In order to strengthen the management of major sources of danger in the machinery industry enterprises, on the basis of the investigation and analysis and research of major sources of danger in 47 machinery enterprises, the corresponding control countermeasures are proposed. To guide the machinery industry enterprises to effectively control the major sources of danger, to protect the safety and health of the majority of workers and property from loss.
1 Mechanical industry to determine the basis and principles of major sources of danger
1.1 Determine the basis of major sources of danger
1.1.1 Determine the major sources of danger on the basis of the number of flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances.
By GB 18218-2000 "identification of major sources of danger" listed in the flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances equal to or greater than the critical mass to determine the major sources of danger.
1.1.2 Determine the significant sources of danger based on the size of the risk
In GB/T28001-2001 "Occupational Health and Safety Management System Specification" Terms and Definitions, Risk: the combination of the possibility of occurrence and consequences of a particular hazardous situation. That is, the size of the risk depends on the likelihood of the occurrence of the hazard (i.e., the ease or difficulty of the occurrence of the hazard due to the conditions of existence and triggering factors) and the consequences (i.e., the severity of injury, occupational disease, property damage, and damage to the working environment caused by the occurrence of the hazard).
1.1.3 Relevant State Regulations on Serious Consequences
①Regulations on Extraordinary and Significant Hazards. The former Ministry of Labor issued on August 22, 1995, "the management of major accident hidden danger regulations" in Chapter 2, Article 4: special major hidden danger refers to the potential for causing more than 50 deaths, or direct economic losses of more than 10 million yuan of hidden accidents. Major accident hidden danger refers to the accident hidden danger that may cause more than 10 people, or direct economic loss of more than 5 million yuan.
②Regulations on particularly major accidents. The former Ministry of Labor (1990) No. 9 "on the" Interim Provisions on Investigation Procedures for Particularly Serious Accidents "interpretation of the relevant provisions of the" in the fourth case, that is, highway and other accidents that occurred at a time of 30 deaths and more or direct economic loss of 5 million yuan. Mechanical industry is "other" and the fifth situation, that is, an accident causing acute poisoning of workers and residents of 100 people and more.
3 according to the provisions of the fire classification to determine the major sources of danger. 1996 by the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Labor, the National Bureau of Statistics jointly promulgated the "fire statistics management regulations"
Major fire accidents: more than 10 deaths in a fire; more than 20 serious injuries; more than 20 deaths and serious injuries; more than 50 households affected by the disaster; more than 1 million yuan of direct property losses.
Major fire accidents: more than three people died in a fire; more than 10 people were seriously injured; more than 10 people were seriously injured in death; more than 30 households were affected; and the direct economic loss was more than 300,000 yuan.
General fire accidents: burning accidents that do not have the two previous situations, general fire accidents.
④Based on the degree of injury to determine the major sources of danger. GB/T15236 ~ 94 "Occupational injuries and deaths according to the degree of injury to the classification" in the provisions of:
Major fatal accidents: an accident of death of 3 to 9 people in the accident, the direct economic losses 100,000 to 1 million yuan.
Major fatal accidents: accidents with more than 10 deaths (including 10) in one accident, and direct economic losses of more than 1 million yuan.
⑤References to other industry regulations.
1) Road Traffic: The Measures for Handling Road Traffic Accidents stipulates:
Major Accident: 1 to 2 deaths in a single accident, and property damage of 30,000 to 60,000 yuan
Extraordinary Accident: more than 3 deaths in a single accident, and more than 60,000 yuan in property damage.
2) railroad accidents: "Railroad Accident Handling Rules" in the
Major accidents: three deaths or deaths, injuries to more than five people.
