With the gradual maturation of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, the demand for positioning in various industries has also greatly increased. In real life, there are more and more application scenarios based on WiFi, Bluetooth, infrared, UWB and other indoor positioning technologies, focusing on the more widely used Bluetooth indoor positioning technology and UWB indoor positioning technology.
What are the positioning methods for Bluetooth personnel positioning?
1. iBeacon
iBeacon uses low-power Bluetooth communication function, is a positioning technology developed by Apple. It can track the trajectory information of the navigator, and can provide some reliable data support for commercial site selection, mostly used in places with more people, such as hospitals, shopping malls, stations and the like.
2. Bluetooth gateway
Bluetooth gateway personnel positioning technology is more suitable for use in campuses and nursing homes. This is because the Bluetooth gateway positioning technology can send a broadcast packet for the positioning device in the cycle, all the data received can be transmitted to the background server, easy to manage and monitor the safety of personnel. If this positioning method is chosen, it must be ensured that the Bluetooth terminal device has very low power consumption and very high concurrency.
3. Bluetooth 5.0
Bluetooth 5.0 only needs to scan the iBeacon data through the Bluetooth gateway to the server, and then according to the signal strength can complete the positioning. Its transmission capability is comparable to the above two methods. Bluetooth 5.0 not only deals with the possibility of large-scale arrangement of gateways, but also the cost is not high, which is very popular among users.
What scenarios can Bluetooth people positioning be applied to?
Intelligent industry
Bluetooth personnel positioning in the field of intelligent industry in the application of specific performance for petrochemical and chemical personnel material positioning, asset management, plant environmental data collection and analysis, hazardous source monitoring.
Wisdom site
Traditional site management has a lot of defects, such as the construction project points a wide range of information transfer is not smooth, etc., the use of Bluetooth personnel positioning program, you can realize the tunnel/subway/tube corridor, etc., personnel positioning, environmental data collection, etc..
Wisdom of the elderly
Bluetooth personnel positioning in the field of wisdom of the elderly in the development of rapidly changing, can realize more and more functions, such as the elderly location monitoring, vital signs monitoring, health management, activity monitoring, wireless call alarms and so on.
Intelligent medical
Bluetooth personnel positioning in the medical industry is not only for the positioning of health care personnel, but also includes patients, medical supplies, etc., the patient doctors and nurses, medical supplies and the location of the combination, and then for the hospital's business processes to achieve a complete Internet of Things, intelligent integrated management, to achieve the entire hospital area of the "visible, manageable, controllable", The company's products and services are designed to meet the needs of the hospital's business processes.
UWB positioning technology in different application environments can realize different positioning business needs (3D/2D/1D/area positioning), accurate positioning of personnel, vehicles, assets, and on the basis of positioning to achieve trajectory tracking, regional alarms, camera linkage and other extended functions.
One-dimensional positioning application is the principle of ranging application, can know the relative position of the positioning target tag, suitable for tunnels, pipelines, tube wells, mines and other kinds of positioning accuracy requirements of the scene is not high, the accuracy of about 0.3 meters;
Two-dimensional positioning needs to determine the X / Y coordinates of the space, is divided into two kinds of cases; one is through the label from the distance of the base station, the calculation of the label's position; There is another is through more than three base stations, to determine the location of the label in the region, can accurately know the location of the positioning target label and behavioral trajectory;
Three-dimensional positioning needs to know the XYZ three-dimensional coordinates of the positioning device, in the base station architecture, you need to be especially pulled away from the Z-axis of the height difference in order to ensure that in the Z-axis of the accuracy. If you use the way of ranging, three base stations can complete the three-dimensional positioning, with the way of TDOA, it must be more than four base stations to complete. The ability to accurately determine the location of the label, as well as the retention time.
High-precision UWB indoor positioning solution
UWB positioning system is roughly divided into the location awareness layer, network transmission layer and positioning application layer, which mainly includes: positioning engine server, intelligent terminal, POE switch, UWB base station, UWB tags, UWB modules, and software interface.
Block Diagram of UWB Positioning System
The principle of UWB positioning is very similar to the principle of satellite navigation and positioning, and the principle of UWB positioning is that by arranging four UWB positioning base stations with known coordinates indoors, the person or equipment that needs to be positioned carries a positioning tag, which transmits pulses according to a certain frequency, and continuously communicates with the four known locations. The tags emit pulses at a certain frequency, continuously measuring the distance to the four known base stations, and accurately calculating the position of the tags through the TDOA algorithm.
UWB positioning process:
Principle of UWB positioning
(1) Each positioning tag sends data frames repeatedly and uninterruptedly with UWB pulses;
(2) The UWB pulse string sent by the positioning tags is received by the positioning base station;
(3) Each positioning base station measures the time of arrival of data frames from each tag to the receiver antenna by means of a high-sensitivity short pulse detector. (3) Each positioning base station uses a highly sensitive short-pulse detector to measure the time it takes for the data frame of each positioning tag to reach the receiver antenna;
(4) the positioning engine refers to the calibration data sent by the tags, determines the difference in the time it takes for the tags to reach the different positioning base stations, and calculates the position of the tags using a three-point positioning technique and optimization algorithm.
(5) The TDOA (Time difference of Arrival) algorithm is used for multi-base station positioning.
UWB positioning is mainly applied to indoor high-precision positioning for obtaining the position information of people or objects within a certain spatial range, and at the same time, it is applied to indoor precise positioning and navigation in various fields, and it can meet the demand for high-precision indoor positioning in tunnels, prisons, chemical industry, factories, coal mines, construction sites, power plants, pensioners, exhibition halls, entire vehicles, engine rooms, airports and other high-precision indoor positioning.
UWB Indoor Positioning Solution Application Areas
Industrial/Automotive: Real-time tracking of assets and inventory, improving processes, increasing search efficiency, and reducing wasted resources;
Logistics Warehousing: Tracking of barcode readers and forklifts, reducing insurance inspections, and making warehousing management flexible;
Military: Personnel locating and equipment tracking, such as urban combat training, ammunition warehouse management, advanced research and development;
Healthcare: real-time tracking of patients for care and management, facilitating condition analysis and treatment improvement, and facilitating human resource management;
Hazardous environments: locating individuals and resources, emergency search of safe locations, personnel monitoring, and optimizing the management process to be safe and effective;
Priority security areas: personnel s entry and exit management, real-time location query, exclusion zone supervision, isolation distance control, personnel scheduling, can monitor and statistics on the personnel's position, route, distance, speed;
Sports: real-time tracking and calculating the direction and speed of the athlete, etc., detailed performance analysis, record the team's game live, video integration.