This standard applies to the people's Republic of China **** and the territory of the metal non-metallic open pit mine design, construction and production.
This standard does not apply to finish building materials open pit mines.
2 References to standards
GB 5748 Methods for the determination of airborne dust in the workplace
GB 5749 Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water
GB 6722 Explosive Blasting Safety Regulations
GB 12141 Safety Specification for Freight Aerial Ropeways
GB 13349 Safety Regulations for Large Explosive Blasts
GB 14161 Mine Safety Signs
GB 16424 Safety Regulations for Metallic and Nonmetallic Underground Mines
GBJ 70 Design Code for Mining Electricity Installations
GA 53 Safety and Technical Examination Standards for Blasting Operators
TJ 36 Hygienic Standards for Industrial Designs
3 Terminology
Metal Nonmetallic opencast minesmetal and nonmetal opencast mines
Open-air mines that mine metal ores, radioactive ores, and as chemical raw materials, building materials, auxiliary raw materials, refractory materials, and other nonmetallic minerals (except coal).
4 Management
4.1 Mining enterprises and their competent departments must implement the "safety first, prevention first" approach to production safety, and gradually realize the scientific and standardized safety management; in the planning, layout, inspection, summary, evaluation of production and construction work, must plan, layout, inspection, Summarize and evaluate the safety work.
4.2 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the production safety responsibility system.
The mine manager is responsible for the mine's production safety.
The main person in charge at all levels is responsible for the production safety of the unit, and its technical person in charge is responsible for the safety and technical work of the unit.
Functional organizations at all levels are responsible for the production safety of their functional areas.
4.3 Mining enterprises should establish and improve the safety and health institutions and ventilation and dust prevention professional team or full-time safety personnel.
4.4 The mine manager must undergo safety training and assessment, have safety expertise, and have the ability to lead safe production and deal with mine accidents.
Mining enterprise safety staff and ventilation, dust control professionals must have specialized knowledge as mine practical work experience.
4.5 Mining enterprises should seriously do a good job of production safety and labor protection education, popularization of safety knowledge and knowledge of safety regulations, technical and business training. Employees are allowed to work only after passing the examination. For all cadres and workers, at least 20h per year to receive safety education, at least once every three years to assess.
New workers must undergo not less than 40h of mine, pit (workshop), team three-level safety education, after passing the examination, led by the old workers to work for at least four months, familiar with the operation of the technology of this type of work and qualified by the examination, before they can work independently.
Transferring the type of work of the personnel, must carry out the new post safety operation education and training.
To participate in labor, visit, internship personnel, before going down to the mine must be safety education, and a person to lead.
The mine should establish and improve the safety education room.
4.6 special operators, key positions, important equipment and facilities of the operators, must undergo special safety education and technical training, after passing the examination to obtain the operating qualification certificate or license before being allowed to work. Personnel training, assessment, licensing, review work, should be implemented in accordance with relevant state regulations.
4.7 Vital positions, important equipment and facilities and hazardous areas, should be strictly managed.
4.8 Open-pit mining shall have mine surveying and geological cataloging documents, all kinds of measured maps, as well as the mining design approved in accordance with the state procedures and authority.
The feasibility study report and overall design of the construction project must demonstrate the safety conditions of the mine. Preliminary design must have a special chapter on safety and health, and should be carried through the various professional design.
4.9 Mining enterprises and their competent authorities in the preparation of annual production and construction plans and long-term development planning, at the same time, must prepare safety and health engineering and technical measures and planning, and in accordance with state regulations to extract and use the special costs of safety and technical measures. The cost must be fully used to improve mine safety production conditions, and shall not be diverted to other uses.
4.10 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the production safety job responsibility system and job technical operating procedures, and strictly implement the duty system and shift handover system.
4.11 Mining enterprises should establish and improve the safety activity day system, and seriously implement the safety inspection system.
The competent authorities of mining enterprises should inspect the mines they belong to at least once a year, the mines at least once a quarter, and the pits (workshops) at least once a month.