3) ship traffic accident classification standards "ship traffic accident statistics rules" extracted from:
20,000 gross tons or more Major accidents: deaths of three people and more, direct economic losses of more than 1.5 million yuan;
10,000 gross tons or more Major accidents: deaths of three people and more, direct economic losses of more than 1.3 million yuan;
Over 5,000 gross tons Major accidents: three or more deaths and more than 1 million yuan in direct economic losses;
Over 1,000 gross tons Major accidents: three or more deaths and more than 500,000 yuan in direct economic losses;
Over 500 gross tons Major accidents: three or more deaths and more than 350,000 yuan in direct economic losses;
Over 200 gross tons or more; direct economic loss of more than 3 million yuan.
Second-level major accidents: 10 to 29 deaths; direct economic losses of 1 million yuan less than 3 million yuan.
Three major accidents: 3 to 9 deaths; direct economic loss of 300,000 yuan less than 1 million yuan.
From the basis for determining the major sources of danger, it can be seen that the relevant national regulations and standards are mostly based on the severity of the consequences of the provisions (in which hazardous substances depending on the number of), while the industry to determine the major accidents (the consequences of the source of the hazard), some than the relevant provisions of the state of the severity of the lower some. This is related to the hazardous nature and degree of danger of hazardous sources in each industry. Machinery industry from the past so the consequences of accidents caused by the consequences of an accident leading to the death of more than three serious consequences of an accident, although not many, but the major sources of danger still exist.
1.2 determine the principle of major sources of danger in the machinery industry
① machinery industry enterprises in the flammable, explosive, toxic, hazardous substances in the storage area or production area of the number of substances equal to or more than the critical mass of GB18218-2000;
② may lead to an accident resulting in the deaths of three or more, or direct economic losses of 500,000 yuan and above. Or direct economic losses of 500,000 yuan and above;
3 may lead to an accident caused by serious social impact (such as explosions, acute poisoning of many people) and other serious losses (such as environmental damage) of the hazardous source;
4 may cause a collapse of three deaths and above, or the value of the loss of 500,000 yuan and above the hazardous building (structure).
2 Determination of Major Dangerous Sources in the Machinery Industry and Distribution of the Production Process
Based on the basis and principles of determining major dangerous sources in the machinery industry, major dangerous sources in the machinery industry are determined and distributed in various stages of the production process.
2.1 Production conditions and resources to prepare for the stage of determination of significant sources of danger
2.1.1 Materials and storage systems:
① Storage equal to or exceeding the critical amount of substances specified in the GB18218-2000 standard tanks, such as liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks area, natural gas distribution tanks area, propane storage tanks area, gasoline, Refining, diesel fuel storage tanks and hydrogen, gas, storage tanks, etc..
② storage equal to or more than the GB18218-2000 standard critical mass of substances such as explosive substances (civil explosives), flammable substances (methanol, ethanol, light oil), active chemicals (such as peroxides), toxic substances (such as cyanide, benzene, xylene, cresol), etc., storage area; storage of blooms GB18218-2000 standard for compressed gases, liquefied gases, dissolved gases, industrial gas cylinders more than 50 bottles (50 bottles to reach the critical mass) of the intermediate storage area, turnover storage area.
3 storage GB18218-2000 standards other than the provisions of the hazardous chemicals storage tanks or storage areas, such as oxygen storage tanks, storage of flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous, such as organic solvents, Xiexie, cleaning agents, acids, alkalis, salts, calcium carbide, paraffin, paint, passivation solution, phosphating solution, cyanide salts, glass fiber reinforced plastic production of the original pavement material, flammable packages and other flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful inorganic and organic substances and raw and auxiliary materials, premises and storage areas.
2.1.2 Thermal system: boiler, heat exchanger, heat transfer piping and so on.
2.1.3 Gas production system
①Air compression system: air compressor, storage tanks and pressure piping and so on.
② gas system: gas production area (furnace) purification equipment, heating equipment, compression and transportation equipment, storage tanks, waste heat boilers, such as the above facilities and equipment in the same area as a major source of danger, such as the existence of separate equipment and facilities can be a variety of facilities and equipment as a separate source of major danger.
③ Oxygen system: electrolysis equipment or air separation equipment (production area) and storage equipment (area) is a major source of danger.
