The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was established in November 1943. Initiated by the United States of America and participated by 48 countries, UNRRA was established in Washington, D.C. (2 years before the United Nations was established), and it decided to provide relief to 38 post-war countries in Europe, Africa, and Asia, and China was the main focus of the relief efforts. All UNRRA relief materials and means of transportation were marked with the word "UNRRA", and all staff members wore badges with the word "UNRRA" in silver letters on a round copper and blue enamel background. "UNRRA is a semi-official, semi-private organization.
Un General is headquartered in Washington. It is headed by the Administrator General, with a Governing Council and a national office as its executive arm. Relief supplies are provided by member states and donated by private citizens and charitable organizations. The United States took the lion's share, followed by Britain, Canada, Latin American countries and Australia. The U.S. made a documentary at the time, which captured the scenes of the American people's enthusiastic donations. After the victory in the war, this movie was shown in many big cities in China. Most of the staff of the "United General Association" were recruited from the private sector. The conditions were that they were unmarried young men and women, with a certain level of education, and had more than one skill in driving, mechanics, medicine, or agronomy. The staff had no salary, only allowances, equivalent to the current "youth volunteers". Curious and lively young Americans, a moment of applicants gathered.
"The General Administration of the United Nations" and China to contact organs is the National Government Executive Yuan. The Executive Yuan set up the Executive Yuan General Administration of Rehabilitation and Relief, (referred to as the "General Administration"), wear the "CHINARRA" character badge. Because there was still a piece of paper in the Double Ten Agreement, the authorities had to set up the General Administration of Post-emergency Relief for the Liberated Areas (referred to as the "General Administration of Relief") in Handan. Because of the nature of the "General Administration", the Executive Yuan was too shy to force the placement of senior officials and eunuchs in the various branches, so it had to be run by academic celebrities, heads of charitable organizations, and religious leaders from all over the world. After all, the "Hsing Chiang" was based on the "Lian Chiang", so the "Hsing Chiang" and the "Xie Chiang" were less well known. The first is a new one, which is a new one, and the second is a new one.
August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered. At this time in Southeast Asia, the U.S. Army still has a considerable amount of war materiel, in addition to ordnance weapons, cars, tents, food, food, medical equipment, road repair machinery, kitchen trucks, open jeeps have everything, return to the U.S. soldiers, which still look at this! All of them were given to the "United General Assembly" to go to the disaster relief. "In October, the General Administration of the United Nations assembled these materials to the main transportation routes, ready to arrive at the disaster areas in China. This was the reason why the refugees in the yellow floodplains received their first relief in the winter of 1945.
The Henan branch of the UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was established in Kaifeng in September 1945, headed by Ma Jie. Ma Jie was a university professor, an intellectual celebrity, with many disciples and considerable prestige. The heads of the various branches under the branch were mostly his students. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ma Jie was appointed as the organizing committee of the Henan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Revolutionary Party.
Xihua County is the hinterland of the yellow floodplain, located in the lower reaches of the yellow floodplain, for the collection of yellow water in all directions, the depth of the water is more than ten feet, eight years does not recede, and quite a lot of places where the water has been accumulated for 10 years. The "yellow flood hinterland" is nationally recognized, the "United General" to the relief focus on the yellow floodplain of Xihua, is also a matter of course.
The Henan Branch Office of the General Administration of the United Nations set up a task force in the north, southwestern and northeastern part of Henan, and set up the fourth task force in Zhoukou, and the southwestern task force was withdrawn and incorporated into the fourth task force in Zhoukou. The task force under the jurisdiction of three sub-units: the yellow floodplain agricultural machinery reclamation task force (specializing in machine reclamation), the yellow floodplain task force (specializing in disaster relief), yellow floodplain health care task force under the jurisdiction of the Xuchang Automobile Management Office and Luohe Repair Factory. In order to ensure the timeliness of relief work in the panhandle, but also in Xihua County, honk school site (today's County People's Hospital) set up the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation General Administration of the fourth yellow panhandle task force Xihua workstation, Wang Daquan, head of the station. The task was to mobilize and store relief materials, allocate and manage machinery, receive and inspect the superior personnel of the "United Nations General Assembly", liaise with and translate (Wang himself was fluent in English). UNRRA Xihua Workstation is located in a family courtyard in the North Hospital District of Xihua County People's Hospital, and the three brick and wooden houses look particularly low against the background of the surrounding buildings. However, its antique beam purlin and a few thick wooden columns, as well as the beam head of the wood and brick carvings, as well as that just repaired the collapsed eaves and mutilated carvings, as if people like to tell its past once brilliant.
