In the past ninety years, the world's economy continues to develop, modern science is changing rapidly, IBM has always been ahead of the technology, excellent management and unique products to lead the development of the global information industry, to ensure that the world's users of almost all industries on the full range of information processing needs. As we all know, as early as 1969, the Apollo spacecraft carrying three astronauts, shouldering the mission of mankind, the first time on the moon; in 1981, the space shuttle Columbia successfully flew into space. These two historic space flights are united with IBM's unparalleled wisdom.
IBM was founded by Thomas Watson, Sr. and later led by his son Thomas Watson, Jr. to usher in the computer age.
IBM's current CEO is Samuel Palmisano, whose Chinese name is Peng Mingsheng.
IBM China, that is, IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) Greater China is the current chairman of the board of directors is Zhou Wei-kun (Henry Chow), in early 2007 by the Qian Daqun as CEO.
IBM for the computer industry's longtime leader in the mainframe / minicomputer and portable machines (ThinkPad) in the most notable achievements. It created the personal computer (PC) standard, which is still used and developed today.
In addition, IBM leads the industry in mainframes, supercomputers (represented by Deep Blue and Blue Gene), UNIX, and servers.
Software, IBM Software Division (Software Group) integrated five major software brands, including Lotus, WebSphere, DB2, Rational, Tivoli, in their respective aspects of the software world are leaders or strong competitors. It was only after '99 that Microsoft's overall size surpassed that of IBM's software division. As of today, IBM Software is also the second largest software entity in the world.
IBM also has great achievements in the field of materials, chemistry, physics and other scientific fields. Hard disk technology was invented by IBM, scanning tunneling microscope (STM), copper wiring technology, atomic etching technology was also invented by IBM Research.
IBM still holds the position of having the most patents in the world. For thirteen consecutive years since 1993, IBM has appeared at the top of the national patent registration list. By 2002, IBM's R&D staff*** had accumulated 22,358 patents, an unprecedented record that far exceeded the sum of patents obtained by the top eleven U.S. companies in the IT industry, which included HP, Intel, Sun, Microsoft, Dell and others. IBM filed 2,941 patent applications in 2005, down from 3,248 in 2004, but still leaving the second-place finisher a long way behind.
In 2003, IBM's revenue totaled $89.1 billion and it employed 230,000 people worldwide.
In 2004, IBM's revenue totaled $96.5 billion and it employed 310,000 people worldwide.
In 2005, IBM's revenue totaled $91.1 billion (after the sale of its PC division to Lenovo).
Full-year 2006 operating results
-- Revenues totaled $91.4 billion, up 4% excluding the divested PC business;
-- Earnings from continuing operations were $9.4 billion, up 18% year-over-year, and up 9% excluding 2005 non-recurring items;
-- Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were 6.06, up 23% year-over-year, excluding 2005 non-recurring items up 14%;
-- Net cash from operating activities was $15.3 billion, excluding a $2.2 billion increase in items receivable from the Global Financing business unit
IBM China includes:
IBM China Development Center and IBM China Software Development Center CSDL / cdl/
IBM China Research Institute (formerly IBM China Research Center) CRL:/ibm/crl
IBM China Web Site
In 2004, it partnered with Hong Kong's Cultural Communications Group to promote cash registers with Chinese CPUs
IBM software is part of five sections
DB2. Webshpere,Tivoli,Rational,Lotus
Company News:
In December 2004, IBM sold its worldwide PC and laptop business to Lenovo. Lenovo owns the ThinkPad and ThinkCenter trademarks and can use the IBM brand for five years.
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IBM is also highly respected around the world. One of the reasons for this respect is the ability to lead several industrial revolutions over the course of its nearly 100-year history, especially in the IT industry, setting several standards and working to help its customers succeed. In addition, the company has consistently ranked among the top 500 companies in the world. Most importantly, the reason for its respect lies in the fact that IBM has adhered to the "Watson Philosophy" throughout its nearly 100-year history:
When IBM was founded in 1914, Thomas Watson, Sr. established a "Code of Conduct" for the company, which has always been kept in mind. "
When Thomas Watson, Sr. founded IBM in 1914, he established a "Code of Conduct" for the company, which has been memorized in the hearts of every person in the company, and any action or policy is directly affected by these three guidelines. The Watson Philosophy contributes more to the company's success than technological innovations, marketing and sales techniques, or large financial resources. They include:
l. The individual must be respected.