The inspection should be attended by leaders in charge of safety work. For the inspection of hidden accidents and dust and poison hazards, the relevant departments should be instructed to solve the problem within a time limit.
4.12 Mining enterprises must issue labor protection supplies to workers in accordance with the regulations, and workers must wear and use labor protection supplies and appliances in accordance with the regulations.
4.13 Mining enterprises should set up rescue and medical first aid organizations composed of full-time or part-time personnel, equipped with the necessary equipment, devices and medicines; each year, employees should be self-rescue and mutual rescue training.
4.14 In the event of casualties or other major accidents in a mining enterprise, the mine manager or his agent must immediately go to the scene to direct the organization of rescue and take effective measures to prevent the accident from expanding.
The casualty accident must be reported truthfully to the competent labor administrative department and the competent department managing the mining enterprise in accordance with the regulations.
After an accident occurs, it must be promptly investigated and analyzed to find out the cause of the accident and put forward measures to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents.
5 Basic Provisions
5.1 All safety, dust control and drainage equipment and facilities and protective devices of all electromechanical equipment in mines shall not be arbitrarily removed without the permission of the competent section (division or office).
5.2 The mine (rock) pillars retained by the design regulations shall not be mined or destroyed within the specified period.
5.3 Stripping and discharging operations shall not cause water damage to deep mining or neighboring mines.
Open-pit mines, especially deep concave open-pit mines, must be equipped with special flood control and drainage facilities.
5.4 The construction of structures near mine railroads, crossing mine railroads, crossing roadbeds or bridges and culverts to set up wires and pipelines, as well as temporary construction near mine railroads, must obtain prior consent of the mine transportation and safety departments, and formulate construction safety measures.
5.5 in the mine railroad or road both sides of the pile of goods, should be stacked firmly, and the edge of the pile of goods and railroad construction close to the limit of the distance, shall not be less than 0.75m; and the distance from the edge of the road surface, shall not be less than 1m (such as the road has a side ditch, the distance between its side ditch and the outside, shall not be less than 0.5m).
5.6 No one shall move and destroy the measurement base point of the mine without authorization; when it needs to be moved or scrapped, it shall be agreed by the geological survey department of the mine and approved by the mine manager or chief engineer.
5.7 Open-pit mines can be equipped with transportation to take workers to and from work when one of the following conditions is met;
a. The distance from the place where workers are concentrated to the main workplace of the open-pit mines (or workshops) is more than 3,000m;
b. The vertical depth of the depressed open-pit mines is more than 100m;
c. The vertical height of the slopes of the open-pit mines is more than 150m.
C. The vertical height of the hillside open-pit mines is more than 150m. greater than 150m.
5.8 No persons shall be allowed to ride in the buckets of dump trucks, dump cars and unmanned aerial ropeways. The use of lifting equipment to transport people, must comply with the relevant provisions of GB 16424.
5.9 Before operation, the work site must be carefully inspected to confirm that electrical appliances, machinery and equipment, tools and protective facilities are in a safe condition before the work is allowed.
When suspended chunks of ore rock or residual or blind cannons are found in the working face, they must be dealt with in time, and corresponding safety measures must be taken when dealing with them. When there are signs of landslides in the quarry or discharge site, the operation in the danger zone should be stopped, evacuated, prohibited the passage of people and vehicles, and reported to the relevant departments of the mine for timely treatment.
5.10 open-pit mines have a fall risk of drilling holes, alleys, caves, pits, slurry pools and water tanks, etc., must be covered or fenced, and should be clearly marked and illuminated.
5.11 When the visibility is affected by fog, smoke, dust and poor lighting, or when normal production can not be maintained due to storm, snow or the risk of lightning strikes, the operation should be stopped immediately; when the threat of personal safety, the personnel should be transferred to a safe place.
5.12 In the fall height from the base surface of more than 2m (including 2m) when working at height, must wear a safety belt or set up safety net, guardrail and other protective facilities.
When working in high places, it is strictly prohibited to throw objects; it is strictly prohibited to work in the vertical direction of the upper and lower double layer.
In case of strong winds of more than six, it is prohibited to carry out lifting and high work in the open air.
