White eye disease
Etiology: Due to the high feeding density, the water was not changed in time, the water quality became worse and the alkalinity was too heavy. The onset season is mostly in spring and autumn, and the spring after wintering is the peak of epidemic. The disease is more common in Brazilian colored turtles, tortoises, spotted turtles and scarabs. And the incidence of young turtles is higher.
Symptoms: the eyes of the sick turtle are inflamed and congested, and gradually turn gray and swollen. Cornea and nasal mucosa are eroded by ocular inflammation, which can lead to blindness and respiratory obstruction in severe cases. The outside of the eyeball is covered with white secretions, and the eyes cannot be opened. Sick turtles often rub their eyes with their forelimbs, which makes them move slowly. In severe cases, people stopped eating, and finally died of weakness and other diseases. Some sick turtles have only one eye at the beginning of the disease. If no measures are taken, symptoms will soon appear in the other eye.
Prevention and control: change water frequently, keep the water clean, feed nutritious drugs on time, and improve the turtle's own resistance. Sick turtles should be raised separately, and the original feeding containers should be soaked in potassium permanganate solution for more than 30 minutes for disinfection and sterilization. If some turtles raised in the same tank are found to have white eye disease, other turtles can be soaked in furacilin (or furazolidone) solution. This is both a preventive measure and an early treatment. The concentration of young turtles is 20 mg/L, and the concentration of young turtles to adults is 30 mg/L. The soaking time depends on the water temperature. If necessary, soak 1 time (40 minutes) every day for 3-5 days.
For soft-shelled turtles (those who can still open their eyes and take the initiative to eat), they can be soaked in low-concentration salt water or raised in 15 mg/L furazolidone or furazolidone solution, and they can recover in about a week. Or soak it in 30 mg/L liquid medicine for 40 minutes every day for about a week to recover.
If the turtle is seriously ill (refusing to eat, unable to open its eyes), soak it in antibiotic medicine solution (containing 500- 1000 units of antibiotics per milliliter) for more than 1 hour every day, then apply antibacterial eye ointment and store it in the dark to promote the white secretion to fall off as soon as possible.
For turtles with serious diseases (eye erosion), the white matter and white necrotic epidermis in the eyes should be removed first, and if there is bleeding, it should be cleaned continuously. Then, soak the soft-shelled turtle in the liquid medicine containing vitamin B and oxytetracycline. The liquid medicine is prepared according to the ratio of every 500g of water 1/2 tablets of oxytetracycline and 2 tablets of vitamin B. This sick turtle may be blind.
For the treatment of green turtles, 1% furazolidone solution should be applied to the eyes, and the whole body immersion method is not suitable.
Or use Medilac in the feeding water, each glass goldfish bowl 1 tablet. This method should be used when the green turtle is sick. Streptomycin can also be dissolved in water, so that every 1 mg of water contains 65438+ 10,000-200,000 international units, which is suitable for treating diseases of green turtle and other small water turtles.
Mild white eye disease is the most common in Brazil.
Severe white eye disease may lead to blindness.
or
Rotting nail disease
Etiology: The crustaceans were damaged or squeezed, and bacteria invaded the tortoise shell, which led to the crustaceans festering.
Symptoms: The tortoise's carapace or carapace begins to show white spots and gradually forms red spots. When pressed hard, blood oozes and smells rancid. Severe crustacean surface will fester into holes, and armpit and buttock fossa will swell. Sick turtles stop eating, reduce their activities and shrink their heads. Four-eyed water turtles, side-necked turtles and snake-necked turtles are prone to this disease.
Prevention and treatment: puncture the shield of the affected area, squeeze out blood, remove the focus, and directly apply salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder to the affected area once a day, which will heal in about a week, but there will be permanent scars on the tortoise shell.
Mild decayed nails
Rotting nails
Brazilian tortoise with badly rotted nails, its shell has been festered.
China tortoise with badly rotted nails, the joint of the shell is festering.
Or onychomycosis
Etiology: After the shell was worn, bacteria invaded and the shell festered. It is also possible to suffer mechanical damage, such as being hit by hard objects in the process of field capture or transportation, or falling from a height to cause shell damage.
