Review Outline for Unit 7
Lesson 1
1. "Without rules, nothing can be achieved" means that you must have rules in everything you do, understand the rules, and Follow the rules.
2. Rules are systems or regulations that a social group stipulates for everyone to abide by in order to achieve certain goals.
※3. Rules exist in the form of words, such as school rules, community conventions, laws, etc. - written rules; they are passed down in a conventional way, such as customs - unwritten rules.
※4. The role of rules: Rules are not to restrict or control people’s behavior, but to enable people to live an orderly, safe and healthy life. Rules indicate the norms of life, establish the order of life, and improve the efficiency of life. At the same time, only when everyone is equal before rules or laws can we bring fairness and justice to our lives.
5. During his tenure as an official (Vice Chairman of the National People’s Congress), Cheng Kejie illegally accepted property from others in huge amounts. The court determined that Cheng Kejie's behavior violated the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China and constituted the crime of accepting bribes. He was sentenced to death in accordance with the law, deprived of political rights for life, and confiscated all personal property. This shows that everyone is equal before the law. No matter who breaks the law, no matter how high their status is, they will be punished by the law.
※6. Laws are rules established by the state and everyone must abide by.
7. Respecting the law is an important symbol of a civilized society.
※8. Rules appear to resolve conflicts in life and establish life order.
9. Many rules originate from life and constantly change with the needs of life.
(The emergence of roads, crosswalks, and zebra crossings shows that rules neither exist naturally nor are they a new thing. They appear along with the development of society and the needs of life. They are what people want to do. Continuously formulated to solve conflicts and problems in life)
10. New rules need to be formulated when new situations arise.
The emergence of space traffic rules shows that there is a reason for the emergence of any rules. Formulating new regulations applicable to space society is an objective requirement for the development of modern space science and technology. When facing new situations and new problems in the new era, new rules need to be considered. Even in space, a space that is very far away from people, it should be regulated to ensure its normal order.
※11. We are both rule-followers and rule-makers. We can make rules as needed. (Such as the formulation of class rules)
12. The public has the right and channel to participate in the formulation of rules, and the government selects consumer representatives. Explain that the emergence of rules arises from problems and is applied to reality. It is not to restrict or control people's behavior, but to enable people to live an orderly, safe, healthy and comfortable life.
※13. In our country, important laws must be reviewed and adopted by the National People’s Congress (referred to as the National People’s Congress). The National People's Congress is the highest organ of state power in our country and is also the organ that exercises national legislative power. It occupies the primary position in the national system of state organs
Lesson 2
※13. Every citizen ( The basic rights enjoyed by children (including minors) include: the right to life and health (the most basic rights), the right to education, the right to be guardianship, the right to personal freedom, the right to portrait, the right to name, the right to reputation, the right to honor, the right to copyright, and the right to criticize and suggest (Supervision power), etc., all rights must be exercised in accordance with rules and law.
14. The laws that protect citizens’ rights include:
The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China or the Constitution - the fundamental law, stipulates and protects the basic rights of all citizens;< /p>
The "General Principles of the People's Republic of China and the Civil Law" or the General Principles of Civil Law - also have provisions to protect the basic rights of citizens (right to life and health, right to name, right to portrait, right to reputation, etc.);
< p>"The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors" or the Law on the Protection of Minors - specifically stipulates and protects the rights enjoyed by minors;"The Law of the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors" "Compulsory Education Law" or Compulsory Education Law - Protecting the Right to Education
"Education Law of the People's Republic of China" or Education Law - Protecting the Right to Education
※15 , Obligations of minors:
(1) Obligations at home: respect the elderly, be filial to parents, be diligent and frugal, and do things within your ability, such as washing clothes, washing dishes, mopping the floor, etc.;< /p>
(2) Obligations at school: get education, study hard, be united and friendly, abide by the code of conduct for middle school students, care for the campus environment, do not litter, etc.;
(3) In the community Obligations: Protect the ecological environment, maintain public order, protect public property, etc. 16. Only when everyone fulfills their obligations can we fully enjoy our rights. Many obligations are responsibilities given to us by rules.
17. Rules regarding obligations are embodied in written regulations and laws, as well as in daily moral norms.
18. No matter at home, at school, or anywhere, we are all members of society. While we fully exercise the rights granted to us by the law, we should also faithfully perform the obligations assigned to us by the law.
19. In modern social life, there are no rules that only talk about rights but not obligations, and there are no rules that talk only about obligations but not rights.
※20. Exercising rights and fulfilling obligations within the rules is the guarantee for our free growth.
※21. Freedom must always be based on rules as a prerequisite and guarantee.
※22. The relationship between freedom and rules: In human society, freedom without any constraints or restrictions does not exist. Individual freedom can only be freedom within the prescribed scope. Rules are certain mandatory norms of behavior to ensure that people gain true freedom.