According to the memories of the old people, the office used to be the former site of the famous Minglun Hall in Xihua County, and between 1945 and 1947, it served as the warehouse and office of the "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Xihua Workstation", which attracted the attention of the world, and the volunteers from many countries performed the song of "Relief for the Disaster Victims" and "Establishment of the Yellow Panhandle".
In 1983, this place was listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit by the People's Government of Zhoukou City.
With the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the people of Asia, Europe and Africa who were trampled by the Japanese invaders saw the dawn of the reconstruction of their homes. 1943 November, the United States initiated by the United States, the United States, Britain, Canada and other 48 countries to participate in the "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation General Administration" was established in Washington, D.C. The "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation General Administration" was established by the United States, Britain, Canada and other 48 countries. "The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) decided to provide relief to 38 post-war countries in Asia, Europe and Africa, with China being the focus of relief efforts.
"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration" is a semi-official half-civilian organization, it has no party symbols, and no political color, its general and sub-branches of the agency are not set up an administrative body, only management agencies and offices. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the highest officer is the Administrator-General, the standing body is the Council, the executive body is the "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration" sub-offices in various countries.
Relief materials were provided by Member States and donated by private individuals and charitable organizations. After the surrender of Japan, the United Nations forces in Southeast Asia and other places still have a considerable amount of war materials, in addition to ordnance and weapons, cars, tents, food, food, medical equipment, road construction machinery, open jeeps, all kinds of, "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration" in October 1945 after the collection of these materials arrived in the disaster areas in China.
"UNRRA" staff are mostly recruited from the private sector, most of them are members of the YMCA, the Romans, the Mau Mau Foundation and other charitable organizations, the conditions are unmarried young men and women, with a certain level of education, driving, mechanics, medical, agronomy and other skills. Staff members receive no salaries, only subsidies. China and the "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration" contact organ is the National Government Executive Yuan, the National Government Executive Yuan also set up the "General Administration of Relief and Rehabilitation of the Executive Yuan", the staff from all over the country charitable organizations, religious and other civil organizations.
In September 1945, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration set up a sub-office in Henan and established the Henan Sub-office of the General Administration for Relief and Rehabilitation of the Executive Yuan, with its headquarters in Kaifeng, specializing in assisting the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Headquartered in Kaifeng, it specialized in assisting the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in carrying out its work. After the Japanese announced their unconditional surrender, according to international agreements, the United Nations provided assistance to dozens of war-stricken countries and regions. Due to the long-term flooding in the yellow floodplain, which made people's lives unbearable, UNRRA focused its relief efforts on the yellow floodplain, and set up the fourth workstation of UNRRA (hereinafter referred to as the workstation) in Xihua County, the hinterland of the yellow floodplain, with its office located in Mingluntang, the city of Xihua County. The office was located at the former site of Minglun Hall in Xihua County (now the North Hospital of Xihua County People's Hospital), with Wang Daquan as the head of the station. The fourth task force of the UN General Assembly and the Xihua workstation were subordinate and cross-cutting in their working relationship. The first leader of the fourth task force was Hua Min, who lived in Zhoukou; the succeeding leader was Wang Daquan, who was also the station chief of Xihua Work Station, so he often drove his open jeep to and from Zhoukou and Xihua. The Yellow Panhandle Agricultural Machinery Reclamation Task Force is under the dual leadership of the Fourth Task Force and the Xihua Work Station.