2. Customers must be given the best possible service.
3. Must strive for excellence in performance.
Example: From IBM China's Web site can be found in the following text "IBM China, is adhering to the" achievements of customers, innovation, integrity and responsibility "core values, to lead China's customers **** with the road towards the transformation of the needs of the transformation. ", the content of its quotation marks, is the "Watson Philosophy" on the customer's attitude to the expression.
History
Early years
IBM's history can be traced back to decades before the development of electronic computers, before the development of electronic computers, it perforated card data processing equipment. IBM was incorporated as CTR on June 15, 1911, in Endicott, New York, a few miles west of Binghamton.
Three separate companies merged to create CTR Corporation: the List Machine Company (founded in Washington, D.C., in 1896), the Calculating Table Company (founded in Dayton, Ohio, in 1901), and the International Times Record Company (founded in Endicott, New York, in 1900). At the time, the president and founder of the List Machine Company was Herman Hollerith. The key figure behind the merger was financier Charles Flint, who brought together the founders of the three companies to propose a merger and served on the CRT until his retirement in 1930.
Thomas. J. Watson, a founder of IBM, became general manager of CTR in 1914 and president in 1915. In 1917, CTR entered the Canadian market as International Business Machines Ltd. and on February 14, 1924, changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
The companies merged to form CTR, which manufactured a variety of products, including employee timekeeping systems, scales, automatic meat slicers, and, most importantly, computers, and perforated card equipment. For a time, CTR concentrated on the perforated card business and was not involved in other activities.
World War II, The Holocaust Era
In 2001, author Edwin Black published IBM and the Holocaust (ISBN 0609808990), a book that purported to illustrate how IBM's New York headquarters and CEO Thomas. The book purports to show how IBM's New York headquarters and CEO Thomas J. Watson, through overseas subsidiaries, supplied the Third Reich with perforated card machines that they knew would help the Nazis carry out the "Final Solution". The book says that, in cooperation with New York, IBM's Geneva office and Dehomag, its German subsidiary, were actively involved in supporting Nazi atrocities, and Black adds that the machines made the Nazis work more efficiently. A 2003 documentary on the company also explores the issue.
IBM has been cleared of these charges, and a lawsuit based on them has been dismissed.
During World War II, IBM produced the M1 carbine and the Browning automatic rifle. The Allies used IBM equipment extensively for military computing, logistics and other munitions. IBM perforated card machines were used extensively for calculations at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project's development of the atomic warhead; this has been specifically discussed by Richard Feynman in his bestseller You're Kidding, Mr. Feynman! specifically discussed. IBM also built the Harvard Mark I for the Navy during the war, the first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States.
Air Force and Aeronautical Engineering
During the 1950s, IBM became the prime contractor for the development of computers for the U.S. Air Force's automatic defense system. Embarking on the reproduction of the anti-aircraft gun system, IBM was exposed to critical research at MIT; work on the first generation of real-time, digital computers (which included many other advances such as a comprehensive video presentation, magnetic core experience transfer, lightweight guns, the first effective algebraic computer language, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion techniques, digital data transmission telephone lines, duplexing, multiprocessing, networking). IBM built 56 intelligent computers priced at $10,000 each, with more than 7,000 employees (20% of the total workforce) devoted to the project at its peak. However, more important than profitability in the long run was the military investment in research using cutting-edge computers, and IBM neglected to pursue a more dominant emerging industry to enable the RAND Corporation to take over the design of the new computers because, according to one project participant (Robert PCrago), "We can't imagine that work in this area will disappear later and we'll have to take 2,000 programmers from wherever we can get them to do this kind of work at IBM". IBM will utilize its vast design experience to synthesize real-time network design with the launch of the Wise Air reservation system to great success.