④ Hydrogen production system: electrolysis equipment or low-grade alkane water vapor synthesis equipment (production area) and storage facilities are significant sources of danger.
⑤ Acetylene gas production system: Acetylene generator (production area) and storage facilities may be identified as significant sources of danger.
6 the above gases more than 25 bottles at a time filling and use of convergence facilities (sites) may lead to an accident with three or more deaths as a major source of danger.
2.1.4 Production, office and public **** with buildings: the use of identified and unidentified (intuitively empirically determined) dangerous buildings are significant sources of risk.
2.1.5 wood type production and other wood products area, wood, plastic, chemical brazing stacking place may lead to a major fire can be identified as a major source of risk.
2.2 Determination of Significant Hazard Sources in Casting System
Significant hazard sources in casting system mainly come from scorching metal solution. In the melting and manual, semi-automated pouring process, a large number of hot metal solution due to the furnace, through the package, overflow, dumping the production area can be identified as a major source of danger caused by major accidents.
2.3 spraying, heat treatment, welding operations to determine the sources of major hazards
① spraying operations system: in addition to easy poisoning and asphyxiation, electrocution accidents and localized, and can lead to explosions and major fires. Due to the different degree of automation of the paint spraying operations of various enterprises, the differences in the efficiency of the facilities and equipment to deal with paint mist and the size of the operation and the number of paint stored on site to determine the major sources of risk in different situations.
② heat treatment operations: heat treatment with oil pools may lead to a major fire, generally a major source of danger.
③ welding and cutting operations: the possibility of fire, explosion, but the severity of injury or property damage, largely dependent on the operating environment and site conditions. In a specific flammable and explosive workplace or operating environment for welding and cutting operations in the region can be used as a temporary source of major hazards.
2.4 Determination of significant sources of risk in the product packaging stage
Wooden packaging or paper packaging storage places where there is a possibility of major fires, generally identified as a major source of risk.
2.5 Determination of Significant Hazardous Sources in the Transportation of Hazardous Chemical Substances
Substance Transportation Facilities and Equipment: As a mobile hazardous source, the consequences of an accident are also very serious. In particular, vehicles loaded with hazardous substances (including highways and railroads) can be used as temporary sources of significant danger.
2.6 Pressure Vessels and Pressure Pipelines Determination of Significant Hazardous Sources
In addition to the above systems with pressure vessels with the host in the same area as a significant source of danger, the independent existence of I, II, III operation of the pressure vessel as a significant source of danger. Pressure piping due to the length, pressure, temperature, diameter, flow rate, flow rate, age and the different media in the pipe and the size of the degree of risk is also different. Regardless of what kind of medium in the pipe, the longer its length, the greater the pressure, the greater the scope of energy release waves, can be identified as a major source of danger.
2.7 electric power system and high-voltage electrical product testing system to determine the major sources of danger
High and low voltage station on duty may cause many deaths and the impact of the entire enterprise blackout and high-voltage electrical product testing station may cause many deaths can be identified as a major source of danger.
2.8 Determination of major sources of risk of lifting machinery
200 tons and more lifting machinery may lead to major accidents can be identified as a major source of risk.
3 classification of major sources of danger in the machinery industry
Based on the scope of the determination of major sources of danger in the machinery industry is categorized as follows:
3.1 flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances of the storage tanks
including: liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks; natural gas distribution tanks; gas storage tanks; hydrogen storage tanks; oxygen storage tanks; propane storage tanks; gasoline, Kerosene, diesel fuel storage tanks; gas, coal, diesel fuel station; other harmful substances, liquid, gas storage tanks.
3.2 flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances of the storage area
including: containing flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances of industrial cylinders 50 bottles and above storage, intermediate storage, turnover warehouse; storage of flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances of hazardous chemical storage area; wooden packaging, wood-based products, paper packaging storage.
