a knurling cutter. If the plated surface is to be machined, the substrate surface should be prepared by roughing or grooving to get the best preparation.
Applications of metal spray plating
Metal spray plating has many important uses in product design. For example, zinc and aluminum can be sprayed onto steel surfaces to obtain a protective coating for corrosion resistance. Because metal spray plating can be metal spray plating to almost any kind of metal or non-metallic surfaces, it provides a bad conductor or non-conductor surface plating a layer of conductive surface of the simple method, for this reason, often copper or silver spray plating to glass or plastic. Because spray-plated metals can be treated in a variety of ways, such as polishing, brushing, or retaining the spray-plated condition, spray-plated metals can be used as a means of decoration in the product and construction industries.
Plastic stamping
Plastic stamping is one of the important surface decoration means for industrial products (especially light industrial products). Currently in the product design has been developed from the word mold stamping patterns and large-area plate stamping.
Hot stamping is through the hot stamping machine as shown in the figure of the heat source, rubber rollers (or rubber plate), at a certain pressure a hot stamping material (hot stamping foil) on the color aluminum, wood grain, etc. transferred to the surface of the plastic parts, so as to obtain a beautiful pattern, get a good decorative effect of the process. Stamping originated in Europe in the 17th century, when it was only used by the aristocracy for the surface decoration of books and bibles, and the material of its stamping foil was real gold and silver. With the emergence of polyester film, and the emergence of chemical synthetic foil, people turned to the use of inexpensive and beautiful new decorative materials, and it is used for industrial products on the surface of the decorative design.
Features of hot stamping --------------
1, hot stamping good decorative effect hot stamping foil varieties are many, according to the color can be divided into gold, silver and a variety of colorful foils; according to the pattern and the material can be divided into metal foils, wood foils, paint foils and so on. There are also a variety of glossy, matte, silk pattern of single-color, multi-color patterns. The use of these hot stamping foils can increase the decorative effect of the products. The application of metallic foils can be comparable to the metallic feeling of electroplated parts.
2, hot stamping economy is good
Hot stamping is a dry decorative method that does not require wet printing ink or adhesive coating. Plastic parts usually do not need pretreatment; the use of equipment preparation time is short, there is no long time adjustment problem; hot stamping parts can be taken out at any time, transport, no need for drying time; change the color or pattern, as long as the replacement of hot stamping molds and hot stamping foil rolls; the end of the operation, no need to clean the machine. Equipment investment and energy consumption is low, covers an area of small, high efficiency, low production cost, about 1/6 of electroplating.
3, hot stamping is applicable to a wide range of
In addition to thermoplastic plastic-based plastic, thermosetting plastics can be used for hot stamping method hot stamping. In addition, wood, written cloth, leather, textiles, paper, cardboard and painted metal can be smoothly stamping. At present in household appliances products have been widely used in hot stamping process, such as a variety of dial plate cover, sound window, grille, TV, recorders, window air conditioner shell, such as color surface decoration, so that the whole machine to get a metallic luster, line, wood grain and other kinds of decorative effects, in the product is often used for trademarks, patterns, decorative pieces, the effect is very good.
4, hot stamping good adhesion
Hot stamping transfer foil on the decorated plastic parts have high adhesion strength, covered in color and metal layer of protective varnish so that the hot stamping surface to meet the technical specifications required physical and chemical properties, not easy to get up layer off.
5, no pollution
Hot stamping is a dry printing method, compared with painting, plating, metal oxidation and coloring treatment, no pollution, cleanliness and hygiene, greatly improving the environment and working conditions of the operator.
IMD injection molding surface decorative technology
IMD Chinese name: injection molding surface decorative technology that is IMD (In-Mole Decoratiom), IMD is the current international popular surface decorative technology, mainly used in home appliances surface decorative and functional panels, commonly used in cell phone window lenses and shells, washing machine control panel, refrigerator control panels, air conditioning control panels, and the surface decorative and functional panels, commonly used in cell phone windows and shells, washing machine control panels, refrigerator control panels, air conditioning control panels, and the surface decorative and functional panels. It is commonly used in cell phone window lenses and shells, washing machine control panels, refrigerator control panels, air conditioning control panels, automobile instrument panels, rice cooker control panels, panels, logos and other appearance of a variety of fields.