23. P49 The European traffic breakdown incident shows that if people do not follow the rules, people's lives will be seriously affected and even life-threatening, and freedom will be out of the question. In essence, the emergence and formulation of rules is to make society more orderly, fairer, and more reasonable, and to make people's lives more convenient, safer, and faster, rather than to restrict people's freedom.
24. The more society develops and progresses, the more perfect and detailed the rules become. For example, wearing a hat or wearing a hat is a personal freedom, and others have no right to interfere. However, if it affects the appearance of the city and the image of the country, it is a different matter.
Lesson 3
22. In order to ensure the basic living rights of all members of society, the state has established a system for providing assistance and subsidies in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, which is called the social security system. .
※23. The social security system includes: social insurance (pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance), social relief (poor areas and poor residents), social welfare (various types of disabilities) people and people with no security of livelihood, such as unsupported children or unsupported elderly people).
※24, 110 - Bandit police - report the location of the crime and the danger
119 - Fire alarm - report the fire location and scene conditions
120 ——Medical emergency——Report the patient’s location and condition
122——Traffic accident alarm——Report the accident location and on-site conditions
25. Facing special difficulties and dangers in life , we can turn to the social security system and specialized relief agencies in accordance with the rules. Facing all the problems in life, we should and can strive for proper solutions according to the rules.
26. Consumer Rights Day - March 15
27. When personal rights are violated, like Wang Wei in the textbook, what will you do?
(1) Revenge - to show off one's strength and do unjust acts, harming both others and oneself, and cannot solve the problem. (Wrong)
(2) Suffering and swallowing one's anger - encouraging the offender's behavior to become more arrogant and conniving.
In the long run, it will inevitably affect personal physical and mental health and academic performance. (Wrong)
※ (3) Report the crime (that is, use legal means to protect one's rights and interests) - turn to law enforcement agencies such as the police station for help, use legal weapons to protect one's legitimate rights and interests, and also protect others The safety of classmates. (It is a manifestation of the correct use of legal means to protect oneself)
28. What should we do when we cannot master all legal knowledge and business rules?
An effective way is to find a lawyer. A lawyer is a person who specializes in studying law and provides legal services to society with professional legal knowledge.
※29. What can lawyers do for us? (Or what is the role of a lawyer?)
(1). Serve as a legal advisor and handle relevant legal matters; (2) Provide consultation on legal issues;
(3) Ghostwriting Legal documents; (4) Accepting entrustments and serving as defenders or agents in various cases
30. What do the words and deeds of the three characters in the cartoon "The Gentleman Moves His Mouth" in the textbook reflect?
(1) The attitude of passers-by that "it doesn't matter, just hang it up high" and that doing more is worse than doing less is a sign of a lack of social responsibility.
(2) Construction site managers divide their responsibilities into work and off work, and only shirk responsibility when problems are discovered, which is a sign of lack of social responsibility.
(3) Students did not sit idly by, which is a sign of social responsibility, and they also implemented practical actions.
31. Textbook: What rights of citizens did two rural students exercise when they made suggestions to relevant departments on the disposal of waste medicine bottles?
Their actions exercised citizens’ right to criticize and suggest (that is, the right to supervise).
32. Are social issues directly related to personal interests?
On the surface, many things have no obvious conflict with personal interests, and there are no written rules that give us the obligation to intervene in every matter. But in fact, the problems reflected in these things harm the country, collective property and public interests, threaten the environment on which we rely for survival and development, and are ultimately not conducive to the survival and development of everyone.
33. Taking responsibility is a sign of healthy growth. Everyone taking responsibility is a sign of social civilization and progress.
Comprehensive Exploration Seven
34. No matter what type of problem, we have the right to put forward our own suggestions for solving the problem. This is to exercise the right to criticize and make suggestions, that is, to exercise the right of supervision.
35. Common social problems:
(1) Public security problems - theft and robbery are serious
(2) Traffic problems - congestion, Failure to abide by traffic rules
(3) Environmental issues - motor vehicle exhaust, industrial pollution (waste water, waste gas, waste) disposable items (wooden chopsticks, fast food boxes, plastic bags), excessive packaging
(4) Domestic pollution - spitting, chewing gum residue, and random accumulation of household garbage
※36. Format of investigation report:
(1) Title: About …….Survey
(2) Survey method: time, place, method
(3) Survey result: conclusion or data display
(4) Analysis and discussion: Analyze the causes of the problem
(5) Suggestions and assumptions: Propose solutions to the problem
(6) Summary: Feelings and insights through your own investigation report.
