If you are a student you can go to Dalian Maritime University. If you want to go to sea as a seafarer then you can find a ship service company, they arrange for you to go on board to do some simple ship operations. The following give you some professional: Nautical College generally have navigation, ship art, cargo, marine instrumentation, marine English, communications, maritime management and other nautical technology majors in the school period to learn the main professional basic courses and professional courses are: nautical English conversation and reading, nautical mechanics, electrical technology, ship radio technology foundation, micro-computer principles and applications, principles of the ship, nautical science, ship structure and equipment, Ship Maneuvering, Ship Watching and Collision Avoidance, Nautical Meteorology and Oceanography, Ship Safety and Management, Nautical Instrumentation, GMDSS Equipment and Communication Business, Ship Freight Transportation, Ocean Transportation Business and Maritime Law, Shipping Economy and Shipping Market Management. Maritime Management Major Maritime Management specializes in distinctive features. During the school period, students learn the basic knowledge required for engineering majors, major nautical professional courses, the theory and technical basis of safety management, the foundation of jurisprudence, laws and regulations and international conventions on maritime safety management. Geographic Information System Major The major basic and specialized courses are: Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing Principles and Applications, GPS Principles and Applications, Surveying, Electronic Nautical Charting System, Nautical Science, Nautical Meteorology and Oceanography, Maritime Management, Secondary Development of GIS, Remote Sensing Image Processing and Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Database Principles and Applications, Principles and Applications of VTS and AIS, and Internship of GIS and Remote Sensing.
The ship's crew has been working on a number of projects.
The School of Turbine Engineering has the undergraduate majors of turbine engineering (two directions of turbine management and ship engine repair), electrical engineering and automation (two directions of ship electrical engineering and port electrical engineering), ship electronic and electrical engineering, ship and ocean engineering, and thermal energy and power engineering. There is a doctoral degree authorization point of turbine engineering, turbine engineering, marine engineering and automation, power electronics and power transmission, power systems and automation, ship and marine structure design and manufacturing, power machinery and engineering turbine engineering major basic courses and specialized courses are: engineering fluid dynamics, electrical circuits and electronic technology, engineering thermodynamics and heat transfer, turbine engineering materials, mechanical design basis, turbine Monitoring technology and application, ship electrical equipment and systems, ship diesel engines, ship auxiliary engines, turbine automation, turbine maintenance and repair, ship power plant technology management.
Marine electronic and electrical engineering specializing in the main basic courses and specialized courses are: circuit principles, basic analog electronics, digital electronics, power electronics, communication electronics, automatic control principles, microcomputer principles and applications, ship LAN technology and applications, programmable controllers and their communication networks, electromagnetism, AC frequency control system, ship power plant, ship electric power drag system, ship main engine monitoring and control system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system, ship power supply system. system, ship host monitoring and control system, ship auxiliary control device, ship integrated bridge system, ship electronic and electrical technology, ship electronic and electrical professional English and other courses.
Electrical engineering and automation major basic and specialized courses are: circuit principles, basic analog electronics, basic digital electronics, embedded systems technology, automatic control theory, signals and systems, electrical engineering, power electronics, power traction automatic control system, ship power station and its automatic device, ship machinery power traction device, port power supply system, Port Machinery Electrical Drives, etc.
Ship and ocean engineering major basic courses and specialized courses are: ship and ocean engineering hydrodynamics, theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, shipbuilding theory and technology, ship and ocean engineering structures, ship hydrostatics, ship resistance and propulsion, ship design principles, ship design software applications, ship and ocean engineering structural mechanics, ship and ocean structure strength, ship structure finite element analysis, computer principles and the application of the ship design software, ship and ocean engineering structural mechanics, the strength of the ship and ocean structure, ship and ocean structure finite element analysis, computer principles and the application of the finite element analysis. Structural Finite Element Analysis, Computer Principles and Applications, Mechanical Design, Ship Repair Technology, Ship and Ocean Engineering Regulations, Ship Design Software Applications, Ship Power Plants and Systems, Ship Electrical System Design, Electrical and Electronic Technology.