Xihua Yellow Plain Reclamation
As early as the end of 1945, the Henan Branch Office of the General Administration of the United Nations recruited one class of tractor trainees in each of the two places of Zhongmou and Yushi, each class of 30 trainees, who were required to graduate from the university, and the semester lasted for three months; and then two training classes of the same qualifications and scale were recruited. Then there were two more training courses of the same qualification and size, which trained 180 tractor pilots. From the fourth period, moved to Fugou, Zhoukou two places to hold, 50 people in each class, requiring high school graduation, semester half a year, *** training 100 trainees. Fifth, 80 people per class, **** graduation 160 people.
Yellow Panhandle Agricultural Machinery Reclamation Task Force under the jurisdiction of three sub-units: a sub-unit initially set Xihua Wangpaifang, later moved to Xihua ShaoBanLou, the captain of the original Zhengyin; the second sub-unit is set in Fugou LianSi, the captain of the time HongYi; the third sub-unit is set in Xihua protection gear city, the captain of the CuiYuHua. Each subunit is equipped with foreign technicians (mostly Americans) and interpreters. Such as Solomon, Waltina, Joe Eiswaltan and more than 10. Their task is to randomly go down to the field, guide driving and troubleshooting. In addition, in Xihua County, West Street Road, north of the old Yamen (now the county pharmaceutical company) set up in the courtyard of a repair and distribution plant, transfer Luohe Repair and distribution plant Zhou Huancai, Wang Chenglu for repair and distribution technicians. 3 detachments at that time **** more than 200 tractor and two self-propelled harvester, within the Ford (25 horsepower), Max (55 horsepower), Cass (55 horsepower), Karma (55 horsepower), Clark (75 horsepower), Diver (90 horsepower), of which Clark that is used in Southeast Asia on the battlefield road construction vehicles. The U.S. Army originally intended to open Chungking, Kunming, Rangoon to Myitkyina, India, the transportation line, and Japan to fight for a long time, Clark is to open up this highway and built. This car tracked, body height of 1.5 meters, body length of 2 meters, in the mountains and dense forests in the muddy environment is most suitable, can be engaged in digging, excavation, pulling the mill rolled solid and many other operations, I can not think of 3 months after the transfer of the yellow floodplain pulling the plow and harrow. After 10 years of yellow flooding Xihua is a quagmire, the grass is too deep, disjointed. The tractor has to roll down the grass to work. A locomotive pulling two plows has been very hard. Winter plowing is even more difficult, because the locomotive are no cockpit, in the snow and ice in the operation, only rely on a set of cotton work clothes is difficult to withstand the biting wind. The ground is about 10 miles long, and it takes 6 hours to plow a round trip. Drivers with the spirit of perseverance, for the Xihua yellow floodplain to open up a total of 450,000 acres of land. From the end of 1945, the refugees from the Yellow Plains had returned home one after another. This group of people who struggled from the edge of life and death, thin and weak, dragging their children with them, were unable to resume production. The reclamation detachments identified the reclaimed wasteland to them, and a considerable amount of land has been sown with seeds and saplings.
Living Relief
The Yellow Panhandle Task Force is headed by Wang Daquan. By the nature of relief can be divided into first aid relief, follow-up relief and development relief. By category, it can be divided into three categories: especially hard-hit areas, hard-hit areas and disaster areas. Solving the problem of food and clothing for the victims became the first and foremost problem of the relief work. After the relief work began, the first thing to be solved was the problem of people's food. There were two kinds of cooked food distribution: fixed-point distribution and mobile distribution. According to the work of the station director Wang Daquan's arrangement, in the town of safflower, Chengguan town and so on more than a dozen places to set down the kitchen, supplying a radius of seven or eight miles within the scope of the disaster victims to receive meals.
