The location of general hospitals should be in line with the requirements of the master plan of urban and rural medical network. According to the population density, disease rate and service radius, consider the development of urban and rural far construction. The site should be selected in convenient transportation, quiet environment, clean air and water, power supply, not only to avoid the pollution of smoke and dust, but also to consider the hospital's own sewage discharge and the impact of radioactive substances on the surrounding environment, should also leave room for adjustment and expansion of the medical part, supply part and management part of the general hospital is the same way, it is composed of the relationship between the Figure 1. the principle of the general layout of the medical part of the medical part of the main, so that the parts of both conveniently linked to the medical part of the general hospital. The principle of general layout is based on the medical part of the main, so that the various parts of both easy to contact and do not interfere with each other. General hospitals have three basic layout forms: decentralized, centralized and semi-centralized. Decentralized is to set up each department in independent buildings, in order to facilitate ventilation, lighting, but the connection is not compact, occupies a lot of land, long pipeline; centralized is the outpatient, medical, inpatient, etc., and the supply and management of each part of the centralized in a whole building, the connection is convenient, the land is saved, the pipeline is less, but the project is more complex; semi-centralized is to the outpatient, medical, inpatient, etc., part of the centralized, and the supply and management of part of the separation. part of the separation.
The medical part includes outpatient department, inpatient department, emergency department, key therapeutic nursing unit, operation department, radiology department, physical therapy department, pharmacy, central sterilization supply department, laboratory, functional diagnostic room and blood bank. In hospitals with teaching requirements, there are also rooms for scientific research and clinical teaching. The outpatient department consists of the public part, diagnosis and treatment part and various departments. The combination of outpatient clinic parts according to the diagnosis and treatment procedures, generally as a public part of the traffic hub, around which the diagnostic and treatment part of the arrangement and the various disciplines of the clinic, in order to shorten the route of diagnosis and treatment, to facilitate disinfection and reduce infections. The combination of the form of a single hall, halls and centralized into a piece of type and so on.
①Communal part. Including the foyer, waiting room, registration room, medical records room, medicine charging room, stairs, elevators, toilets and so on. Waiting room layout form corridor waiting, corridor room combined with waiting and corridor room combined with the second waiting and so on. Waiting room requires light, good ventilation, clean environment, pay attention to avoid other patients walking through, causing cross-infection.
② diagnosis and treatment part. Including laboratory, radiology, physical therapy and injection, drug exchange and other rooms, as well as Chinese and Western pharmacy, these departments are usually concurrently for the inpatient services.
③Disciplinary clinics. Including internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, ophthalmology, dermatology and traditional Chinese medicine. Large general hospitals are divided into more detailed departments, such as surgery is divided into thoracic surgery, brain surgery, orthopedic surgery and trauma surgery. Obstetrics and gynecology should be strictly divided into gynecology and obstetrics. Obstetrics examination room and sterilization surgery room should be set up separate entrances and exits. Pediatrics should have separate entrances and set up pre-diagnostic identification rooms at the entrances, so that sick children can be separated from adult patients, and children with infectious diseases can be separated from children with non-infectious diseases. The Chinese medicine department includes internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology, ophthalmology, injuries, hemorrhoids, massage, acupuncture, etc. The size of the inpatient department is determined by the number of patient beds. The size of the inpatient department is expressed in terms of the number of patient beds, which is determined according to the population of residents in the service area, the nature of the hospital and its technical strength. The inpatient department mainly consists of two parts: the access management department and the wards.
①Incoming and outgoing management department. Including the receiving room, hospitalization health treatment room and hospitalization office.
②Ward. Is the main body of the hospitalization department, its basic unit is the nursing unit. Adult patient care unit capacity is generally 30 to 50 beds; pediatrics, infectious diseases and other nursing unit is generally 20 to 25 beds. Nursing unit mainly consists of three parts: patient room, nurse station and auxiliary room. Nursing unit of the combination of layout forms are: in the corridor strip unit, the sick room in the corridor in the south (in terms of the northern hemisphere, the same below), the nurse station and other auxiliary rooms in the corridor in the north, can be natural lighting and ventilation; double corridor rectangular unit, the nurses' station and other auxiliary rooms located in the middle of the two corridors, the sick room around the perimeter, the care of the distance is shorter, but some of the middle of the room shall be set up air-conditioning and artificial lighting; circular Corridor radial nursing unit (Figure 2), the nurse station and other auxiliary rooms are located in the middle, the sick rooms are located in the surrounding area, the characteristics of the basic and double-corridor rectangular unit; open nurses station nursing unit (Figure 3) will be a nursing unit is divided into 3 to 4 small units, in addition to the nurses station in addition to auxiliary rooms are located in a number of small units of the linkage, the nurses station is completely open in the center of the small units, and the distance from the sick room Shortest. The general ward is divided into large, medium and small wards according to the number of beds, and there are 4-8 beds wards, 3-6 beds wards and 1-2 beds wards.