The main specialized basic courses and specialized courses in thermal and power engineering are: drawing geometry and mechanical drawing, mechanical principles, mechanical design basis, mechanics of materials, theoretical mechanics, engineering thermodynamics, heat transfer, electrical engineering, the basis of marine power plant, engineering fluid mechanics, gas turbine principle, gas dynamics, steam turbine device, ship refrigeration technology. There is also the sea passenger specialty, which generally works on luxury cruise ships.
2. General knowledge of the ship
First, the ship structure The ship is a tool for maritime transportation.
Although the size of the ship, but the main part of its structure is similar. Ships are mainly composed of the following parts: (a) Shell (Shell) Shell that is the shell of the ship, is a multi-block steel riveted or welded combination, including the keel wing plate, the curved outer plate and the upper outboard plate three parts.
(B) the ship frame (Frame) frame refers to a variety of materials used to support the hull of the general term, divided into longitudinal and transverse materials in two parts. Longitudinal materials include keel, bottom bone and side bone; transverse materials include ribs, beams and bulkheads.
(C) Deck (Deck) deck is laid on the beam of the ship's steel plate, the hull is separated into the upper, middle and lower layers. Large ships can be as many as six or seven decks, its role is to strengthen the hull structure and facilitate the layering of loads and loading.
(D) cabin (Holds and Tanks) Cabin refers to the deck below the various uses of space, including the bow cabin, aft cabin, cargo hold, machine cabin and boiler cabin. (E) ship surface building (Super Structure) ship surface building refers to the main deck above the building, for the crew to work and live and storage of ship's equipment, which includes the bow room, the stern room and the bridge.
(F) bow (head): the front part of the ship. It is called on both sides of the hull bending first gangway (bow).
(G) stern (stern): the rear part of the ship. It is called on both sides of the hull bending the tail side (quarter).
(h) bilge (bilge): the part of the ship where the side plate and the bottom plate intersect. Ship scale (ix) maximum scale: also known as the full scale or perimeter scale, it can determine the length of docking berths, whether or not you can pass under the bridge, into a dock.
Full length (maximum length): refers to the foremost and last end of the ship between (including the outer plate and the two ends of the permanent fixed protrusions, including) the horizontal distance. Overall width (maximum width): the maximum horizontal distance perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline plane, including the ship's outer plates and permanent fixed projections.
Maximum height: the vertical distance from the bottom edge of the keel to the highest point of the ship. It is subtracted from the draft to get the height of the ship above the water.
(J) registration scale: is the competent authority in the registration of ships and the calculation of gross tonnage, net tonnage of the ship used in the scale, which is set out in the tonnage certificate. Registration length: on the upper surface of the upper deck, the horizontal distance from the leading edge of the bow post to the trailing edge of the stern post; when there is no stern post, it is measured to the center of the rudder bar.
Registered width: the horizontal distance between the outer surfaces of the two outboards at the maximum width of the ship. Registration depth: at the midpoint of the registration length of the ship's longitudinal section, the vertical distance from the lower surface of the upper deck down to the upper surface of the inner bottom plate.
(XI) ship type scale: Length: along the summer load waterline, from the bow edge to the horizontal distance from the rear edge of the stern column, also known as the length of the two columns. Type width: the widest part of the hull of the horizontal distance between the outer edges of the two gangway ribs.
Type depth: at the midpoint of the ship's length, from the upper edge of the flat keel to the upper edge of the vertical distance from the upper edge of the dry deck beam. (XII) Draft: the vertical distance from the upper edge of the flat keel to the water surface.
Plus the thickness of the flat keel, the actual draft. Second, the type of ship There are many types of ships for marine cargo transportation.
Cargo transportation ships in accordance with their different uses, can be divided into two categories of dry cargo ships and tankers: (a) Dry Cargo Ship (Dry Cargo Ship) According to the loaded goods and ship structure, equipment, can be divided into: 1. Grocery ships (General Cargo Ship) Grocery ships generally refers to the regular sailing in the freight busy routes, in order to shipments of incidental grocery-based ships. General Cargo Ship (General Cargo Ship) This ship sailing speed is faster, the ship is equipped with enough lifting equipment, the ship structure has a multi-layer deck to separate the cabin into multi-layer containers to adapt to the needs of loading different goods.
2. Dry bulk carriers (Bulk Cargo Ship) Bulk carriers are used to load unpackaged bulk cargo ships. According to the different types of goods loaded, can be divided into grain ship (Grain Ship), coal ship (Collier) and ore ship (Ore Ship).