Refugees returning one after another after the yellow flood, their original village has been silted under the depth of ten feet, can only be stepped down in the general direction of a piece of artemisia grass, spread on the mat and sleep in the open air. The victims became destitute people with no clothes and no food! A disaster spot often only a fire, encountered rainy days, even this one fire also soaked out, as if the time immediately back to the primitive society of blood and hair! I remember in the 1970s, "River Run" crew to Xihua filming location, they collected a number of clothes as props for the victims of the year, witnessed these pieces of clothing such as silk and only pieces of pots and pans, so that people tearful. Disaster relief first, emergency relief is no better than the distribution of cooked food, which is the first part of the solution to the people in the fire. Cooked food distribution has a fixed point of distribution and mobile distribution of two kinds. According to the work of the station chief Wang Daquan's arrangement, in Honghua, Chengguan and a dozen other places to set down the kitchen, for the radiation radius of seven or eight miles within the victims to receive food to eat. Xihua County, Honghua Town Ling bridge village Ling Ronghai old man recalled: "I am fluent in writing, Wang Daquan told me to create a roster for the victims, reported to the food room located in Honghua, the food room according to the list of meal tickets issued by the victims with the ticket to play meals. There are two kinds of tickets: big tickets (for adults) and small tickets (for children). There were three meals a day, each averaging one horse spoon of rice for one person (sometimes an old 12-tael bun), and one horse spoon of vegetables for two people (a mixture of tomatoes, potatoes, and canned soybeans), which was enough to fill them up. This life lasted for a year and four months, and it was not until all our villages had been provided with dwellings and stoves had been installed that rice and flour began to be distributed." The situation of relief in the specially hard-hit areas was more or less the same. The food distribution in the hardest-hit areas took Xihua County as an example, with the canteen located in the old police station (now the county public security bureau), and Wang Daquan appointed Gao Yousheng, a native of this place, as the head of the canteen, and Shan Fengyi as the accountant. According to the old man's recollection: "At that time, the meal was served twice a day in the afternoon and evening, and the bell was rung at the Great Cross Street as a signal. The victims received their meals according to the number of strips of cloth sewn on their sleeves, one strip for each person. Not all of the victims in Chengguan could get a strip of cloth to eat, and many of them could not get a strip of cloth if they did not break their diets. This kitchen provided cooked food for about 5 months before it was canceled." There were four other kitchen trucks at the work station, which were specially designed to provide cooked food for those who were scattered in the remote corners of the city. Kitchen trucks are ten-wheeled trucks with four tin buckets built into the trunk, each of which can steam 40 pounds of rice. To the location, just on the water through the steam, 20 minutes after both into the rice, and then issued a call for the victims to receive rice. This car is the U.S. Army has served in Southeast Asia on the battlefield special kitchen car, the original 200 soldiers can eat. In general, there are no canteens in the disaster area. Another priority was the distribution of clothing. 10 years after the yellow flooding, the victims had no clothes to wear: boys under the age of 10 were naked, naked, naked; adult men were all bare-shouldered; women were naked, naked, naked, and young girls were so embarrassed that they were ashamed to see others. At that time, all the victims of the special disaster area could receive a set of clothes. A list was first made at the disaster site, indicating age, sex, and height, and then the clothes were distributed in person at the disaster site. The clothes were collected from various countries, some were new, some were 80% new, but none were worn out and unwearable, and they were colorful and strange. Half a century ago, the Chinese people have never seen this? They had worn robes and coats and Chinese plain clothes, and once they received these big red and green dresses and jackets, they looked helpless. "It's the rice that fills the hunger, it's the clothes that keep out the cold", so let's put them on for the time being. At one time, the young girl put on a dress, the old lady put on the flower jacket, the old man put on the work pants, small-footed women stomped on the high heels, the beginning of the people also look at each other and laugh, day after day, also accustomed to it. Instead of a set of clothes for everyone in the hardest-hit and disaster areas, clothes are not issued without clothes. Schoolchildren are given clothes or cloths. I recalled the early 1980s, China's reform and opening up the first results, the economic situation has improved, the market suddenly popular fashion, many people do not like it, said "demonic", the yellow panhandle is not, they said: "This is nothing strange. 40 years ago, we are We went through it 40 years ago." Yes, the yellow floodplain people did see the world, they have in the country "clean eat a hundred households" experience, ate Siamese rice, the United States foreign noodles and a variety of canned food, cookies, barrels of powdered milk, boxed lunches in the field, and later when the market is full of a variety of food, they showed a commonplace style. In the special disaster areas, housing is also a top priority. If you build a house, not only are there no bricks and tiles, you can't even find a stick, so the tents that were decommissioned in World War II became emergency supplies. Generally, 3 to 5 people were issued a 20 square meter tent, and 5 to 8 people were issued a 40 square meter tent, together with the bracket to support the tent. In other areas, depending on the situation, only street sleepers can receive tents.