Symptoms: The surface of crustaceans festers, forming holes in severe cases, and even seeing muscles. Sick turtles don't eat or eat less.
Prevention and treatment: remove the diseased turtle focus, scrub the affected area with hydrogen peroxide, and then directly apply potassium permanganate crystal powder to the affected area. For fresh wounds, Yunnan Baiyao should be applied to stop bleeding, carefully bandaged and nursed back to health.
Rotten nails: holes have been formed, and the bones inside can be seen.
Nail rot caused by hard injury: the surface shield falls off, which is easy to cause bacterial invasion and nail rot. Even if the disease is controlled, it is difficult to recover.
Damage of shield leads to nail decay caused by bacterial infection.
Damage of shield leads to nail decay caused by bacterial infection.
The rotten nails of saltwater turtles are caused by the wear of abdominal nails caused by long-term activities on hard ground.
The rotten nails have been controlled, but the cracks can't be restored.
or
Nail rot
Etiology: After the shell was worn, bacteria invaded and the shell festered. It is also possible to suffer mechanical damage, such as being hit by hard objects in the process of field capture or transportation, or falling from a height to cause shell damage.
Symptoms: The surface of crustaceans festers, forming holes in severe cases, and even seeing muscles. Sick turtles don't eat or eat less.
Prevention and treatment: remove the diseased turtle focus, scrub the affected area with hydrogen peroxide, and then directly apply potassium permanganate crystal powder to the affected area. For fresh wounds, Yunnan Baiyao should be applied to stop bleeding, carefully bandaged and nursed back to health.
Rotten nails: holes have been formed, and the bones inside can be seen.
Nail rot caused by hard injury: the surface shield falls off, which is easy to cause bacterial invasion and nail rot. Even if the disease is controlled, it is difficult to recover.
Damage of shield leads to nail decay caused by bacterial infection.
Damage of shield leads to nail decay caused by bacterial infection.
The rotten nails of saltwater turtles are caused by the wear of abdominal nails caused by long-term activities on hard ground.
The rotten nails have been controlled, but the cracks can't be restored.
or
Rotting nail disease
Etiology: The crustaceans were damaged or squeezed, and bacteria invaded the tortoise shell, which led to the crustaceans festering.
Symptoms: The tortoise's carapace or carapace begins to show white spots and gradually forms red spots. When pressed hard, blood oozes and smells rancid. Severe crustacean surface will fester into holes, and armpit and buttock fossa will swell. Sick turtles stop eating, reduce their activities and shrink their heads. Four-eyed water turtles, side-necked turtles and snake-necked turtles are prone to this disease.
Prevention and treatment: puncture the shield of the affected area, squeeze out blood, remove the focus, and directly apply salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder to the affected area once a day, which will heal in about a week, but there will be permanent scars on the tortoise shell.
or
Rotting nail disease
Etiology: The crustaceans were damaged or squeezed, and bacteria invaded the tortoise shell, which led to the crustaceans festering.
Symptoms: The tortoise's carapace or carapace begins to show white spots and gradually forms red spots. When pressed hard, blood oozes and smells rancid. Severe crustacean surface will fester into holes, and armpit and buttock fossa will swell. Sick turtles stop eating, reduce their activities and shrink their heads. Four-eyed water turtles, side-necked turtles and snake-necked turtles are prone to this disease.
Prevention and treatment: puncture the shield of the affected area, squeeze out blood, remove the focus, and directly apply salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder to the affected area once a day, which will heal in about a week, but there will be permanent scars on the tortoise shell.
or
Rotting nail disease
Etiology: The crustaceans were damaged or squeezed, and bacteria invaded the tortoise shell, which led to the crustaceans festering.
Symptoms: The tortoise's carapace or carapace begins to show white spots and gradually forms red spots. When pressed hard, blood oozes and smells rancid. Severe crustacean surface will fester into holes, and armpit and buttock fossa will swell. Sick turtles stop eating, reduce their activities and shrink their heads. Four-eyed water turtles, side-necked turtles and snake-necked turtles are prone to this disease.
Prevention and treatment: puncture the affected shield, squeeze out the blood, remove the focus, and directly apply salt or potassium permanganate crystal powder to the affected area once a day, and it will heal in about a week, but there will be permanent scars on the tortoise shell.