1 characteristics of bidding with bill of quantities
After the project approval and preliminary design, the construction project enters the construction preparation stage, and the main task of this stage is bidding. The purpose of bidding is to optimize the design, construction and supervision units through reasonable competition, reduce the construction investment as much as possible, and improve the project quality and investment benefit. Bidding system is an important measure to standardize the management of China's construction market, which is of great significance to control project cost, improve labor efficiency and shape clean government projects. In accordance with the unified provisions of the Code for Valuation with Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects promulgated by the Ministry of Construction, large and medium-sized construction projects that all use state-owned funds or mainly use state-owned funds should be subject to bill of quantities bidding. Bill of quantities bidding is an important reform in the bidding system of construction projects, which is characterized in that the tenderee provides the bill of quantities according to the unified pricing regulations of the relevant state departments, and the bidders make their own quotations according to the market situation and the actual situation of enterprises. With the rapid development of China's market and the gradual improvement of the bidding system, establishing an open, just and fair market environment for engineering cost pricing and competitive pricing, gradually solving the factors that are not suitable for the engineering construction market in quota pricing, and thoroughly eradicating the disadvantages in the current bidding work are one of the fundamental ways to reform the budget quota pricing method and implement the bill of quantities pricing method, which is also an inevitable requirement of the market economic system for the development of the construction market.
2 The significance of bidding with bill of quantities
2. 1 standardize price behavior and guide fair competition. The bill of quantities provided by the tenderer directly reflects the consumption and resources required for each project, and all bidders stand on the same starting line to make their own quotations, which is just, fair and orderly. At the same time, because the bill of quantities remains unchanged, bidders are competing for the comprehensive unit price of the project. The comprehensive unit price includes labor cost, material cost, machine shift cost, enterprise management fee, profit and certain risk factors, and does not change with the change of engineering quantity, and the quotation risk shall be borne by the bidder. The bidder must make a comprehensive consideration according to the market price, enterprise construction quota, actual operation situation and possible risks, and carefully decide the quotation of the project. Therefore, the bidding price of construction enterprises can objectively and truly reflect their own technical level and comprehensive strength by adopting the form of bidding with bill of quantities. The tenderee can also compare the strength of the bidding enterprises intuitively by comparing the horizontal bidding prices, so as to better guide the bidding enterprises to conduct fair and reasonable price competition. 2.2 Control engineering claims and improve investment benefits. In the traditional bidding methods, it is not uncommon to win the bid at a low price and claim at a high price. Among them, the contents of the claim mainly focus on design changes, on-site visas, technical measures fees and other projects. When bidding by bill of quantities is carried out, items such as bill of measures are generally paid at the total price, and the increase or decrease of quantities, construction difficulty and differences in construction technical measures caused by design changes and on-site visas generally do not have a great impact on the comprehensive unit price of the project. For owners, the implementation of bill of quantities bidding is conducive to grasping the total investment of engineering construction projects from a macro perspective, controlling engineering claims and achieving greater economic benefits. 2.3 Improve work efficiency and optimize resource allocation. The implementation of the bill of quantities tender, the bill of quantities provided by the tender unit. The bidding enterprise only needs to multiply the bill of quantities in turn according to the construction quota and legal tax rate of the enterprise, and then the total quotation of the project can be obtained, which greatly simplifies the calculation process of bidding quotation and shortens the bidding preparation time. Because there is no need to recheck the engineering quantity, the bidder can concentrate on the comprehensive unit price analysis and the preparation of the construction scheme, and have sufficient time to consider the accuracy and rationality of its quotation, which fully embodies the competitive advantage of the enterprise. The bidding mode of bill of quantities has improved the bidding efficiency and played a positive role in shortening the construction period. 2.4 play down the role of pre-tender estimate and curb corruption. In traditional bidding, the pre-tender price has always been the focus of bidding enterprises. In order to win the bid, they often inquire about the pre-tender price through various channels at all costs, and even buy off the staff of the bidding unit or bidding agency to achieve their goals. At the same time, the preparation of pre-tender estimate is also a heavy work. By adopting the tender method of bill of quantities, the quantity of works is open and transparent, and the competition among bidding enterprises is entirely the competition of their own comprehensive strength, and the role of pre-tender estimate is gradually weakened, thus avoiding the appearance of related targets and artificial targets. At present, the best bid evaluation method in the world is bid evaluation without base price, and the implementation of this bid evaluation method cannot be separated from the bidding mode of bill of quantities. The implementation of bill of quantities bidding can simplify the preparation or even cancel the pre-tender estimate, avoid illegal phenomena such as black-box operation and graft around the pre-tender estimate, and help purify the construction market environment and reduce project corruption.