3.3 Production sites with fire, explosion and poisoning hazards
Including: gas production area; oxygen production area; hydrogen production area; acetylene production area; compressed air production area; paint spraying production lines (areas, workshops); heat treatment oil pools that may lead to major fires; air compression operation areas; and other operations that may lead to major fires or explosions; casting system Melting, semi-automatic and manual, pouring of the operating area; containing liquefied gases, compressed gases, dissolved gases, industrial gas cylinders at a time of 50 bottles and above the filling place or a one-time use of 25 bottles and above the confluence of the place (area) (50 bottles to reach the GB18218-2000 standards in the critical amount)
3.4 Enterprise hazardous buildings (structures) Buildings
Including: being used, production, office, living, recreation, education, assembly with dangerous buildings (structures) (identified or intuitively empirically determined)
3.5 pressure piping
Including: gas, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, propane, steam, acetylene gas and other pressure piping.
3.6 Boilers
Including: steam boilers and pressurized hot water boilers in heat systems.
3.7 Pressure Vessels
In addition to a variety of gas production equipment and facilities attached to the pressure vessel, but also includes: pressure vessels in the air compression system (industrial cylinders in a separate line); heat exchangers; kerosene gas-phase drying tanks; vulcanization tanks for cables; liquefied petroleum tanker for transport (highway, railroad); medical hyperbaric oxygen silo and other I, II, III types of pressure vessels.
3.8 substation, high-voltage product testing station
3.9 200 tons and above crane
Significant sources of danger, listed in nine categories, mainly based on the GB18218-2000 standard to reach the critical amount of the standard and may lead to an accident with the deaths of three people and more than the consequences, or direct economic losses 500,000 yuan and above can be identified as a major source of danger (not to reach the GB18218-2000 standards set out in the critical mass of tanks, warehouses and production sites, but may cause the consequences of this can be designated as a major source of danger).
Due to the different production conditions of each enterprise, the facilities and installations, the capacity of different sizes. Therefore, some production sites, such as some welding operations, spraying operations, etc., there is no flammable and explosive substances around, it is unlikely that major fires and explosions, it is unlikely that the deaths of three people and the consequences of the above, or unlikely that the direct economic loss of 500,000 yuan and above the consequences of the above; there are facilities and installations, away from the buildings and the crowd is far away, such as boiler room, air pressure station, etc., the occurrence of an accident is unlikely to cause deaths of three and the consequences of the above, or unlikely to directly cause economic losses of 500,000 yuan and above. The consequences of an accident is unlikely to cause deaths of three people and more, or not likely to direct economic losses of 500,000 yuan and above, can be designated as an important source of danger. There is this not necessarily all nine categories are identified as significant sources of danger, mainly based on two points:
One is to reach the GB18218-2000 standard in the critical mass and above, and the second is likely to cause large consequences, each enterprise should be assessed according to their own reality.
4 Grading of Major Dangerous Sources in Machinery Industry
4.1 Determination of Principles of Grouping Major Dangerous Sources in Machinery Industry
Based on the basis of determining major dangerous sources in the machinery industry, the principles of grading are determined
1, based on the severity of the major dangers that may lead to accidents grading
1) an accident may lead to death of 3 to 9 people, or direct Economic loss of 500,000 yuan to less than 1 million yuan of major sources of danger for major sources of danger.
② an accident may lead to death 10 to 29 people, or direct economic losses of 1 million yuan to less than 5 million yuan of major sources of danger for the very large sources of danger.
3 an accident may result in the death of 30 people and more, or direct economic losses of 5 million yuan and above the major sources of danger for the particularly significant sources of danger.
2, based on the number of flammable, explosive, toxic and hazardous substances graded.
1) equal to the GB18218-2000 standard critical mass of major sources of danger.
② greater than the amount of GB18218-2000 standards to the amount of 1.5 times and below the source of great danger.
3 greater than the GB18218-2000 standard for the critical amount of 1.5 times the critical amount of particularly significant sources of danger.
