Integration (integration) is the process by which a number of isolated things or elements are brought together in some way to change their original dispersed state and create a connection, thus constituting an organic whole.
Source: "Confirmation of Kung Jin Table"
Basic Information
Basic Explanation:
[corpus; grand compendium] Overall; esp. of knowledge or evidence.
Integration (integration) is the process by which a number of isolated things or elements are brought together in some way, creating connections that form an organic whole.
Citation
1, refers to the aggregation. It refers to the collection of writings of various schools into a series of books.
Ching dynasty Jiang Tingxi "completed Gongjin table": "but the books of the great book, for the holy ancestors are integrated." Such as: "the integration of the sons".
2, also refers to the high degree of integration of production processes, production equipment and products. For example, cell phones, digital audio-visual and other portable electronic products are widely used is a high degree of integration of the patch process and integrated circuit chips. Computer motherboards are often integrated with integrated graphics cards, sound cards and network cards. A CPU chip, can integrate tens of millions of semiconductor parts; Shenzhou spacecraft is integrated about 200,000 supporting systems. In the home decoration industry, the advantages of integrated ceiling are also incomparable to traditional decoration.
Other related:
System Integration
The so-called System Integration (SI, System Integration) is the structured comprehensive wiring system and computer network technology, which will be separated from each other, such as personal computers, equipment (such as personal computers), functions and information, etc. Integration into the interrelated, unified and coordinated system, so that resources to achieve full **** enjoyment, to achieve centralized, efficient and convenient management. System integration should use functional integration, BSV LCD splicing integration, integrated wiring, network integration, software interface integration and other integration technologies. System integration to achieve the key to solving the interconnection between the system and interoperability issues, it is a multi-vendor, multi-protocol and for a variety of applications of the architecture. This requires the solution of all kinds of equipment, subsystems, interfaces, protocols, system platforms, application software and other subsystems, the building environment, construction coordination, organization and management and staffing related to all integration-oriented issues.
Service
System integration as a new service mode, is the international information service industry in recent years, one of the most rapid development momentum of the industry. The essence of system integration is the optimization of the integrated design, a large-scale integrated computer network system, system integration, including computer software, hardware, operating system technology, database technology, network communications technology, such as integration, as well as the selection of products from different manufacturers, with the integration of the system integration to achieve the goal of the overall performance is optimal, i.e., all the parts and components together not only work, but also the whole system is low-cost, low-cost, low-cost, low-cost, low-cost, low-cost, low-cost, low-cost, low-cost, low-cost. And the whole system is low-cost, high-efficiency, proportional performance, expandability and maintainability of the system, in order to achieve this goal, the advantages and disadvantages of the system integrator is crucial.
Growth Drivers
According to forecasts, China's system integration services market will grow at a CAGR of 17.40% over the next three years, with the main driving factors coming from several sources: ① The strategy of integrating informationization and industrialization is being implemented at an accelerated pace, and the use of information technology to renovate and upgrade traditional industries has become a common **** knowledge; ② The cycle of technological updating is accelerating, and the key industries are becoming more efficient through the Information technology applications to improve automation and intelligence.
2007-2012 China's system integration services market size changes in the figure above
Quality requirements
This puts forward high requirements for system integration technicians: not only to be proficient in the products and technologies of various vendors, and to be able to put forward the system model and technical solutions. What's more, they should have a good understanding of the user's business model and organizational structure. At the same time, it is also necessary to be able to use modern engineering and project management approach to the information system of the various processes for a unified process and quality control, and to provide perfect service.
Significant features
System integration has the following significant features:
1: system integration to meet the needs of users as the fundamental starting point.
2: system integration is not a simple act of choosing the best product, but to choose the most suitable for the user's needs and investment in the scale of products and technologies.
3: system integration is not a simple supply of equipment, it reflects more design, commissioning and development of technology and capacity.
4: system integration includes technology, management and business aspects, is a comprehensive systems engineering. Technology is the core of the system integration work, management and business activities is the successful implementation of the system integration project is a reliable guarantee.
5: the performance of the cost-effective evaluation of a system integration project design is reasonable and the implementation of an important reference factor for success.
In short, system integration is a business behavior, but also a management behavior, its essence is a technical behavior.
Direction of development
With the standardization of the system integration market, the development of specialization, system integrators will tend to the following three directions:
Products and technical services
The original manufacturer's products as the center of the project's specific technical implementation of the program of a functional part of the technical implementation of the program to provide technical implementation of the program and services, i.e., product system integration.
System consulting type
Provide consulting on customer system projects (project feasibility assessment, project investment evaluation, application system model, specific technical solutions). If it is possible to undertake the project, it will be responsible for project realization bidding and project management (contracting and subcontracting) for product technology service type and application product development type system integrators.