IMD is also divided into IML, IMR, the biggest difference between the two processes is whether the product surface has a layer of transparent protective film.
IML Chinese name: in-mold insert injection molding The process is very significant features: the surface is a layer of hardened transparent film, the middle is the printing pattern layer, the back is the plastic layer, because the ink sandwiched in the middle of the product to prevent the surface from being scratched and abrasion-resistant, and can be maintained for a long time to maintain the color of the distinctive color is not easy to fade.
Chinese name of IMR: in-mold transfer
The process is to print the pattern on the film, through the film feeding machine will be laminated with the film and plastic model cavity for injection molding, injection molding, the pattern of the ink layer and the film is separated from the ink layer stays on the plastic and get the surface of the surface of the plastic with a decorative pattern, there is no layer of transparent film on the surface of the final product, the film is just a carrier of the production process. There is no transparent protective film on the surface of the final product, and the film is just a carrier in the production process. However, the advantage of IMR lies in the high degree of automation in production and the lower cost of mass production.Disadvantages of IMR: the printed pattern layer on the surface of the product, the thickness of only a few microns, the product will easily wear out the printed pattern layer after a period of time, but also easy to fade, resulting in a very unattractive surface. In addition, the new product development cycle is long, development costs are high, the pattern color can not be achieved in small quantities of flexible changes is also the IMR process can not overcome the weaknesses.
First of all, it is necessary to explain the concept:
IMD contains IML, IMF, IMR
IML: IN MOLDING LABEL (printed adhesive and plastic combination)
IMF: IN MOLDING FILM (the same as the IML)
IMR: IN MOLDING ROLLER (focusing on the release layer on the adhesive. PET FILM→printing release agent→printing ink→printing adhesive→injection of internal plastic→ink and plastic adhesion→after opening the mold, the adhesive will automatically release from the ink. It is called thermal transfer in Japan. This machine is operated by ROLL TO ROLL method and the alignment is operated by CCD computer.
The most fundamental difference between Lml and LMR is;
IML and IMR are different in lens surface, IML has PET or PC sheet on the surface, while IMR only has ink on the surface.IMD is a more complicated process,
IML has PET sheet, and can also be used with PC.Plastic particles are generally used PMMA and ABS. IML and IMR have their own advantages, IMR is not very wear-resistant, Nokia and Moto's cell phone is part of the IMR technology, a little longer will cause scratches.IML's biggest drawback is that it can not be realized as a whole IML technology is limited to a certain area.
The role of plastic coating
Plastic is easy to color, however, the coloring of plastic has many limitations, such as not showing the original color, the amount of pigment, cost and so on.
In order to improve the decorative properties of plastics, the need for painting in order to achieve such as color decoration, increase the surface of the varieties of flowers and gloss, so that engineering plastics have a metallic appearance, cover the surface defects of plastic products (silver wire, water collapse pits, inconspicuous splices, color stains, etc.) and coloring of dark plastics, etc., and in addition to the plastic refrigeration can play a role in protecting the role of some special functions. Although plastic will not rust, and will not quickly dissolve in acids. However, plastic in different degrees vulnerable to ultraviolet light, oxygen, moisture, methane, solvents and other chemicals corrosion, its abrasion resistance and mechanical properties are not as good as metal, susceptible to mechanical damage, so plastic products also need to be protected, such as ① anti-photo-aging and antioxidant, mixed inside the plastic UV-protectant and anti-oxidant, although it can improve product weathering, but the cost is extremely high. Mixed with antioxidants and anti-ultraviolet agents into the paint, coated with plastic products on the surface, can be shielded from ultraviolet rays, isolation of oxygen. ② anti-solvent corrosion and chemical corrosion and chemical corrosion, in addition to polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, many thermoplastics have poor resistance to deep agents, so these products with organic solvents in contact with the part, it is appropriate to use the appropriate coatings to protect. ③Anti-plasticizer volatilization and exudation. ④Anti-hygroscopicity. ⑤Anti-scratch, scratch and abrasion.