5 machinery industry major sources of danger control countermeasures
Machinery industry enterprises, the existence of major sources of danger of the leadership of the unit, should attach great importance to strengthening the leadership to prevent the occurrence of major accidents. Its main responsibilities are:
5.1 Management of major sources of danger
1, to master the distribution of major sources of danger in the unit, the nature of the danger, the existence of the situation and the trigger conditions and the possibility of causing accidents and their serious consequences, responsible for the management of major sources of danger on-site, and registration and archiving;
2, the development of the enterprise's major dangers with the appropriate management system and Operating procedures, to ensure that they can be fully implemented and seriously assessed, and found that problems are handled in a timely manner;
3, the development of emergency response plan, and submitted to the relevant competent authorities for the record;
4, the organization and implementation of the major sources of hazardous education, so that the major sources of hazardous substances related to the ability to meet the demand for major sources of hazardous substances;
5, the organization of simulation of the major sources of hazardous substances leading to a major accident. Major accidents on the emergency measures taken, if necessary, the organization of rescue facilities, equipment deployment and personnel evacuation exercises;
6, keep abreast of the dynamic changes in the major sources of danger; regular organization of the control and management of the program review and revision;
7, to maintain the rescue materials, equipment and protective gear intact and effective.
5.2 Control of major sources of danger
5.2.1 Technical control
Technical measures to control major dangers, the main technical controls are: elimination of potential hazards, reduce the level of danger, distance protection, time protection, shielding, solid, weak link principle, the principle of non-approach, the principle of interlocking, replacing the operation, the principle of warning alerts, redundant technology, Personal protection, etc. Mechanical industrial enterprises in the presence of major sources of danger should be based on the nature of major sources of danger, the existence of the state, as well as the enterprise's own technical, financial, human and material resources to selectively adopt the above measures in order to achieve the purpose of eliminating, controlling, protecting and transferring the major sources of danger.
5.2.2 Human Behavior Control
Control human errors and reduce the triggering effect of human incorrect behavior on major sources of danger. Timely detection of misoperation, command error, incorrect or lack of judgment, carelessness, boredom, laziness, fatigue, nervousness, disease or find defects, incorrect use of protective equipment and protective devices. The ability and awareness of the incompatibility of the personnel should be promptly educated to achieve job safety operation standardization.
①Strengthen education and training, enhance safety awareness and self-protection ability
The control of major sources of danger depends on the leaders at all levels and the relevant operating personnel's safety awareness, safety knowledge and mastery of operational skills, so it must be involved in the control of major sources of danger related to the leaders and personnel to carry out regular specialized education and training.
The training content mainly includes: the significance of the management of major sources of danger; the post (department) of the category of major sources of danger; trigger conditions and control measures; daily operational requirements; emergency response measures. Through training and education, the safety awareness and ability of relevant personnel can meet the needs of controlling major sources of danger.
②Job operation standardization
According to the major sources of danger and the operation of the law of operation, the formulation of reasonable safety regulations or operating instructions, and really put into practice.
5.2.3Management control
①Establish and improve the rules and regulations for the management of major sources of danger. On the basis of the analysis of major sources of danger, establish and improve the regulations and systems of major sources of danger, including the responsibility system for safe production, control implementation rules, safety operation procedures, training system, shift handover system, inspection system, information feedback system, approval system for dangerous operations, emergency measures for abnormal situations and assessment, reward and punishment system, so as to incorporate the major sources of danger into the management of legalization.
② clear responsibility, regular inspection
The major sources of danger to determine the person in charge at all levels, and clarify their specific responsibilities. In particular, it is necessary to clarify the responsibility of all levels of regular inspection of major sources of danger. Including daily self-inspection by operators, regular inspection by functional departments, and occasional supervision by leaders.
③Strengthen the daily management of major sources of danger
Improve the safety duty, shift handover, daily safety inspection and proper operation according to the operating procedures. All activities should be carefully documented and under control.
4 Grasp the information feedback and deal with the problems found in time
It is recommended to improve the information feedback system, formulate the information feedback system and strictly implement it. The problems found in the inspection should be based on its nature and severity, according to the provisions of the information feedback and rectification at all levels, and make a good record of rectification, found that the major problems reported to the competent leadership in a timely manner, the organization of emergency treatment.