Elderly Zhang Ke, now 84, was in charge of compiling rosters and registering relief goods for distribution at the Zaokou site of the Relief Administration's Xihua workstation. Elder Zhang Ke recalled, "At that time, the people who had just returned were poorly clothed and poorly fed, and the first task of the workstation was to solve their food and shelter problems."
In order to solve the housing problem of these people, the workstation will be some of the fund-raising or battlefield abandoned some of the tents in accordance with the 3 to 5 families issued 20 square meters tent 1, 5 to 8 families issued 40 square meters tent 1, along with the support of the tent bracket and issued the principle of relief.
Production self-help
At that time, only Xihua, Fugou area there are more than 256,000 people in the disaster, their food, clothing, shelter and transportation, only by the issuance of meals, clothing, tents is not a solution to the fundamental problem. According to the actual situation, Wang Daquan adopted the mode of "implementing follow-up relief by materials, combining relief with production, and taking developmental relief". Wang Daquan is a person with talent in organization and management. He focused on the construction of the Xihua workstation in the automobile transport team, warehouses, sewing factories, shoe factories (50 female workers, handmade), iron loom weaving factories (*** more than 20 female weavers), material allocation supply office, wood factory (in addition to making tables and stools, but also small bridges), etc., for the follow-up relief to improve the mechanism; on the other hand, he often led the "United General On the other hand, he often led the "UN General Assembly" Kaifeng Branch Office of the expatriates to visit the disaster sites.
Firstly, a car transportation team, a sewing factory, a shoe-making factory, a weaving factory, a wood factory, etc. were set up within the Xihua work station, so that some people had jobs to do. Secondly, for those families who could make fires for cooking, the distribution of cooked food was changed to the distribution of rice and flour.
As early as the end of 1945, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Henan Branch Office recruited one class of tractor trainees in each of the two places of Zhongmou and Yushi. 3 months later, the UNRRA Henan Branch Office recruited two classes of tractor trainees with the same qualifications and the same scale. Three months later, the Henan branch of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) recruited two more training classes with the same qualifications and the same scale, and trained 180 tractor drivers. Subsequently, the Henan branch of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration enrolled a third, fourth and fifth batch of trainees.
After graduation, a large part of the trainees came to work for the Yellow Panhandle Agricultural Machinery Reclamation Team. The yellow flood area agricultural machinery reclamation task force under the jurisdiction of three sub-units: a sub-unit initially located in Xihua Wangpaifang, and then moved to Xihua ShaoBanLou; the second sub-unit is located in Fugou LianSi; the third sub-unit is located in the city of Xihua protection block. Each detachment was equipped with foreign technicians and interpreters. In addition, a repair factory was set up in the yard of the old county government office (now Xihua County Pharmaceutical Company) in Xihua County.
The three sub-units had more than 200 tractors and some harvesters at that time, and the tractors were of various models, such as Ford, Max, Clark, etc. Among them, Clark was a kind of tracked multi-purpose engineering vehicle, which could be engaged in digging, excavating, pulling and rolling and many other operations, which made great achievements for the reclaiming of the yellow floodplain.
Then, the task force designated these reclaimed wastelands to farmers for cultivation and reduced or waived all kinds of taxes, crops grew on the deserted beaches, and the victims went from relief to self-help. By the end of 1946, the victims were able to open stoves for cooking. At the same time, the development of relief work in full swing.
Just after the resumption of production, the yellow panhandle was hit by a locust plague, which brought devastating disaster to the yellow panhandle after the locusts covered the sky and made a mess of the crops. In order to protect the newly reclaimed arable land, the workstation mobilized all the people to catch locusts. In order to encourage everyone, the workstation stipulated that every catty of locusts captured could be exchanged for a catty of rice, regardless of men, women and children. "At that time, there was an army of locust hunters everywhere, and the locusts caught every day piled up to a small mountain." Zhang Ke old man recalled.