In recent years, the development of special functional coatings is rapid, plastic products coated with these coatings can expand the scope of application of plastic. For example, flame retardant coatings and fire retardant coatings can prevent celluloid products, polypropylene and unsaturated polyester fiberglass tiles on fire; used as a lens for optical plastics, need to be coated with anti-reflective coatings, antistatic coatings, abrasion-resistant coatings and scratch-resistant coatings.
Aluminum and its alloys chemical oxidation process
Chemical oxidation is not to use the external current and only put the parts into the appropriate solution, so that the surface of the artificial oxide film. Generally, the aluminum pieces are immersed in a chromate solution containing alkali solution and alkali metals, aluminum and the solution interact with each other, and soon generate AL2O3 and AL (OH) 3 film. This kind of oxide film has high adsorption ability, generally industry as a surface coating of the bottom layer, after chemical oxidation for coating, can greatly improve the appearance of aluminum and its alloy decorative parts of the corrosion ability, so that the coating of the retention of the enhancement. The advantages of chemical oxidation of aluminum and its alloys are mainly high production efficiency, low cost, do not consume electricity, do not need special equipment, suitable for mass production.
Aluminum and its alloys electrochemical oxidation method
Aluminum and its alloys electrochemical oxidation method, also known as anodic oxidation treatment, is to make the aluminum products to obtain corrosion-resistant properties and decorative surface method, widely used in industry. The process like electroplating the reverse process workpiece for the anode of the electrolytic circuit, instead of adding a layer of material (metal) to the surface of the workpiece on the cloud, but rather an internal reaction to increase the thickness of the strong protective alumina layer that usually exists on the surface of aluminum is very thin.
1. Anodizing method Generation of an oxide film by an electrolytic reaction.
2. Sulfuric acid oxidation Widely used in protective decorative anodizing.
3. Chromic acid oxidation The process of anodizing aluminum and aluminum alloys with chromic acid solution.
4, oxalic acid oxidation oxalic acid anodic oxidation process is also widely used, it is used in the aviation industry, electrical industry, aluminum products in order to obtain a better protective film layer.
5, aluminum and its alloys of other anodic oxidation method
(1) porcelain anodic oxidation method
It is also known as the imitation of glaze oxidation, this process is a new method of decorating aluminum and its alloys, in fact, is in the chromic acid anodic oxidation method derived. When adding oxalic acid and boric acid to the chromic acid electrolyte, under certain process conditions, the anodic oxidation can be used to get similar to enamel or pond porcelain milky white oxide film. Has good corrosion resistance, can with a variety of colors, with a special luster (especially like plastic), can get a good decorative effect. Porcelain oxide has the following characteristics: ① high hardness and abrasion resistance; ② excellent decorative, the film layer is similar to plastic, with enamel-like luster, beautiful and generous; ③ high corrosion resistance, than the general corrosion resistance of the oxide film 1 to 2 times higher; ④ good insulation and plating edge; ⑤ good adsorption capacity, it can be dyed into a variety of colors; ⑥ good covering ability, so the surface of the parts of the machining requirements of the lower. It is suitable for the parts of various instruments, meters, electronic instruments, the appearance of parts and daily necessities, food utensils, surface protection and decoration layer.
(2) ruby film oxidation method
Japan has recently developed into an anodic oxidation synthesis of ruby film new process, the film obtained by this process is extremely excellent in appearance and optical properties, used in optics, decorative and so on. This is a novel process with a wide range of applications. Its method is, first of all, using conventional anode wholesale price porous membrane (for amorphous AL2O3), and make the porous membrane adsorption of chromium ions, and then adsorbed chromium ions oxide film in the acid sulfate molten salt in the second anodic oxidation, with the help of the second electrolysis, so that the oxide film structure from the amorphous to the amphoteric L2O3 transition, so as to obtain ruby film. The color of aluminum oxide film mainly includes: light purplish red, light grayish yellow, light gray, gray, earthy yellow and so on. Oxide film Perspex color: deep red, deep purple, red, bright red, bright purple and so on.