⑤ Improve the control of major sources of danger management infrastructure
Major sources of danger of the safety file and set up safety signs, clearly marked major sources of danger, indicating the person in charge, and briefly indicate the precautionary measures.
6 Improve the assessment and evaluation of the control and management of the major sources of danger, as well as the rewards and punishments.
The major sources of danger control management of all aspects of the work should be formulated assessment standards, and strive to quantify. Regular and strict assessment and evaluation, give rewards or penalties, year by year to improve the requirements, and promote the management of major sources of danger to improve the level.
5.3 Development of emergency response plan for major sources of danger
Based on the nature and consequences of major sources of danger, the development of appropriate emergency response plan, and review its effectiveness and feasibility, if necessary, to organize simulation exercises for the relevant personnel, the problems found in the exercise, the corresponding emergency response plan should be revised.
5.3.1 Procedures for making emergency response plan
Figure: Procedures for making emergency response plan
①Analysis of danger and its development process
Mainly analyze the three elements of the source of the danger, i.e.: the existence conditions, triggering factors, and potential danger.
Existing conditions include: storage conditions, such as stacking, quantity, ventilation, isolation, etc.; physical and chemical properties, such as temperature, pressure, state flash point, ignition point, explosion limit, toxic, hazardous properties, etc.; equipment state of intactness, defects, maintenance, age, etc.; protection conditions such as protective measures, troubleshooting measures, safety devices and signs, etc.; operating conditions, such as operating technical level, operating error rate, etc.; management conditions, such as organization, command, control, planning, etc..
Trigger factor analysis includes: human factors, such as incorrect operation, carelessness, carelessness, psychological factors, physiological factors, etc.; management factors, such as incorrect management, incorrect training, command errors, errors in judgment and decision-making, design errors, faulty organizational arrangements, etc.; natural factors, including the transformation of the source of the hazards caused by a variety of natural conditions and other changes, such as temperature, air pressure, humidity, temperature, wind speed, lightning, vibration, earthquakes, landslides and so on.
The analysis of potential hazards of hazardous sources includes: the evolution of the accident after triggering; due to the different characteristics of the hazardous sources, different triggering conditions and different state of the facilities and equipment, the evolution of the accident after triggering is not the same. Its disaster diffusion and proliferation speed and the severity of the resulting consequences are not the same. Hazardous source into an accident, is the accidental release of energy or hazardous substances leakage, distribution results. Energy, including mechanical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, bioenergy, ergonomics, other seven categories, the greater the amount of energy of the source of danger, indicating that the greater the potential danger. Toxic and hazardous substances include direct harm to the human body, resulting in poisoning, disease, disability, cancer and so on.
②Emergency Area Scope Delineation
According to the degree of harm that may be caused by the accident and the scope of the hazardous space is different, the need to do the scope of the area of the emergency response is divided into emergency response within the plant and outside the plant emergency. In-plant emergency is the enterprise site emergency, for each major source of danger, the enterprise should be prepared on-site emergency plan. For the accident may be affected around the plant, causing casualties or property damage around, it is necessary to prepare an emergency response plan outside the plant, and reported to the competent government departments to be coordinated.
③ Preparation of emergency response plan
According to the evolution of major sources of danger and the actual situation of the enterprise and the surrounding environment and other factors, respectively, according to the plant emergency and emergency response to the preparation of emergency response plan outside the plant. The core content of the emergency plan is the technical and organizational measures taken. Emergency plan preparation is completed, need to organize experts to assess its practicality and reliability.
4 Emergency Plan Exercise
Through the exercise, test the practicality and reliability of the plan; test whether all the relevant personnel are clear about their responsibilities and the degree of emergency action to improve the team's level of coordinated response and combat capability; improve the staff's ability to avoid accidents, prevent accidents, and control the development of accidents and awareness; in the exercise, problems and deficiencies are found to be revised plan, and the modified plan will be notified. And notify all personnel related to the emergency plan of the revised plan.