3. Key points of bidding for bill of quantities of hydrological engineering
The bidding procedure of bill of quantities generally includes the filing of bidding report, the preparation of bidding documents, the release of bidding information, the sale of bidding documents, the organization of site reconnaissance and bidding preparatory meeting, the clarification and modification of bidding documents, the objection handling of bidding documents, the organization of bid opening, bid evaluation, the determination of the winning bidder, the submission of a written summary report on the bidding situation, the issuance of a bid-winning notice and the conclusion of a written contract. For hydrological engineering projects, in the whole bidding process, we need to focus on the following three points: First, pay attention to the preparation of bidding documents. Tender documents mainly include tender announcement, instructions to bidders, bid evaluation methods, contract terms and formats, bill of quantities, tender drawings, contract technical terms and bid document formats, etc. Once the bidding documents are sold, they have legal effect, and both claims and arbitration will become legal basis. As the owners of hydrological construction projects, we generally don't have the ability to prepare bidding documents, so we need to choose bidding agencies and cost consulting companies with strong technical strength to undertake the preparation of bidding documents. However, in the process of compiling the tender documents, we should not be the shopkeepers, but should fully communicate with the compilers and strictly require them to elaborate the work content and project characteristics in standardized language. The second is to strictly control the compilation of the bill of quantities. The bill of quantities is an integral part of the tender documents, which reflects the engineering projects and corresponding quantities required by the tenderer and is the basis for bidders to make quotations. Because in the bidding of bill of quantities, the tenderer is fully responsible for the accuracy and completeness of bill of quantities. Whether the bill of quantities is compiled accurately or not is entirely borne by the owner. Bidders have no obligation to verify the list and have no right to modify or adjust the quotation according to the bill of quantities. Therefore, the bill of quantities should be as accurate and detailed as possible to avoid missing items, and the specifications, varieties and brands of main materials and equipment should be described in detail to avoid differences in understanding caused by unclear descriptions, resulting in errors and disputes in bidding quotation. The third is to carefully select the winning bidder. In the bidding process, most projects adopt the lowest bid price method to select the winning scheme. This will lead to some construction enterprises with weak strength and poor performance winning the bid in the highly competitive construction market, violating the law of value and vicious low-price competition. After winning the bid, we will either cut corners, resulting in "bean curd dregs project", or try our best to win over the construction unit, and win the bid at a low price and settle the account at a high price through a series of means. What's more, they will simply walk away, leaving unfinished projects. This requires us to polish our eyes and carefully examine the qualifications, financial status, performance and reputation of the tendering units in the qualification examination stage to prevent some units with poor reputation and weak strength from mixing into the bidding team. Carefully identify in the bid evaluation stage, and be wary of bidding schemes that deviate from reasonable low prices.
4 conclusion
At present, the large-scale infrastructure construction in hydrological industry is unprecedented. In the project bidding management, it is necessary to learn from the mature working methods of other construction industries, gradually establish a bidding model suitable for hydrological engineering construction, promote the standardization and standardization of bidding management of hydrological construction projects, scientifically and effectively analyze the risks of the project, and select the winning bidder openly, fairly and justly to meet the requirements of large-scale hydrological engineering construction in the new period and ensure the realization of the three major objectives of investment, quality and construction period of hydrological construction projects.
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