Success in the '60s and '80s
In the '60s IBM was the largest of the eight largest computer companies (Univac, Metlife, Scientific Data Systems, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Radio Corporation of America, Honeywell). People talk about this as "IBM and the seven astral bodies" because the other companies or their computer divisions are smaller. Only Urban Life, UNIVAC, NCR, and Honeywell produced mainframes, after which it was said "IBM and B.U.N.C.H." Most of IBM's competitors are now long gone, except for Univac, due to a number of mergers that included Univac and Urban Life. NCR, Honeywell abandoned general mainframes and small divisions and focused on profitable product markets, NCR made cash registers (hence the name National Cash Register), Honeywell became the dominant thermostat in the market. General Electric was still the largest company in the world, but no longer operated in the computer market. At that time the IBM line of computers won the position on the market and is still growing today. Originally known as the IBM System/360, the more modern 64-bit form factor is now known as the Resident IBM System (often referred to as the "IBM mainframe").
IBM's success in the mid-1960s led the U.S. Department of Justice to investigate IBM for antitrust violations on January 17, 1969. A complaint was filed against IBM in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. The lawsuit claimed that IBM violated Section 2 of the Sherman Act by monopolizing or attempting to monopolize the market for general-purpose digital electronic computer systems, particularly commercially designed computers. The lawsuit, which lasted until 1983, had a significant impact on the company's practices.
Recent History
On January 19, 1993, IBM announced a loss of $4.97 billion for the 1992 fiscal year, which at the time was the largest annual corporate loss in U.S. history. Because of this loss, IBM had undergone significant changes in its operations, and its focus would shift from hardware to software and services.
In 2002, IBM strengthened its consulting capabilities through the acquisition of Pricewaterhouse Coopers, a professional consulting services firm. The company is increasingly focused on driving enterprise solutions consulting, services, and software, with an emphasis on hardware and high-value chip technology; as of 2005, the workforce was approximately 195 technical professionals. In 2002, IBM announced the start of a $0 billion research program and the implementation of the necessary technology infrastructure to provide the super-resources "required" for effective metrics used by all businesses. Since then the program has been implemented.
IBM has been increasing its patent portfolio in recent years, which is a valuable cross-license with other companies. Each year from 1993 to 2005, IBM has been granted significantly more U.S. patents than any other company. With more than 31,000 patents in that 13-year period, IBM was the first to do so.
Protecting the company's intellectual property has evolved into a corporate endeavor that has generated $0 billion for the company's bottom line during this period. In 2003 Fortune magazine quoted Paul, IBM's director of research, as saying that IBM brought in $1 billion in profits from intellectual property licenses.
In 2004, IBM announced a proposed sale of its personal-computer business to Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group, a corporate part of Lenovo that is owned by the Chinese government, and sold it for $650 million in cash and $600 million in Lenovo stock. The Exchange Commission approved the foreign investment in March 2005 and the closing took place in May 2005. IBM has a 19% stake in Lenovo, which will be headquartered in New York State, and IBM has appointed a chief executive officer. The company will retain the right to use certain IBM brands for an initial period of five years. The laptops have become IBM's most successful products since it bought and inherited the Lenovo product line, which includes the Thinkpad laptop.
Recently, IBM has focused much of its efforts from a hardware science and technology perspective on providing consulting and acquisition services to reorganize businesses. This change is strongly reflected in the new IBM's enhanced global distribution capabilities in consulting, software and technology services.
IBM is currently involved in the development of Cell engineering (along with Sony), multimedia design of next-generation processor architectures, and high-tech gaming.
On June 20, 2006, Georgia, along with IBM***, announced a new technology record for silicon-based chips reaching speeds of up to 500ghz. This was done by freezing the chip to F-451°C (-268.0C), not comparable to CPU speeds. The chip operates at 350ghz approximately at room temperature.
IBM is a longtime leader in the computer industry, most notably in mainframe/small form factor computers and portables (ThinkPad). The standard for personal computers (PCs) that it created is still being used and developed today, and on December 8, 2004, its PC division was sold to Lenovo for $1.75 billion and a stake in Lenovo.
IBM also has great achievements in the field of materials, chemistry, physics and other scientific fields. Hard disk technology was invented by IBM, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), copper wiring technology, and atomic etching technology were also invented by IBM Research.
