Basic Life Support? (BLS) consists of four basic steps: recognition of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and early recognition of and response to heart attack and stroke; activation of the emergency response system and access to emergency equipment such as an automated external defibrillator (AED); early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); and rapid defibrillation with the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).
Basic Life Saving (BLS) techniques include at least CPR and Hamrick for patients with medical emergencies, and at least the basic treatment of hemostasis, immobilization, bandaging, and lifting for trauma patients in order to get appropriate help. Therefore, basic life-saving techniques include cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), basic trauma life-saving techniques (BTLS), and the Hamrick method.
Expanded Information
Basic Life Support Steps:
1. Assessment and Scene Safety:
The first responder, while making sure the scene is safe, taps the patient on the shoulder and yells, "Are you okay?" Check to see if the patient is breathing. If not breathing or not breathing normally (i.e., only gasping), immediately activate the emergency response system.
The BLS procedure has been simplified by removing "look, listen, and feel" from the procedure, which is both unreasonable and time-consuming to perform, and for this reason, the 2010 CPR guidelines emphasize immediate activation of the EMS system and initiation of chest compressions in an unresponsive adult who is not breathing or is not breathing normally. .
2. Initiate EMS:
(1) If the patient is found to be unresponsive and not breathing, the first responder should activate the EMS system (call 120), fetch an AED (if available), perform CPR on the patient, and defibrillate the patient immediately if needed.
(2) If more than one first responder is on the scene, one of the first responders should follow the steps to perform CPR, and the other should activate the EMS system (call 120) and fetch an AED (if available).
(3), When rescuing a drowning or asphyxiating cardiac arrest patient, the first responder should perform 5 cycles (2min) of CPR and then call 120 to activate the EMS system.
3, pulse check:
For non-professional first-aiders, no longer emphasize the training of checking pulse, as long as the unresponsive patients found to have no spontaneous breathing should be treated as cardiac arrest.
For medical personnel, the patient's carotid artery is generally touched with the index and middle fingers of one hand in order to feel whether there is any pulsation (the pulsation contact is in the sternocleidomastoid groove next to the thyroid cartilage). The time taken to check for a pulse should not exceed 10 seconds, and if the presence of a pulse cannot be determined within 10 seconds, chest compressions should be performed immediately.
4, chest compression (circulation, C):
Ensure that the patient is supine on a flat surface or use the chest compression board under the back of the shoulders, the first aiders can use kneeling or footstool and other positions, the root of the palm of one hand is placed in the center of the patient's chest, on the lower part of the sternum, the root of the palm of the other hand is placed on the first hand. The fingers do not touch the chest wall.
The elbows should be straightened during compression, and the pressure should be applied vertically and downward, with a frequency of at least 100 compressions/min and a depth of at least 125 px in adults, and the thorax should be allowed to return completely after each compression. The duration of compression and relaxation is about 50% each, and the root of the palm should not leave the chest wall during relaxation to avoid displacement of the compression point.
For pediatric patients, the sternum is compressed with one or both hands at the level of the nipple line, and for infants, the sternum is compressed horizontally with two fingers placed immediately below the nipple line. To minimize interruption of chest compressions due to ventilation, the 2010 International Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation recommend a compression-ventilation ratio of 30:2 for adults without an artificial airway, and a ratio of 15:2 for infants and children during two-person CPR.
If two or more people are administering CPR, the compressor should be changed every 2 minutes or 5 cycles of CPR (each cycle consisting of 30 compressions and 2 artificial respirations) and the switch should be completed in less than 5 seconds, because studies have shown that the quality of the operator's compressions begins to deteriorate (as evidenced by suboptimal frequency and amplitude, as well as chest-wall repositioning) 1 to 2 minutes after the start of compressions.
5. Opening the airway (A):
There are two methods of opening the airway to provide artificial respiration: tilting the head and lifting the chin and pushing up the jaw. The latter is used only when a head or neck injury is suspected, as this method reduces neck and spine movement.
Follow these steps to perform a head lift: place one hand on the patient's forehead and push with the palm of the hand to tilt the head back; place the fingers of the other hand under the jaw near the chin bone; and lift the jaw to elevate the chin bone. Note that in opening the airway at the same time should use the fingers to dig out the patient's mouth of foreign objects or vomitus, dentures should be removed if there are dentures.
6. Artificial respiration (breathing, B):
Before giving artificial respiration, normal inhalation is sufficient, no need for deep inhalation; all artificial respiration (whether it is mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask, balloon-mask, or balloon-to-advanced airway) should be sustained for more than 1 second to ensure that there is a sufficient amount of gas into the chest and to make the chest undulate.
If the first artificial respiration fails to cause the chest to rise, a second ventilation may be given by opening the airway again with the head-up, chin-up method; hyperventilation (multiple blowing or blowing in too much gas) may be harmful and should be avoided.
7. AED defibrillation:
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the more common and easier-to-treat rhythm that initially occurs in adult cardiac arrest. In patients with VF, the survival rate is highest if CPR and defibrillation are performed immediately within 3-5 min of loss of consciousness. In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or in hospitalized patients in supervised rhythms, rapid defibrillation is a good treatment for short duration VF.