(3) milky white imitation paint oxidation method
The appearance of milky white imitation paint layer. Beautiful and elegant, hard and corrosion-resistant, especially in a longer period of time, the color of the film is not easy to fade.
(4) imitation marble color anodic oxidation method
Aluminum and its alloy parts at 600 ℃ pre-annealed 1h, with hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and water (1:1:1:1) mixture of etching to the emergence of a coarse crystalline marble pattern, and then in the sulfuric acid solution for general anodic oxidation, and 1% to 2% aniline dyes solution coloring. Since the oxide film during anodizing is formed on the coarse crystalline surface appearing after annealing and etching, its appearance is very similar to that of natural marble, and it is highly decorative.
<Colored anodic oxide film
The anodic oxide film of aluminum is colored by adsorption of dyes.
Spontaneous color anodic oxide film
This kind of anodic oxide film is a kind of specific aluminum in some kind of suitable electrolyte (usually based on organic acid) in the electrolytic effect, by the alloy itself to generate a kind of spontaneous anodic oxide film with color.
Electrolytic coloring
The coloring of an anodic oxide film is colored by the electrodeposition of metal or metal oxides through the voids of the oxide film. >
Commonly used decorative plating of metal surfaces
Chrome plating
Chrome plating is the most widely used plating varieties in product styling and design at present. Chrome is a silvery-white metal with a slight bluish color. It cannot
be used as a protective coating, and is generally used as a base layer for copper-tin alloys, copper or nickel layers to prevent corrosion of the base metal. There are five main types of chrome plating.
1, protective - decorative chromium plating
In the copper, nickel or alloy plating on the surface of a layer of chromium plating, can be obtained from the crystallization of fine, beautiful and bright, like a mirror like silver
Blue luster (some called cover blue), such as automobiles, trains, machine tools, and daily utensils, external parts of the decorative layer. Because the decorative chrome layer is bright and dazzling, therefore, in product modeling should be avoided for large areas of the exterior decorative surface, so as not to cause fatigue due to strong reflection stimulate the eyes of the operator and the user.
2, black chrome plating
Black gives a solemn, solemn, resolute feeling, in the machine, instrumentation, architectural decoration materials, hardware appliances painting parts in the black combination of matching. Surface decoration process to get black in many ways, such as black paint, galvanized dip black, iron and copper wall pieces of black oxidation, aluminum and magnesium chemical and electrochemical oxidation and dyeing black, nickel and black chrome plating. From the color uniformity, wear resistance, decorative - protective, etc., to black chromium plating for the best, mainly used in aviation, instrumentation, cameras and other optical systems, as well as other products used for decorative, for marking and other occasions.
3. Milky chrome
Milky chrome is characterized by no luster, low hardness, no crack network, with the increase of the thickness of the plating layer, the reduction of porosity, good corrosion resistance, in the milky chrome plating for the scale is easy, and the user does not feel eyestrain. Milky chrome is widely used in measuring instruments, mechanical equipment in the index, dials, medical equipment and so on.
4, hard chrome plating
This plating is characterized by thick plating to highlight the special properties of the chromium layer itself. Including heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and low friction coefficient. Hard chrome is generally plated directly on the surface of steel parts, and it has a wide range of uses. For example, hard chrome is used for parts of large equipment such as large plungers for high-tonnage hydraulic presses. It is widely used, many due to corrosion, wear and tear is about to be scrapped parts, equipment, such as machine tool spindles, crankshaft journals, etc., after the hard chrome plating repair can greatly extend the period of use.
5, porous chrome plating
Porous chrome plating is a special form of wear-resistant chrome plating, the difference is that the surface of the plating layer has a network of grooves or point-like pores, easy to store lubricating oil, thus reducing the chrome-plated workpiece and its sliding with the friction between the workpiece to improve the wear resistance of the workpiece. Mainly used for internal combustion engine cylinder cavity, piston rings, plain bearings, machine tool spindles and so on.