In order to open up the yellow floodplain to the outside world, two highways had to be built from Zhoukou to Kaifeng and from Zhoukou to Xuchang. Workstation provisions along the way the victims can volunteer to work, volunteer to work in the disaster victims at noon to eat at the site, and according to a certain standard every day can receive a few pounds of flour, the implementation of food for work, the workload is not mandatory. It took 8 months for the victims along the way to repair the two highways from Zhoukou to Kaifeng and from Zhoukou to Xuchang. Today's Zhou Bian, Zhou Xu two highway roadbed, most of them were paved by the victims at that time.
Because of the backward sanitary conditions, Xihua after the flood was full of lice, fleas and flies, mosquitoes, and many people suffered from malaria, scabies and other diseases. In order to enable patients to receive timely treatment, the workstation set up an outpatient clinic near Chenghuang Temple, where a U.S. volunteer sat in on the clinic. "I just remember that people honored her as Miss Ai at that time." In the interview, Zhang Ke old man said, because too much time has passed and Miss Ai is an American, so I can not recall her name, but, "she for the healing of the victims of the disease can not be less effort."
There was a lack of medicines to treat malaria, basically "quinine", scabies, sores and other skin diseases, rubbing a little anti-inflammatory drops or sprinkle some sulfa powder. The method of eliminating lice and fleas was also very simple: the workstation staff distributed a powdered medicine to the victims or sprinkled it on each person's clothes. It was only later that I realized that this white medicine was actually "trichlorfon" powder.
At the time, foreign television predicted, "It is impossible to recover from the yellow floodplain." Of course, this is a bit pessimistic, but in this mangled wilderness to solve the 256,000 victims of food, clothing and shelter, only to put food, clothing, tents is not at all, should take the approach is: a follow-up relief by the material; the second will be combined with the relief and production, to take the road of developmental relief.
According to Ling Zan, the old man recalled: "I know Wang Daquan, Xihua County, many people know him, he led the Americans to my home many times to my father to understand the situation, as long as you can set up a stove to do the cooking, no longer receive the rice, but instead of the issue of rice, white flour, canned food, milk, salted soybean meal. The standard is: 30 pounds of rice and 30 pounds of white flour per month for adults, ***60 pounds; 20 pounds of rice and 20 pounds of white flour per month for children, ***40 pounds; 10 cans of canned food per person, 10 cans of milk, and 1 can of salted soybean meal (5 pounds). My father was the person who made the register of the disaster spot, and the Americans talked to him, and when my father could not understand, he was translated by Wang Daquan." This was a particularly hard-hit area, and what was handed out was usually not eaten in order to protect against rainy, windy and snowy days. On November 25, 1947, the Third General Assembly of the United Nations decided to abolish the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), and Wang Daquan left Xihua for the United States. At the end of that year, the Chinese government decided to set up the Yellow Plains Rehabilitation Bureau to take over the work of the fourth team of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Xihua. All the Chinese staff working at the workstation were either demobilized or transferred to the Bureau according to their volunteers.
On November 25, 1947, the Third Congress of the United Nations decided to abolish the "General Relief Administration", withdraw the staff sent to various countries, and leave all the supplies to the local communities. At that time, the National Government set up the "Yellow Plain Rehabilitation Bureau of the Executive Yuan" to take over all the work of the former "United General Administration" and "General Administration", and established three sub-bureaus in the provinces of Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu, and the director of the Yellow Plain Rehabilitation Bureau of the Executive Yuan was Wang Wang, and the director of the Yellow Plain Rehabilitation Bureau of the United Nations General Assembly was Wang Wang. The director of the Yellow Panhandle Rehabilitation Bureau was Wang Shidian. The Chinese staff of the former "General Relief Administration" were either demobilized or transferred to the Bureau of Rehabilitation according to their volunteers. However, at this time, the KMT government was losing the war, and most of the counties in the "Yellow Plain" had already established people's power, and the then "Fu (Fugou) Tai (Taikang) Xi (Xihua) Government" had successively sent the deputy governor, Mr. Wang Zhaofu, and the secretary of the county government, Mr. Zheng Xianting, to work in the Bureau of Rehabilitation, so the Bureau of Rehabilitation had actually been established. The Fuxing Bureau was actually under the control of the ****production party.