5.13 equipment platforms, ladders, floors, as well as personnel notice and operation of the place, should be kept clean and notice safety.
No debris shall be allowed to be stored on the roof of the equipment, and the stones on it shall be removed in time.
5.14 The open-pit quarry must have a manned access road with safety signs and lighting.
Adjacent stages can be set up between the ladder with handrails or steps (steps) for pedestrian access. When the lower part of the ladder near the railroad, should be set up in the building close to the limit of the safety guardrail. Adjacent to the stage between the pedestrian access close to the railroad, its edge shall not invade the railroad building close to the limit of 0.5m, close to the road, should be located outside the road shoulder.
5.15 Extraction, transportation, earth removal or other equipment, its main switch to send power, power outage or start the equipment, must be called by the operator to answer, confirm that there is no error before proceeding.
5.16 When using mining, transportation and other mechanical equipment, the following rules must be observed:
a. When the equipment is in operation, it is prohibited to overhaul, oil and clean its rotating parts;
b. When the equipment is in motion, it is prohibited to get on or off the equipment, and no one is allowed to stay or pass through the place where it may be dangerous to the personnel;
c. When terminating the operation, the power supply must be cut off and the power supply must be closed.
5.17 inspection and repair of equipment should be carried out after shutting down the starting device, cutting off the power supply and the equipment completely stops running, and should be immediately adjacent to the running parts of the equipment and electrically charged devices to set up guardrails. Cut off the power supply, the power switch must be locked or set up a person to monitor, and should be hung "someone working, not allowed to send power" warning signs.
5.18 open-pit mining equipment power supply cables, must maintain good insulation, shall not be in contact with the metal pipe (line) and conductive materials, across the road, railroad, must take protective measures.
5.19 Power-driven drilling rigs, excavators and locomotives must be equipped with complete insulated gloves, insulated boots, insulated tools and equipment. When stopping, feeding and moving cables, insulated protective gear and tools must be used as required.
5.20 When the extractive, transportation and other equipment passes under the overhead power line, the distance between its top and the overhead power line shall be in accordance with the following provisions:
a. 3kV or less, shall not be less than 1.5m;
b. 3kV~10kV, shall not be less than 2.0m;
c. Higher than 10kV, shall not be less than 3.0m.
5.21 Open-pit mining shall give priority to wet operation. Dust-producing points and dust-producing equipment, should take comprehensive dust-proof technical measures.
5.22 Deep concave open pit mining equipment and mining dump truck driver's cab, should be equipped with air conditioning devices, prohibit open window operation.
5.23 Open-pit blasting operations must comply with GB 6722 and GB13349. Blasting operations must be set up at the site of the solid personnel to avoid the gun facilities, its setup location, structure, and demolition time, should be specified in the mining plan, and approved by the mine manager or chief engineer.
5.24 Before blasting, mobile equipment such as drilling rigs and excavators should be driven to a safe place and the power supply should be cut off.
5.25 Stationary air compressor stations in open pit quarries should be located outside the blasting hazard boundary. Pressurized air pipeline to the open pit, can be laid along the ground.
6 open-pit mining
6.1 stage composition of the safety requirements
6.1.1 stage height should be in accordance with the provisions of Table 1.
Table 1 Determination of stage height
If the stage height exceeds the provisions of Table 1, it must be technically demonstrated and reported to the competent authority for approval under the premise of ensuring safety.
6.1.2 When excavators or front loaders shoveling, the burst pile height should be no more than 1.5 times the maximum excavation height of the machinery.
6.1.3 When artificial mining, the angle of the slope of the working stage shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.
Table 2 Determination of working stage slope angle
6.1.4 The final slope angle of the non-working stage and the width of the minimum working platform shall be specified in the design.
Mining and transportation equipment, transport lines, power supply and communication lines shall be located within the stability of the working platform.
The distance from the edge of the blast pile to the centerline of the collimated railroad shall be not less than 2.5m; the distance to the centerline of the narrow-gauge railroad shall be not less than 2.0m; and the distance to the edge of the car road shall be not less than 1m.