Most of these ships are single deck, the cabin is not set up pillars, but there are bulkheads to prevent misplaced cargo in the cabin running in the wind and waves.3. Refrigerated Ship Refrigerated ships are specialized in loading frozen perishable goods ship.
The ship is equipped with refrigeration system, can adjust a variety of temperatures to adapt to the different temperature needs of the goods in each cabin.4. Timber ship (Timber ship) Timber ship is specially used for loading timber or logs of the ship.
The ship's hatch is large, no beams and pillars in the cabin and other obstacles to the loading and unloading of equipment. Both the cabin and the deck can be loaded with timber.
In order to prevent the deck of the wood washed out by the waves, on both sides of the side of the ship is generally set up not less than one meter of the gangway wall.5. Container Ship (Container Ship) Container ship can be divided into part of the container ship, the whole container ship and can be transformed into three kinds of container ship: (1) part of the container ship (Partial container ship).
Only the central part of the ship as a container of specialized compartments, other compartments are still loaded with ordinary general cargo. (2) Full container ship (Full Container Ship).
Refers to the ship used exclusively for the shipment of containers. It is different from the general grocery ship, its cargo hold has a grille type shelves, equipped with vertical rails, easy to containers along the rails down, four corners of the grille constraints, can prevent dumping.
Container ship cabin can be stacked three to nine layers of containers, the deck can also be stacked three to four layers. (3) can change the container ship (Convertible Container Ship).
The structure of the container loaded in its cargo hold is detachable. Therefore, it can be loaded with containers, if necessary, can also be loaded with ordinary general cargo.
Container ship speed is faster, most of the ship itself does not have lifting equipment, need to rely on the dock lifting equipment for loading and unloading. This kind of container ship is also known as hanging on and off the ship.
6. Roll-on/roll-off ship, also known as Roll on/Roll off Ship (Roll on/Roll off Ship) Roll-on/roll-off ship is mainly used to transport cars and containers. This ship itself does not require loading and unloading equipment, generally on the side of the ship or the ship's first and last open ramp connected to the dock, loading and unloading of goods, or cars, or containers (loaded on the trailer) directly into or out of the cabin.
The advantage of this kind of ship is that it does not rely on the loading and unloading equipment on the pier, and the loading and unloading speed is fast, which can accelerate the turnover of the ship.7. Barge Carrier (Barge Carrier), also known as the mother ship.
It refers to the barge on a large ship, the barge is loaded with cargo ships. The main advantage of the barge is not subject to port depth restrictions, do not need to take up berths, loading and unloading of goods are carried out in the anchorage, loading and unloading efficiency.
At present, the more commonly used barge carriers are mainly "Lahi" type (Lighter Aboard Ship.)
3. General knowledge about seafarers
1. What is the senior crew, what is the ordinary crew? What are their jobs? Senior crew members include: captains, chief engineers, pilots (first mate, second mate, third mate), engineers (chief steward, second steward, third steward), and motormen.
Ordinary crew includes: chief seaman, chief mechanic, sailor, mechanic, cook, waiter, trainee. The main work of the pilot is: eight-hour watch on the bridge, responsible for directing the sailors to maneuver the ship, positioning, avoiding and so on.
The main job of engineers is to be on duty in the engine control room, responsible for the daily use and maintenance of the ship's power system and electromechanical equipment. The sailor's main work is: steering on the bridge duty, overtime daily maintenance, such as rust, paint, etc..
The main work of the mechanic is: the daily maintenance of the machine. 2. How long is the training time for seafarers? How long is the training time for seafarers and where is the training place? For ordinary seafarers, the training time is usually 4 months.
Professional training must be carried out in the State Maritime Administration designated training institutions with appropriate qualifications, the specific training location by the company and the training institution contact; senior seafarers, the training time of two to three years, to obtain state-recognized nautical college or secondary school education. The training places are Wuhan, Shanghai, Dalian and other maritime universities or maritime vocational and technical colleges recognized by the State Maritime Administration.
3. What are the organizational systems on board? Ocean-going cargo ships are generally more than 10,000 tons, the ship's crew is generally 19-24 people. In addition to the captain, the political commissar, senior crew of 8 people, ordinary crew of 10 people, cook 2 people.