⑤Summary report
After the end of the emergency plan drill, its appropriateness and effectiveness are summarized in time. Problems in cooperation and coordination of all relevant departments in emergency operations are found in time and evaluated and necessary revisions are made, documents are formed, filed and kept together with records, and all relevant parties are notified.
5.3.2 Organizational measures of the emergency plan
Organizational measures are mainly around the completion of technical measures to establish a rigorous and thorough emergency organization system, alarm contact system and clear division of labor and duties of relevant personnel.
①Establishment of emergency organization system
Generally includes the establishment of emergency rescue command center, chemical, radiation protection and evaluation group, firefighting group, transportation, operation control group, technical support group, communication and liaison group, medical rescue group, rescue and overhaul group, logistical support group, as well as law and order, public information, personnel evacuation system.
The emergency command center should have a sufficient number of internal and external communication facilities, the list of relevant personnel (including experts), address, contact and external agencies, government departments in charge of telephone and related facilities and equipment schematic diagrams. The schematic diagram of facilities and equipment should indicate the location of major sources of danger, the storage point of safety facilities, fire systems, water sources, sewage drainage systems, imports and exports, assembly points and the relationship between the surrounding community.
Emergency command center should be located in the place of least risk, or consider shifting the location, in case the command center is hazardous invasion after backup.
②Internal and external agencies alarm and contact methods, steps
External agencies include social rescue centers, firefighters, public security, environmental protection, safety supervision, hospitals, relevant government departments and rescue material suppliers. Alarm and contact system should be prioritized to cut or independent emergency communication and information systems. Modern communication technology and computer networks, multimedia technology and so on.
Enterprises should promptly notify all relevant employees and relevant parties outside the plant of any sudden accidents or emergencies and make arrangements. Alarm systems shall be installed in multiple locations and in a certain number, and the manner or procedure of alarming shall be specified.
③Specify the person in charge of each organization in the emergency system and their duties and authority
The group of various functions to be established in the emergency system should be clearly responsible for the person in charge, and their duties and authority should be stipulated in the form of documents, so that each of them can perform their own duties and responsibilities in the emergency response, and the work can be intense and orderly in the state of emergency, and at the same time, it should also be stipulated that the relevant operating personnel can reach their respective posts quickly and accurately and work orderly in the state of emergency. At the same time, it should also be stipulated that the relevant operators can quickly and accurately arrive at their respective positions and operate in an orderly manner during the emergency.
④Necessary training for emergency personnel
Since the emergency personnel from their respective production positions, the lack of relevant knowledge and skills required in an emergency, the need for necessary training, training content should include emergency response techniques, rescue knowledge, fire knowledge, personal protection and evacuation knowledge, as well as knowledge of the operation of the rescue facilities and equipment.
5.3.3 Technical measures of the emergency plan
Technical measures for emergency response is set for the source of danger or accidents must be used in technical methods, means, equipment and facilities and specific operational requirements and steps and other technical measures. Emergency basic equipment is generally divided into two categories of basic and specialized equipment; basic equipment generally refers to the emergency response required for rescue and repair equipment, firefighting systems and additional sewage discharge system, internal and external communication facilities, transportation, lighting equipment and protective equipment; specialized equipment is mainly used by the professional response team of special tools (items), such as testing equipment, medical emergency equipment and first-aid medicines, leakage plugging Specialized tools and devices, sprinklers, heavy lifting equipment, soil stacker, special firefighting equipment, equipment, fire trucks, wind speed and direction measurement equipment, material isolation, transfer, facilities and equipment.
Attached: a machine propane station major accident emergency plan example
GB-18218-2000 Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4
Chinese machinery industry safety and health association
August 26, 2004 .