Focused therapeutic care unit in the international ICU, is today's advanced symbol of medical care, but also the development of the hospital's new trend. Key therapeutic care unit is designed to carry out continuous observation, treatment and care of patients, so that critical patients out of danger as soon as possible, so it is arranged in the form of open nurses station as the center of the various rooms around the surrounding area to form a clean closed space - clean area; unit management, equipment and other ancillary rooms are quasi-clean area; outside the unit, such as family members waiting for the contaminated part of the area (Figure 4). Nurse station using electronic monitoring system to observe the patient, can be 24 hours continuous observation and recording of the patient's various pathological indicators, and can be automatically alarmed, in order to rescue treatment in a timely manner. All beds should be equipped with medical pipelines, electric plugs and various equipment for resuscitation on the head wall of the beds.ICU also has a separate room for nurses' work, examination room, instrument room, washing room, etc. The ICU is equipped according to the size of the hospital. According to the size of the hospital equipped. The emergency department of larger hospitals have emergency rooms, observation rooms and rescue rooms. Emergency room entrances and exits should be obvious and easy to find, and have a special registration, medicine room and for stretcher trolley and escort personnel to use the waiting area. The emergency department works around the clock and should be able to operate as a self-contained system after the clinic closes for the night. Most emergency patients require surgery, so the emergency department should be close to the inpatient department and operating room.
The operating room has an operating room, hand-washing room, disinfection room, instrument room, packing room, dressing storage room, washing room, plaster room, duty room, office, locker room and bathroom.
Surgical activities are generally divided into three streams: patient flow, medical staff flow and medical equipment flow. In order to prevent infection, the surgical department is divided into three zones: aseptic zone, which includes each operating room and hand-washing room; sterilized zone, which includes endoscopy room, plaster room, washing room, dressing room, instrument room, duty room and office; and non-sterilized zone, which includes the front of the staff locker room and the entrance.
The core of the surgical department is the operating room, which is divided into sterile operating room, general operating room and contaminated operating room. Aseptic operating rooms require facilities to purify the air to control the minimum amount of bacteria, and contaminated operating rooms are used for procedures with bacterial diseases.
The radiology department is divided into two parts: diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostic part of the fluoroscopy room, filming room, dark room, storage room, viewing room; treatment part of the shallow line treatment room and deep line treatment room. The treatment room of radiology should be separated from the treatment rooms of other sections for protection.
Physical Therapy DepartmentThe permanent physical therapy rooms of the Physical Therapy Department include electrotherapy room, phototherapy room, acoustic therapy room, and wet heat therapy (water, steam, wax) room. Traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture, massage, fire cupping and other treatment rooms or located in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, or located in the Department of Physical Therapy. The electrotherapy room should adopt wooden floor. Light therapy room indoor requirements of good ventilation.
Pharmacy Chinese general hospitals are usually divided into a western pharmacy and Chinese medicine.
①Western pharmacy. The main rooms of the western pharmacy are transferring and issuing room, dispensing room, preparation room, dispensing room, washing room, disinfection room, storage room and so on. The above rooms should be arranged together and the room should be well ventilated to avoid direct sunlight.
② Chinese medicine room. The rooms in the finished medicine part of the Chinese medicine room are the same as the western medicine room, and the raw medicine part is different. If you use a dispenser to dispense medicines, the dispenser should be installed on the upper floors, and the prescription should be received and dispensed on the ground floor. The raw drug store should be connected to the dispensing room on the floor, and the finished drug store should be close to the Chinese medicine dispensing room. Chinese medicine dispensing room without dispenser should be connected to the raw medicine storehouse and finished Chinese medicine storehouse.
Center disinfection supply department hospital centralized disinfection place, its location should be convenient with the outpatient department, inpatient department and the diagnosis and treatment room contact. Sterilization room indoor headroom should be high, in order to exclude hot air. Sterilization room in addition to the placement of disinfection cabinets, should also consider the operator to send the trolley room to maneuver.
Test and functional diagnostic room test department is the patient's blood, body fluids, excreta and human tissue specimens for physiological or pathological analysis and testing of the place. The more complete laboratory has a routine laboratory, biochemical laboratory, bacteriological laboratory, serological laboratory and pathological tissue section laboratory. Functional diagnostic laboratories generally include electrocardiographic portrayal, basic metabolic measurements, and ultrasonography. Routine laboratory should be sunrise, the room requires uniform light. Biological laboratories require good ventilation and toxic gas exhaust cabinets. Bacteriological laboratories and serological laboratories require walls, floors and ceilings that can be easily sterilized. Functional diagnostic room has an insulated floor. Electrocardiogram examination room should be vibration-proof, and away from high-voltage wires and electrical appliances, it is appropriate to have electromagnetic shielding measures to exclude interference from other waves.
The blood bank is generally composed of blood collection room, blood supply room and blood donor rest room, blood storage room, blood distribution room and washing and sterilization room.