6.2 Punching operation
6.2.1 When the drilling rig is stabilizing the car, the minimum distance from the jack to the edge line of the stage: the dolly shall be 1m, and the tine wheel drill, submersible drill, steel rope impact drill shall be 1m. Drill, submerged hole drilling rig, steel rope percussion drilling rig is 2.5 m. It is prohibited to put blocks and stones under the jack.
When drilling the first row of holes, the angle between the center axis of the drilling rig and the stage edge line shall not be less than 45°.
6.2.2 When the drilling rig walks close to the edge of the stage, the walking route should be checked to see if it is safe; the minimum distance from the outer protruding part of the trolley to the edge of the stage line is 2m, and the minimum distance from the outer protruding part of the tine drilling rig, submerged drilling rig and steel rope percussion drilling rig to the edge of the stage line is 3m.
6.2.3 It is not suitable for the drilling rig to walk on the slope with the slope exceeding 15°; if the slope exceeds 15°, the rig must be lowered to a lower level. exceeds 15°, the drilling frame must be lowered, directed by a person, and anti-tipping measures must be taken.
When the drilling rig is being set up or down, the non-operator shall not stay in the dangerous area.
6.2.4 Excavation stage burst pile of the last mining belt, relative to the excavator's operating range of the burst pile stage on the surface equivalent to the first row of holes in the zone, there shall be no drilling rig operation or stay.
6.3 Shoveling operations
6.3.1 more than two excavators working on the same platform, the spacing of excavators: car transportation, not less than three times its maximum digging radius, and not less than 50m; locomotive transportation, not less than the length of two trains.
6.3.2 The excavators working at the same time in two adjacent phases must be staggered along the phases by a certain distance; the excavators carrying out auxiliary work in the safety belt at the edge of the upper phase must be three times the distance of the maximum excavation radius of the excavators working normally in the lower phase and not less than 50m.
6.3.3 When the excavator is working, the horizontal distance from the vertical projection of the outer shape of the balancing device to the bottom of the slope of the phase shall be not less than 50m.
The horizontal distance from the external shape of the balancing device to the bottom of the stage slope when the excavator is working shall be not less than 1m.
The position of the operation room shall minimize the danger to the operator.
6.3.4 The excavator must travel within the stable range of the operating platform. When the excavator goes up and down the slope, the drive axle should always be in the downhill direction; the bucket should be empty and lowered to keep a proper distance from the ground; the axis of the cantilever should be the same as the traveling direction.
6.3.5 When the excavator passes through cables, wind and water pipes, and railroad crossings, measures should be taken to protect the cables, wind and water pipes, and railroad crossings; when walking on soft or muddy roads, measures should be taken to prevent sinking; and anti-skidding measures should be taken when going up and down slopes.
6.3.6 When excavators and front loaders are shoveling, it is prohibited for the bucket to pass over the driver's cab of the vehicle.
6.3.7 It is strictly prohibited to adjust the position of the cantilever frame while the excavator is in operation.
6.4 Bulldozer operation
6.4.1 When the bulldozer operates on an inclined working surface, the maximum permissible operating slope should be less than the slope that can be achieved by its technical performance.
6.4.2 When the bulldozer is operating, the scraper shall not exceed the edge of the platform. Bulldozer less than 5m from the edge of the platform, must run at low speed. It is prohibited to drive the bulldozer backward toward the edge of the platform.
6.4.3 When the bulldozer tows vehicles or other equipment, the following provisions shall be observed:
a. The towed vehicle or equipment shall have a braking system and be operated by a person;
b. The walking speed of the bulldozer shall not exceed 5km/h;
c. When towing vehicles or equipment downhill, it is forbidden to tow them by cable;
d. The bulldozer shall be directed by a person. ．Designate a person to direct.
6.4.4 When the bulldozer is started, it is strictly prohibited to work under the machine, and no one is allowed to stay near the machine. Bulldozer walking, prohibit people standing on the bulldozer or scraper frame. When the engine is running and the scraper is raised, the driver shall not leave the cab.