The crew organization system is divided into deck department, engine department. There is a clear job division within each department.
1, deck department. Mainly responsible for ship navigation, hull maintenance and ship operations in the accumulation of goods, loading and unloading equipment, cargo care during the voyage; in charge of driving equipment, including navigational instruments, signaling equipment, nautical library and communication equipment; responsible for life-saving, firefighting, leakage control equipment; in charge of the cabin, anchors, bollards, and loading and unloading equipment in general maintenance; responsible for the cargo hold system and the outside of the cabin fresh water, ballast water and sewage system use and treatment.
2.
2, turbine department. Mainly responsible for the main engine, boiler, auxiliary engine and all kinds of electromechanical equipment management, use and maintenance; responsible for the management and maintenance of the ship's power system.
3, Ministry of Affairs. Mainly responsible for the ship's personnel meals, life services and financial work.
4. Category A, B and C seafarers is how to divide? Seafarers are usually divided into A, B, C and D categories according to the route. Category A seafarers can sail around the world, also known as international seafarers; Category B seafarers can sail along the offshore areas, such as Southeast Asia, for the regional category of seafarers; Category C seafarers can navigate in the coastal area; Category D seafarers can sail along the near-shore area.
5. Is it safe to work on a ship? The safety coefficient of ship navigation is more than 100 times higher than that of automobile and motorcycle, as long as you have the courage to take a public **** car, then you can work on the ship without any worry. An example can fully illustrate the safety of ship navigation: more than 80% of the container owners of the domestic maritime transportation of the north-south line do not buy accident insurance, which is incredible for the steamship, air transport.
6. If I work with foreigners, will I be angry? Chinese people are the most intelligent and social relations-oriented people, it is easier to get along with foreigners than with Chinese people, but you have to break through the English barrier and understand foreign culture. Nowadays, the international status of Chinese people is just like China's economy and sports, soaring day by day, the days of "no Chinese and no dogs allowed" are long gone, never to return.
4. basic knowledge of shipping, what books can be read
There is no book to read, only some simple things
Shipping:
First, tracking the factory's stocking situation:
If the factory has an intranet system, it can be from the guests to confirm the order (such as the number of orders, delivery date, volume, etc.) to pre-arrangement;
Second, with the factory's stocking situation:
If the factory has an intranet system, the customer can be confirmed order (such as quantity, delivery date, volume, etc.) to pre-arrangement;
The single for the freight forwarder to provide to the shipping company to set the basis of the shipment, which must be written: Shipper, consignee, notify the party and the bill of lading of goods in detail (such as the number of pieces, the number of cubic meters, the total gross weight, etc.), and note that other requirements in the bill of lading to show the content of the (such as L / C # or L / C on the provisions and other relevant instructions from the customer);
Fourth, with the freight forwarder to confirm the shipping information, and shipments:
Freight forwarders will be based on the consignment note provided by the factory to the shipping company to booking, once the shipping company confirms the berth to the freight forwarder, lending agency that is required to release a single to the factory or its designated agent to arrange for the towing of containers (or for the whole container of goods FCL) or to send the cabin (if the bulk cargo) LCL) matters, then the factory finished products department and shipping (or import and export department) need to cooperate with loading or loading;
Fifth, customs declaration:
Goods sent to the designated warehouse, ready for customs documents, customs declaration by the factory declaration officer or his agent customs declaration line declaration, customs audited the single, error-free that is, the release of the goods;
Sixth, to the bill of lading (B / L):
Based on the actual According to the actual shipment, check the bill of lading, bill of lading for the customer in the destination customs clearance of the important documents, issued by the freight forwarder or shipping company to the exporting party, and then sent by the exporting party to the importing party, and can not be changed at will (any changes need to be added to the corrected seal of the shipping company or the lending agent). The bill of lading is the evidence of ownership of the goods, so if there is a payment dispute between the two sides, the exporter can rely on the bill of lading to negotiate with the importer. Note: not just electric discharge bill of lading (the buyer can pick up the goods without the original bill of lading), unless there is a full assurance that the electric discharge after the seller will indeed pay; or shipments have been received before the payment;
VII (exporter) to pay the bill of lading (importer) payment:
Depending on the different terms of payment, T/T (with the difference between the deposit and the absence of a deposit) or L/C (through the bank, this way is more secure) Settlement of foreign exchange, this way more insurance), etc., try not to D/P (that is, the buyer receives the documents and goods, and then pay). Thus, for the exporter, the goods completed the export of all the process (as for which involves the write-off of export tax rebates, I'm not too clear, belonging to the main financial, I believe that any export-oriented enterprises should be very clear about the relevant procedures of the Ministry of Finance).