Silver plating
Silver is a kind of white bright, malleable, moldable and has a strong reflective ability of the precious metal. Its hardness is slightly lower than copper and higher than gold. Silver is very stable in alkalis and certain organic acids, but is soluble in nitric acid and slightly soluble in sulfuric acid. In the general atmosphere, silver is more stable, but in the air containing oxides and sulfides, silver plating surface will quickly discolor, and quickly lose its reflective ability. In addition silver has excellent electrical properties, in all metals, silver is the best conductive metal. Because of the good electrical conductivity of silver, it has a small contact resistance, which can improve the electrical properties of the product.
Silver has a beautiful silvery-white luster and is often used for decorative purposes. Silver plating is mainly used in the instrumentation industry, light industrial products, lamps, reflectors, searchlights, etc. need to protect the decorative plating layer and reflective surface plating the surface of the items. The object of silver plating is generally more copper or copper synthetic gold parts. Iron and steel metal components plated with silver, must first be plated with a layer that prevents corrosion of the metal by other metals or alloy layers (such as cadmium, brass, bronze, etc.), often in contact with hard rubber (containing sulfur) parts should not be plated with silver. If a high degree of luster is required, the parts must be finely polished before and after plating.
There are two main types of silver plating methods, cyanide silver plating and cyanide-free silver plating. Cyanide silver plating is an old process for nearly a hundred years, cyanide silver plating solution is stable and reliable, high current efficiency, dispersion and coverage ability is better, the plated layer of the grain is also more detailed, but because of its solution contains highly toxic cyanide, seriously endangering the health of plating workers, and the discharge of waste water will become a "public health hazard", which is the biggest drawback. Recently developed fluorine-free silver plating, after a large number of tests and research, has been applied.
Plating alloys
With the development of industrial production and science and technology, people on the surface performance of the metal, the appearance of a variety of new requirements, such as in the large area of the product when using electroplating, people hate more and more luminous plating luster, turn to love the smoke-like tone, as well as the satin-like elegant tone. As a result, plating alloys have been developed. Here we briefly introduce several decorative plating alloys that are used in product finishes.
1, electroplated tin - cobalt alloy
Electroplated tin - cobalt alloy and electroplated cobalt color tone is close, but softer and loved by the people. At present, most foreign countries are used to replace chromium. Electroplated cobalt is not easy to roll plating, while electroplated tin - cobalt alloy can be applied to small parts of the roll plating. In addition, electroplated tin - cobalt alloy has excellent even plating ability and roll plating ability, so it can be applied to complex shape of the workpiece. If double layer nickel is plated on the base layer, the corrosion resistance is no less than that of chromium plating. In order to prevent surface discoloration, it should be treated by impregnation of chromate, which can also improve its corrosion resistance.
It has a light rose tone appearance, which makes people feel very comfortable and has excellent corrosion resistance. If you apply tin - nickel alloy plating on a shiny
substrate or on a bright nickel plating layer, you can get a good shiny surface. If plating is applied to a non-glossy surface (pearlescent), the original condition of the surface can be reproduced. The evenness of the plating layer is excellent, and there is almost no leveling effect at all, so it is suitable for plating of products requiring extremely fine lines and rotary processing.
3, electroplated copper - tin alloy
Low tin bronze plating layer of pink or golden yellow color, fine crystallization, it has a high corrosion resistance and good spinning performance, often as a protective - decorative nickel base layer, is widely used in light industry, handicraft, and the world's most important products. It is widely used in light industry, handicraft industry, mechanical instrumentation industry and other industries. The color of tin bronze plating is golden yellow, with good corrosion resistance. It is mainly used as the base layer of decorative chromium plating. Its hardness and stability in air are higher than low tin bronze plating. However, due to the high tin content of the plating, the bottom layer as a protective decorative plating is easy to blossom after the chrome set, which is the weakness of the medium tin bronze plating. High tin bronze plating has a beautiful silver-white luster and good spinning performance, high hardness and wear resistance, used in industrial design instead of silver or chromium as a reflective instruments, instruments, daily commodities and other protective - decorative surface plating.