Attachment:
Example of Emergency Response Plan for Major Accident at Propane Station of a Plant
I. Assessment of the Possibility of Major Accident
1. Assessment of the Performance of Propane: Propane is a hydrocarbon, with the boiling point of -42.17℃, which is very low, and it is in a boiling state in room temperature; propane has a very low flash point, which is 104℃, and it is extremely easy to flash; propane is very easy to ignite; and it is also easy to be flashed. Propane flash point is very low, -104 ℃, extremely easy to flash ignition; propane combustion value is high, low heat per standard cubic meter is about 20,000 Kcal, the flame temperature is as high as 2,000 ℃; propane combustion speed is fast, generally in the range of 0.38 to 0.5 km / s, once the combustion occurs, even if the distance of hundreds of meters, but also in the shortest period of time to burn to the point of leakage; propane coefficient of expansion is large, at 15 ℃ when it is the coefficient of expansion of the volume of water than the big 16 times. With the storage environment temperature increases, the pressure in the container of propane also increases. 1 ton of propane liquid evaporation for the explosion of the lower limit of the gas, the volume of the expansion of about 510 times, the formation of the explosion, but also about 45.5 times the expansion of the total expansion of about 23,200 times. Thus, in the instant of the explosion due to the rapid expansion of the gas formed by the shock wave and the release of enormous energy, the destructive nature of the extremely alarming; propane specific gravity 44 (propane molecular weight) / 29 (air molecular weight) = 1.52, specific gravity is heavier than the air, leakage usually accumulates to the surface of the diffusion to the rescuer poses a great danger.
2. Evaluation of the conditions of use: I plant in the northwest corner of the plant set up three equal capacity storage tanks, each with a capacity of 50 m3, ***150 m3, the highest storage in recent years is generally in the 45 m3 or so, around the firewall isolation, become an independent compound, the yard and outside of the fire escape channel is open and clear, and the establishment of a rigorous management system and operating procedures, the yard is equipped with a sprinkler facilities and water sources and the corresponding There are sprinkler facilities and water sources and corresponding fire-fighting equipments stored in the yard, and they are managed by specialized personnel on special shifts. There is a gas height monitoring management opposite to the fire fighting channel outside the hospital. Outside the yard opposite the fire escape has a gas height monitoring room, by the pipeline to each need for energy use of the workshop, the use of the point is equipped with the appropriate fire-fighting equipment, generally can meet the needs of safe production.
3, the possible emergencies: transportation tanker loading and unloading due to the rupture of the pipeline, the breakage of the shut-off valve failure and leakage, coupled with static elimination of equipment failure or fire, or produce accidental vibration, impact, lightning, and climate anomalies and the ignition of the liquid-phase or gas-phase propane; in the process of using the delivery pipeline rupture (eg, pressure break, impact, digging, rust, corrosion, etc.), the control valve Failure of the control valve; maintenance process of replacement of improper treatment and ignition (detonation), may produce fire, explosion accident.
4, the expansion of the emergency: leakage of the initial stage for various reasons or conditions, can not be properly dealt with in a timely manner, or the relevant personnel panic in the emergence of unsafe behavior and lead to a large number of leakage of propane, the nearby workshop sparks generated by electricity. Forging workshop fire heat source and other fires, may detonate to reach the explosive limit of the gas mixture, and then a chain reaction of its serious consequences are unimaginable.
Two, the emergency plan of the organizational measures
1, the establishment of the emergency rescue command center and the establishment of the relevant personnel and unit responsibilities
1.1 commander-in-chief: Zhang Zhang in charge of production safety as the commander-in-chief, is responsible for directing the whole plant emergency treatment and rescue work, as well as the emergency situation after the quelling of the work of the rapid resumption of production. When the rescue work needs, the right to mobilize all the relevant personnel and related facilities and equipment; when the harm is further expanded and can not (incapable of) rescue, in order to protect the safety and life of the relevant personnel, the right to make the abandonment of the relevant facilities and equipment rescue; when the harm endangered the life and safety of the employees have the right to make the decision to stop work for evacuation.
1.3 senior Ma Ji as a technical adviser (expert): responsible for