5. Now the crew need to have a basic knowledge of those who need to do the preparatory work before the ship
1. What is called seafarers? What is called senior cadres seafarers? What is called ordinary workers seafarers? A: The people who work on the ocean liner collectively referred to as seafarers.
Seafarers are divided into two categories: ① senior seafarers in the ship engaged in the management of seafarers called senior seafarers, also known as cadres seafarers. Including the captain, chief engineers, first mate, second mate, big pipe wheel, two pipe wheel, three pipe wheel.
② ordinary seafarers on board the ship to assist senior seafarers engaged in specific work called ordinary seafarers, also known as worker seafarers. 2. Class A, B and C seafarers is how to divide? A: Seafarers are usually divided into categories A, B, C and D according to their routes.
Category A seafarers can sail around the world, also known as international seafarers; Category B seafarers can sail along the offshore areas such as Southeast Asia, for the regional category of seafarers; Category C seafarers can navigate in the coastal area; Category D seafarers can sail along the near-shore area. 3. What are the certificates for seafarers? What is the gold content of this certificate? A: Seafarer's Certificate, Crew Service Book, Certificate of Competency, "four small certificates" (fire-fighting, first aid at sea, lifeboat raft maneuvering, sea survival), etc.; senior seafarers should also obtain the "three small certificates" (radar observation simulator, automatic radar plotter, wireless telephone communication), etc.; category A seafarers can sail along the coast; category D seafarers can sail along the near-shore navigation area; what is the content of the certificate?
The seafarer's certificate has a high gold content, strong versatility, and is common all over the world. Therefore, with a seafarer's certificate, you have a passport to all countries in the world.
By boarding an international ocean liner, you can become a seafarer and realize the dream of traveling around the world. 4. What is the market demand for seafarers? What is the market demand for seafarers and is there any guarantee of employment? A: World trade mainly relies on sea transportation, so shipping is a sunrise industry.
According to the BIMCO/ISF (International Transportation Federation) survey report analysis: "the global shortage of seafarers, on a global scale, the world needs about 1 million seafarers, of which ordinary seafarers accounted for 600,000". China is one of the world's longest shipping line of the country, there stretches more than 18,000 kilometers of coastline, there is a large gap in their own seafarers.
Overseas is the lack of seafarers, the world seafarers market is a market where demand exceeds supply, at least in the next ten years, seafarers can be 100% employment. Now the international shipping market competition is fierce, seafarers wages in shipping expenditures accounted for a large proportion of the cost of shipping expenditures in different countries the reason for the great difference, the key is because of the seafarers wages high and low differences in the disparity.
Now Europe and the United States and other developed countries basically no longer use their own high-wage seafarers, but turn to China, the Philippines and other developing countries with cheap labor low-wage seafarers, so that shipping companies have reduced costs and increased revenue. At present, China's seafarers assigned to the amount of double-digit growth each year, and then, with the rapid rise of China's economy, the local shipping companies continue to develop and grow, so that the need for seafarers is particularly large.
5. What are the prospects for seafarers as a career? A: A long time ago, seafarers are a desirable occupation, who has someone in his family to do international seafarers, walking up and down the street are chest out. Seafarers not only earn a lot of money, can travel around the world, but also from time to time to bring some foreign goods to the family, it is really enviable.
Today, seafarers are still a very good career: one is to take "order-based" training, training and employment rate than any key universities are high; two is the occupation of high-income, invested in the training fees on board the ship can be recovered in a year; three is the intensity of labor is small, the modern ship automation, seafarers on board the ship is mainly duty, sit in the office; four is the opportunity for promotion, more than a few years ago. The fourth is that there are many opportunities for promotion, ordinary seafarers can be promoted to senior seafarers, until the captain (chief engineer). 6. Is it dangerous to work on board? What is the working environment on board? A: Modern ships have advanced equipment, high degree of information technology, strong ability to avoid collision and wind resistance, and the accident rate of international shipping ships is 0.3%, which is far safer than on land.