In 2003, IBM's revenue was $89.1 billion, with 230,000 full-time employees.
IBM China includes: IBM China Software Development Center CSDL, China Research Center CRL
In 2004, it cooperated with Hong Kong Culture and Communication Group to promote Chinese CPU cash registers.
On December 8 of the same year, Lenovo, which owns nearly one-third of China's PC market, announced that it would acquire IBM's global desktop and laptop production and marketing business for $1.25 billion in cash and stock.
In 2005, the desktop and laptop business was sold to Chinese IT firm Lenovo, which will continue to apply the IBM brand for five years, with the ThinkPad and ThinkCentre brands going to Lenovo.
IBM in China
IBM's business relationship with China goes back a long way. As early as 1934, IBM installed the first commercial processor for the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and in 1979, after a nearly 30-year hiatus, IBM came back to China with China's reform and opening up. In the same year, IBM installed the first IBM medium-sized computer in Shenyang Blower Factory after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, IBM's business in China has been expanding. in the mid- to late-80s, IBM set up offices in Beijing and Shanghai. in 1992, IBM formally announced the establishment of the International Business Machines China Ltd. in Beijing, which is a wholly-owned enterprise of IBM in China. This move enabled IBM to take a substantial step forward in the implementation of its strategy in China, and opened a new chapter of its business in China. In 1993, IBM China Co., Ltd. established branches in Guangzhou and Shanghai. By now, IBM's offices in China have further expanded to 24 cities including Harbin, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Xi'an, Wuhan, Fuzhou, Chongqing, Changsha, Kunming, Urumqi, Jinan, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, Hefei, Nanchang, Nanning, Ningbo, Shijiazhuang and so on, thus further expanding the coverage of its business in China. Along with the development of IBM in China, IBM China's workforce continues to grow, and now has more than 8,500 employees. In addition, IBM has set up nine joint ventures and wholly owned companies responsible for manufacturing, software development, services and leasing.
IBM attaches great importance to the investment in technology research and development. 1995, IBM established the China Research Center in China, which is one of the eight major research centers in the world, with more than 200 Chinese computer experts. In 1999, IBM took the lead in setting up a software development center in China, with more than 2,000 Chinese software engineers specializing in the development of integrated middleware, databases, Linux and other areas of product development.
For more than two decades, IBM's information systems have become the most reliable means of information technology in China's finance, telecommunications, metallurgy, petrochemicals, transportation, merchandise circulation, government and education, and many other important business areas.
IBM's customers are on all fronts of China's economy.
At the same time, IBM occupies a leading market share in a number of important areas, including: servers, storage, services, software and so on.
IBM has always been committed to the principle of taking from the community and giving back to the community for the benefit of mankind, and IBM actively supports education in China and has a strong presence in community activities.
The beginning of the partnership between IBM and Chinese universities can be traced back to 1984, when IBM made a series of donations of computer equipment hardware and software for Chinese universities.
In March 1995, with the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between IBM and China's National Education Commission (now the Ministry of Education) as a symbol of cooperation, the "IBM China University Cooperation Program In March 1995, IBM and the Chinese National Education Commission (now the Ministry of Education) signed a memorandum of understanding to mark the official launch of the "IBM China University Cooperation Program", a long-term comprehensive partnership, the basic purpose of which is to strengthen the Chinese universities in the field of information science and technology, discipline construction and personnel training. 12 years ago, the IBM China University Cooperation Program has continued to move towards a higher level, a deeper level and a wider range of areas of development of the discipline of information technology-related programs of Chinese colleges and universities and the cultivation of talent played an It has played a positive role in the construction of disciplines and cultivation of talents in Chinese universities and colleges related to information technology. Since 1995, IBM has donated computer equipment, software and services worth more than RMB 1.5 billion to Chinese universities. In terms of university cooperation programs, IBM has established cooperative relationships with more than 50 renowned universities in China. 570,000 students have participated in IBM technology-related courses and training, 58,000 students have obtained IBM global professional and technical certificates, and more than 4,000 teachers have participated in different forms of teacher training organized by IBM.