Application product development type
Expressed in cooperation with the user *** with the planning and design of the application system model, with the user *** with the completion of the design and development of the application software system, the industry knowledge and key technologies have a lot of accumulation of a group of amphibious professionals who understand the industry knowledge and computer systems. Provide users with comprehensive system solutions to complete the final system integration.
The results of the current system integration market, users are looking at the application of product development-oriented system integrators. The ability to provide rational organization, effective management, technology is the key to success of the system integration is guaranteed.
New concept of systems integration
In 2008, IBM took the lead in proposing the "Smart Earth", trying to cut into the industrial infrastructure field from the perspective of software services. Its business model is to sell its software, hardware and services and financing of the four-in-one contract, the core of its solutions is based on data integration and interconnection to achieve urban transportation, water resources, health care systems, safety and security and emergency systems of intelligence.
Continuous Integration
Continuous Integration is a software development practice in which team development members frequently integrate their work, and by each member integrating at least once per day, it means that multiple integrations may occur each day. Each integration is verified through an automated build (including compilation, release, and automated testing) to catch integration errors early.
Problems
Continuous integration
The process of integrating software is not a new problem. If the project is developed on a relatively small scale, for example, a one-person project, and if it has a small dependency on external systems, then software integration is not a problem, but as the complexity of a software project increases (even with the addition of one person), more demands are placed on integrating and ensuring that the software components can work together-integrate early and integrate often. Integrating early and integrating often helps projects identify project risks and quality issues early on that would be costly to fix if they were not identified until later in the project, and would likely lead to project delays or project failure.
Definition
Guru Martin Fowler defines Continuous Integration as follows:Continuous Integration is a software development practice in which members of a team of developers integrate their work frequently, usually at least once a day by each member, which means that multiple integrations may occur each day. Each integration is verified through an automated build (including compilation, release, and automated testing) to catch integration errors as quickly as possible. Many teams find that this process greatly reduces integration problems and allows teams to develop cohesive software faster.
Measures
Reducing risk
Integration is done multiple times throughout the day, and testing is done accordingly, which facilitates checking for defects, understanding the health of the software, and reducing assumptions.
Reducing Duplicate Processes
Reducing duplicate processes saves time, money, and effort. Easier said than done. These time-wasting duplicated efforts can occur at any point in our project activities, including code compilation, database integration, testing, review, deployment, and feedback. Continuous integration can automate all of these repetitive actions without much human intervention, allowing people to spend more of their time on brainstorming and higher-value things.
Generate Deployable Software Anytime, Anywhere
Continuous Integration allows you to release deployable software at any time. From an outside perspective, this is the most obvious benefit of Continuous Integration, and we can talk endlessly about improving software quality and minimizing risk, but to the customer, a deployable software product is the most tangible asset. With Continuous Integration, you can often make small changes to the source code and integrate those changes with the rest of the code. If a problem arises, project members are immediately notified and the issue is fixed first. Without continuous integration, these issues may not be discovered until the pre-delivery integration tests, potentially leading to a delay in releasing the product, and in the rush to fix these defects new defects may be introduced, which may ultimately lead to project failure.
Enhanced project visibility
Continuous integration allows us to notice trends and make effective decisions. Without real or up-to-date data to provide support, projects run into trouble and everyone comes up with his best guess. Often, project members gather this information manually, which adds to the burden and is time-consuming. Continuous integration can have two positive effects:
(1) Effective Decision Making: Continuous integration systems provide timely information on project build status and quality metrics, and some continuous integration systems can report on feature completion and defect rates.
(2) Noticing trends: Because of frequent integration, we can see trends such as build success or failure, overall quality, and other project information.
Builds team confidence in the development product
Continuous integration builds the development team's confidence in the development product because they know exactly what the results of each build are, they know what impacts their changes to the software have had, and what the results have been.
Elements
1. Unified codebase
2. Automated builds
3. Automated testing
4. Everyone submits code to the codebase trunk every day
5. A build is triggered on the Continuous Integration server after each code submission
6. Guaranteed fast builds
7. automated tests that simulate production environments
8. easy access to the latest executable application for everyone
9. everyone is aware of the status of what's going on
10. automated deployments
PRINCIPLES
1. all developers need to do local builds on their local machines before committing to the version control repository, thus ensuring that their changes do not cause continuous integration to fail.
2. Developers commit code to the repository at least once a day.
3. Developers need to update their code from the version control repository to the local machine at least once a day.
4. Dedicated integration servers are required to perform integration builds, multiple times per day.
5. Every build needs to pass 100% of the time.
6. Each build generates a releasable product.
7. Fixing failed builds is the highest priority.
8. testing is the future and the future is testing