Ocean-going vessels are generally several tens of meters wide and more than 100 meters long, and the working environment on board is very good. 7. What are the living conditions on board? What kind of insurance does the shipowner pay for the seafarers? A: The living conditions on board are very good, senior seafarers have a bedroom, office, bathroom, shower, desk, closet, sofa, refrigerator, etc. Each seafarer has a bedroom, office, bathroom, shower, desk, closet, sofa and refrigerator.
Ordinary seafarers each have a bedroom, sanitary bath room, desk, closet, sofa and so on. Public **** entertainment venues have video room, table tennis room, gym, karaoke room and so on.
Seafarers on the ship's clothing, food, housing are free, but also free distribution of sheets, soap, towels, laundry detergent, toilet paper and other living supplies. Seafarers' companies generally pay pension insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance for seafarers; shipowners pay accident insurance for seafarers working on board.
8. How long do seafarers work on board? How long is each sea voyage? A: Seafarers work 8 hours a day on the ship; they generally work 8 to 10 months a year; the time of each sea voyage is determined according to the task and route, which is about 5-7 days for the domestic and CJK routes, and about 20-30 days for the world. 9. How to arrange seafarers' vacation? How to solve the travel expenses? A: Seafarers generally work 8 to 10 months to arrange a vacation; vacation 2 to 4 months; off the ship for public holidays, the company is responsible for reimbursement of round-trip travel expenses.
Seafarers can also choose working hours and vacation time according to their own needs. 10. How are seafarers' wages paid? A: The ship's wages are paid at the end of each month, and the labor fees and bonuses are paid immediately after each job, and the wages are never in arrears.
In case of bankruptcy of the shipping company and failure to pay wages, the maritime department of the country where the ship is located can auction the ship first and pay the wages of the crew first. If the shipowner defaults on payment of wages, the seafarers can complain to the maritime authorities, so that the shipowner's ship is likely to be seized and released after payment of wages.
11. What is the labor intensity of seafarers? During the voyage, there are three shifts per day, each shift lasts 8 hours: senior seafarers are on duty on the bridge, in the engine room control room or in their own room; ordinary seafarers (engineers, sailors) do some miscellaneous work; and after work, it's a free time, you can watch videos, play cards, chess, chat, walk on the deck, etc. Seafarers are not responsible for their work during the time at the pier. During the period in the dock, seafarers are not responsible for loading and unloading cargo, the work of loading and unloading cargo is done by the dockers of the country where they are located, and the seafarers, except for those who are on duty, can travel to other countries for sightseeing, shopping and so on.
6. Maritime lawyers need to know what professional knowledge
Specifically as follows: 1, "the Chinese people's **** and the State Maritime Law": the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress People's Republic of China **** and the State President's Decree (VII, No. 64) "the Chinese people's **** and the State Maritime Law" has been by the people's **** and the State of China's seventh session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress 28th meeting on November 7, 1992, the Chinese People's Congress, the State of China and the State of China. The Maritime Law of the People's Republic of China has been adopted by the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China at its 28th meeting on November 7, 1992, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on July 1, 1993.
Yang Shangkun, President of the People's Republic of China (PRC), November 7, 1992 Adopted by the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress at its twenty-eighth meeting on November 7, 1992. 2. The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China (PRC): The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China (PRC) are the legal provisions of the PRC on a number of issues of a ****similar nature in the context of civil activities, and are the general law of the civil law system.
***9 chapters, 156 articles. 3, "Economic Law": economic law is the socialist commodity economic relations of the whole, systematic, comprehensive and integrated adjustment of a legal department.
At this stage, it mainly adjusts the process of social production and reproduction, with various types of organizations as the basic body of the economic management of relations and a certain range of business coordination relations. To grasp this concept from the following three points: (a) economic law is a general term for economic legal norms (b) economic law is a general term for legal norms to adjust economic relations (c) economic law adjusts a certain range of economic relations.
4, "Insurance Law": insurance law is a general term for all legal norms that regulate insurance relations. Where the organization of insurance, the object of insurance and the rights and obligations of the parties and other legal norms are insurance law.
5, other laws: involving other legal disputes because of the knowledge of the law.