In addition to cooperating with the Chinese education sector in the field of higher education, IBM has also actively expanded the scope of cooperation to the field of basic education. Following the introduction of the IBM KidSmart "Little Explorer" Early Childhood Intelligence Development Project to China in 2001, IBM has been carrying out this program in China for six consecutive years. At present, IBM has cooperated with nearly 430 early childhood education institutions in 68 cities in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions***, and donated 2,350 sets of KidSmart children's computer learning centers.
Since 2003, IBM has further cooperated with the Ministry of Education to carry out the Reinventing Education "Basic Education Innovative Teaching Program" in 20 elementary school in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu, adopting a more and more valuable support approach to introduce foreign mature experience and The Reinventing Education "Innovative Teaching and Learning in Basic Education Program" takes more and more valuable supportive approaches to introduce mature foreign experience and resources into China, and fully integrates with China's current situation and needs to better help schools improve teaching and learning through IT.
Through these two programs, more than 10,000 key teachers in basic education have received free training from IBM, and 100,000 children have benefited.
In 2003, IBM TryScience Around the World, a youth science program, was officially launched in China. Through this program, IBM donates computer terminals to science and technology museums in China, which are connected to off-site servers through a high-speed network and present the rich content on the servers to visitors of the museums. The content of "Eyes on Science" covers ecological archaeology, space exploration, extreme sports, marine life and other aspects, which opens a new door for young people to get in touch with science knowledge and understand scientific concepts. At present, IBM has donated 40 sets of IBM TryScience Kiosk multimedia terminals to science and technology centers in 11 cities. IBM's outstanding performance and outstanding contributions in China have been recognized by the media. IBM has been named "China's Most Respected Enterprise", "China's Most Respected Foreign-Invested Enterprise", "China's Most Valuable Brand", "In 2004, IBM China was honored as the "Most Admired Company in China" by Fortune Magazine (Chinese edition), and was ranked first in the list. In 2005 and 2006, IBM was awarded the honorary title of "China's Outstanding Corporate Citizen" by the China Association of Social Work for two consecutive years.
The former CEO of IBM, Mr. Koksner, said fondly of IBM China: "IBM is committed to building a world-leading information technology company for China. It will be located in China to serve the Chinese people and one day the world. IBM China will become the 'IBM of China' and a part of the Chinese economy." Looking back on IBM's growth in China, from the initial stage of strategic experimentation, to the mid-term stage of strategic investment, and then to the stage of full integration, IBM has always carried a deep commitment to China.
Since 2004, IBM has given a new definition of innovation, and in 2006, IBM further extended the connotation of innovation to six levels, namely, "product innovation", "service innovation", "business process innovation", "business process innovation", "business process innovation", "business process innovation", "business process innovation", "business process innovation", "business process innovation", "business process innovation" and "business process innovation". Innovation", "business model innovation", "management and cultural innovation" and "policy and social innovation".
In the same year, IBM also introduced the concept of "service innovation" to China, signing a contract with the Ministry of Commerce to assist the "Thousand Hundred and Ten Project", which promotes the development of China's modern service industry and the upgrading of the export-oriented industrial structure; signing a "Modern Service Science Direction" contract with the Ministry of Education; and signing a "Modern Service Science Direction" contract with the Ministry of Education. "We have also signed a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry of Education to introduce service science courses into Chinese higher education institutions; and cooperated with the Ministry of Health to promote the construction of China's healthcare information service **** enjoyment platform and improve the quality of regional healthcare services. In order to better match the implementation of the service strategy, IBM has moved its global procurement headquarters to Shenzhen, China, and Lehman Brothers *** with the start of the 180 million U.S. dollars of "China Investment Fund", and will be one of the world's two SOA solution centers located in Beijing. Through these initiatives, IBM hopes to bring to China IBM's leading skills in global information technology services to help Chinese enterprises and governments realize innovation, thus more strongly supporting China's growing demand for development in the service industry.
In 2007, IBM China will adhere to the core values of "customer success, innovation, integrity and responsibility", and strive to become the innovation partner of Chinese customers under the vision and layout of globalization, and do its part in building an "innovative country" for China. "Do your part.