On June 12, 1948, the Kuomintang decided to blow up all the belongings left behind by the task force. At about 8 a.m. that morning, a light bomber, after machine-gunning at low altitude over the workstation, threw two bombs into the courtyard. At one time, the flames rushed to the sky, most of the houses in the workstation were razed to the ground, and the prominent Minglun Hall was bombed to the extent that only a few houses were left, and to this day, on the east wall of the Minglun Hall, the marks made by the bullets are still clearly visible.
In October 1948, the Yuwan Su administrative office of the original reclamation team as the basis for the Fugou Liansi built the Yuwan Su yellow flood area agricultural reclamation school, Cui Yuhua as principal. 1949 April, the school was moved to Kaifeng, renamed Henan Provincial Agricultural School.
October 1949, the central ministry of agriculture called the original yellow floodplain renaissance bureau tractor drivers to participate in the agricultural mechanization training courses sponsored by the ministry of agriculture, renaissance bureau sent more than 80 students to Beijing Shuangqiao former agricultural machinery institute to report, to participate in the theory of agricultural machinery, maintenance and other training. After the training course, all the trainees went to the farms across the country and became the backbone of agricultural mechanization.
March 21, 1950, the central yellow floodplain rejuvenation committee rejuvenation bureau was established in Kaifeng, and then the bureau moved to Xihua County Minglun Hall, rejuvenation of the bureau's main task is to dredge the river, remove the stagnant water, epidemic prevention and treatment of disease, production and disaster relief and call for refugees to return to their homeland and rebuild their homes. In April of the same year, more than 70 tractor drivers from the Central Agricultural Department came to the Fuxing Bureau and set up a mechanized plowing brigade. More than a year, the Fuxing Bureau organization to help farmers dredge the Yinghe River and the Jialu River and other silted rivers, to help return to their homes to reclaim thousands of mu of wasteland, more than 400,000 acres of mechanically reclaimed land, prevention and treatment of disease 1.2 million people, the farmers' lives to a certain extent improved.
In December 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai, while listening to the work report of the Fuxing Bureau, praised the work of the Fuxing Bureau and instructed to end the work of the Fuxing Bureau and build a large farm. in January 1951, the yellow floodplain farm was formally established.
Core Tip: Xihua County is located in the hinterland of the yellow floodplain, and more than 60 years ago, the people here suffered from the disaster of yellow water, and the people had no livelihood. In order to help the people rebuild their homes, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) set up the UNRRA Xihua Workstation. In more than two years, the workstation has helped to reclaim land, rescue and treat victims, provide disaster relief, and compose a piece of music for the people of the world to **** together to resist disasters and build their homes.
Today, the relief activities of the "United Nations Relief and Works Agency in Xihua" in the yellow floodplain have been over half a century, the foreigners who participated in the relief activities have long since returned to their home countries, and the Chinese staff members have been dispersed all over the world due to various reasons, and they are all old, and many of them have already passed away. However, it was their selfless work at that time that brought about the beautiful life in the yellow panhandle today. Let us always remember Wang Daquan, Ms. Ai, and those selfless volunteers, perhaps without their efforts yesterday, there would be no happiness and harmony in the yellow panhandle today. Ma Jie: University professor, intellectual celebrity, many disciples, quite prestigious. The heads of the various branches under the Branch Office were mostly his students. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ma Jie served as the "organizing committee of the Henan Provincial Committee of the Democratic Revolution";
Chen Xuetong: Ma Jie's student, a native of Nanyang, Henan Province, a member of the C*** Party, who did a great deal of work for the transportation of relief supplies to the liberated areas. His wife, Wang Yushan, went to Xihua workstation together, teaching in the yellow flood area Honghua set of elementary school, during which he gave birth to a son, Chen Unity;
Yan Shijun: involved in the aftermath of the relief General Administration of the State **** the Yellow River Road agreement negotiations, after the founding of the country, working in the Ministry of Railways;
Bian Guanghui: agricultural mechanic technician responsible for the training of agricultural machine operators. After the founding of the PRC, he worked in Kaifeng;