6.4.5 Overhaul, lubrication and adjustment of the bulldozer should be carried out on a level ground. When checking the scraper, it should be placed firmly on the pad and the engine should be turned off.
It is prohibited for personnel to stay on the lifted scraper or carry out inspection.
6.5.5 Prevention of mine subsidence and slope slide
6.5.1 Waste roadways, hollow areas and cavities within the mining realm and adjacent sections of final slopes must be marked on the mine plan in a timely manner, and set up obvious signs in a timely manner with the mining operation.
6.5.2 The waste channel, hollow area and cavern within the mining boundary must be treated at least one stage ahead of time. Construction design should be prepared and submitted to the competent authorities for approval before treatment.
6.5.3 The working gangs of the mining field should be inspected once a quarter, and the high and steep side gangs should be inspected once a month, and the unstable sections should be inspected in time after the rainstorm, and the abnormalities found should be dealt with immediately.
6.5.4 When mechanical shoveling, the stability of the final slope should be ensured, and the number of combined sections should not exceed three.
6.5.5 Blasting in the vicinity of the final slope, must be used to control blasting and take measures to reduce vibration, is strictly prohibited to use large blasting.
6.5.6 Near the final slope of the mining operations, must be designed to determine the width of the reserved safety, transportation platform. To maintain the safe slope angle of the stage, not to over-excavate the bottom of the slope. In case of localized slope collapse, it should be reported to the relevant authorities in time, and effective treatment measures should be taken.
Each stage of the end of the extraction, must promptly clean up the loose rock and soil on the platform and the pumice on the slope, and organize the acceptance of the relevant departments.
6.5.7 The non-working gangs for transportation and pedestrians should be inspected regularly for safety and stability, and safety measures must be taken in time and reported to the relevant authorities when signs of collapse or slipping are found.
6.5.8 Measures should be taken to prevent surface water from seeping into the weak fissures of the rock body of the side gang or directly washing the slope. If there is an aquifer in the rock body of the sidewall, measures should be taken to drain it.
6.5.9 When piling and unloading waste rock in the neighboring areas outside the boundary, the design regulations must be observed to ensure the stability of the slope and to prevent the hazards of rolling rock and collapse.
6.5.10 Large-scale mines or mines with large potential hazards of slopes must establish and improve the management and inspection system of slopes, and the key parts of slopes and lots with potential landslide hazards should be reinforced.
6.5.11 Regular observation of slopes should be carried out at fixed points. Geodesy department should provide timely information about the slope.
6.6 Joint switch
6.6.1 Within the range of rock movement of underground mining (including 10-20m protection zone), it is not suitable to carry out open pit mining at the same time.
6. 6. 6. 2 When open pit and surface mining at the same time, the following principles must be adhered to:
a. The angle of the open pit slope in the area affected by underground mining should be appropriately reduced according to the degree of influence;
b. The sequence of mining back between open pit and underground mining areas should be provided for in the design to protect the stability of the slopes of the open pit.
6.6.3 open-pit and underground blasting each other, it is strictly prohibited to blast at the same time, and must notify each other before blasting to withdraw the people in the danger zone.
Large-scale blasting operations, effective safety measures should be formulated and reported to the mine manager or chief engineer for approval.
6.6.4 When underground mining is changed to open-pit mining due to spontaneous combustion of ore, the fire spreading situation, safe depth of mining, the remaining amount of ore and the thickness of the ore body must be ascertained in advance, and a written report must be written and submitted to the competent department for approval.
6.6.5 When the underground mining is changed to open-pit mining, the location of all underground passages, mining airspace and pillars should be plotted on the flat and sectional cross-section map of the mine. The treatment method of underground roadway and mining hollow area shall be determined in the design.
6. 6. 6. 6 open-pit mining to underground mining, the upper boundary of underground mining, according to the chosen mining method, must be determined in the design of the realm of safety top pillar specifications or the thickness of the rock potential layer.
6. 6. 6. 7 open pit mining to underground mining, drainage design, must take into account the maximum underground water influx and short-term maximum runoff caused by concentrated rainfall.
6. 6.