※37. Reasonable ways or methods to reflect suggestions:
(1) You can call or write to the relevant national competent authorities or directly report to the relevant personnel in person
(2) Interview people’s representatives
(3) You can write letters to the news media and publicly express your opinions
Unit 8 Review Outline
< p>Lesson 1: The choice we always face※1. Consumers are our first and most stable identity when we enter economic life. Consumption is the process of enjoying goods and services to meet our daily needs.
The relationship between production and consumption is: production determines consumption, and consumption affects production.
Conditions of commodities: both items produced and items to be sold in the market.
The emergence of e-commerce has broken the traditional face-to-face transactions and enabled people thousands of miles apart to conduct trading activities.
The factors that influence people's shopping include: quality, price, origin, brand, after-sales service of goods, shoppers' needs and preferences, the influence of advertising and the shopping environment, etc.
The factors that affect price changes include: changes in season, time when goods are put on the market, location, hot spots in life, brands, etc.
What is the reasonable way to shop? First of all, you must live within your means and arrange your expenditures according to your income level so that your expenditures are consistent with your income level. Secondly, never forget to be thrifty at any time. When shopping, it is best to analyze and compare before purchasing. Again, when shopping, you should start from your actual needs and don’t follow them blindly.
8. What is the Engel coefficient? What is Engel's law?
Food expenditure
Engel coefficient = %, indicating how wealthy people live.
Total living consumption expenditures
Engel's law means that the lower a family or individual's income, the greater the proportion of food expenditures in total expenditures. As family income increases With the increase, the proportion of food expenditure in total household income or total expenditure gradually decreases. For a country, the poorer a country is, the greater the proportion of its average national expenditure on food.
Consumption that emphasizes environmental protection has become people’s pursuit of high-quality life and a symbol of modern civilized life.
10. What is a green lifestyle?
Save resources and reduce pollution; green consumption and environmentally friendly purchasing; reuse and multiple uses; garbage classification and recycling; rescue species and protect nature. (For example, choose fluorine-free refrigerators, air conditioners and other electrical appliances, choose washing powder that does not pollute water sources; choose reused recycled paper, use paper on both sides, recycle waste paper, etc.)
Lesson 2: Starting a business with credit Priceless
10. Dad’s 16-word secret to a successful business: “I have what others don’t have, I have excellence when others have it, I have integrity when it comes to excellence, I have integrity when it comes to others.” Factors that successful investors must consider: market demand, product price, technological transformation, and development of new products.
11. How to avoid risks? Divide funds equally and diversify investments. That is, "Don't put all your eggs in the same basket." There is one condition that must be met to avoid risks in this way: the factors leading to risks are opposite.
12. The unique characteristics of investment: it can bring wealth, but there are also risks, and investment methods with greater benefits have correspondingly greater risks.
13. The key to entrepreneurship is to seize opportunities. The key to seizing opportunities is: adapt to the times, circumstances, circumstances, and local conditions.
14. Successful entrepreneurs always regard credit as the foundation of their business. If you keep your word, your company will gain opportunities for survival and long-term development; if you fail to keep your word, you will lose all your partners, lose future opportunities, and cause your company to fail.
Lesson 3: Everyone is responsible for serving the country
The main methods of family financial management: savings, bonds, and insurance. Savings are one of the most common items in the average household's ledger. Treasury bonds are guaranteed by the country's credibility and financial resources, and the state is responsible for repaying principal and interest. They are the bonds with the least risk. The interest on bonds is generally higher than the interest on bank deposits during the same period. No matter how you manage your finances, there are risks.
Planning and arranging a family’s income and expenses is called a family budget. A household budget is an important way to manage family finances. It is mainly reflected in two aspects: increasing revenue and reducing expenditure. To increase revenue is to increase income; to reduce expenditure is to plan expenditure.
The country’s income and expenditure are called finance. How the state plans to arrange its revenue and expenditures is the state's budget. In our country, the National People's Congress holds a meeting every year, and one of the important topics is the review and adoption of the annual budget.
In our lives, some important public facilities and services must be built with government investment. The military that protects national security, state agencies that serve the people, various social security structures, and many schools and scientific research units also rely on state revenue and expenditures.
The most important and stable source of national finance comes from taxation. The state collects taxes from taxpayers in accordance with standards stipulated by law, which is called taxation. There are many types of taxes, and each type has a corresponding taxpayer. Personal income tax is a tax paid by many people whose personal income reaches a certain amount. "High-income people pay more, and low-income people pay less." Paying taxes in accordance with the law is a basic obligation of citizens. Our country’s tax revenue comes from the people and is used by the people.
20. Be a steward of civilized life: Times have changed, and consumption concepts are also different. We should respect each other’s consumption methods, but while pursuing a high-quality consumption life, we should also be frugal and live within our means. , Consume reasonably according to your actual needs, and do not consume excessively, blindly, or even waste wantonly.