What are the formats of research reports?
The core of a research report is to reflect and analyze objective facts realistically. The following is the "Research Report Format", I hope it will be helpful to you!
1. The format of the title of the research report
The research report should use a title that can reveal the center of the content. The specific writing methods are as follows:
(1) Official document title. Most of the titles of this type of research reports are composed of "theme of the article" and "genre of the article", and are plain and steady, such as "Research Report on the Economic and Living Conditions of Intellectuals"; some are also composed of the research object and the word "survey", such as "Knowledge" Investigation of molecular conditions".
(2) General article title. The title of this type of research report directly reveals the core of the research report and is very concise, such as "The elderly in this city each have their own interests."
(3) Question-type title, such as "When will the "favor debt" end?" This is a commonly used title for typical research reports, and it is characterized by its attractiveness.
(4) A title that combines main and subtitles. This is a more commonly used title for research reports. Especially how to write research reports on typical experiences and research reports on new things. The main title reveals the ideological significance of the research report, and the subtitle indicates the matters and scope of the research report, such as "Deepening the Factory Affairs Disclosure Mechanism and Innovating Ideological and Political Work Methods—A Survey on Deepening the Factory Affairs Disclosure System at the Jiang'an Depot of Wuhan Branch."
2. The format of the text of the research report
The text is generally divided into three parts: the preface, the main body, and the conclusion.
(1) Preface. There are several ways to write a preface: the first is to state the cause or purpose of the investigation, time and place, object or scope, process and methods, as well as the composition of the personnel and other circumstances of the investigation itself, and draw out the central question or basic conclusion; the second is to state the investigation itself; The first is to write down the historical background, general development process, actual situation, main achievements, outstanding issues and other basic information of the object of investigation, and then put forward the central question or main point of view; the third is to get straight to the point and directly summarize the results of the investigation, such as affirmation practices, point out problems, prompt influences, explain central content, etc. The preface plays the role of the finishing touch and should be concise and summarized, and get to the point directly.
(2)Subject. This is the backbone and core of the research report, the extension of the quotation, and the basis for the conclusion. This part mainly describes the truth of the facts, gains, experiences and lessons, that is, what is the main content of the investigation and why it is like this. The main part should include a large amount of material - characters, events, problems, specific practices, difficulties and obstacles, etc., and has a lot of content. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully arrange the level of the research report, arrange the structure, and present the theme step by step and orderly.
The narration and discussion of facts in the research report are mainly written in this part, which is an important part to fully express the theme. Generally speaking, there are about three forms of structure of the main body of a research report:
Horizontal structure. That is, comprehensively analyze the content of the survey, focus on the main theme, and summarize it into several questions according to different categories. Each question can be written with a subtitle. And there are often several small problems within each problem. The format of typical empirical research reports generally adopts this structure. This form of research report has a clear point of view and a prominent center, making it clear at a glance; it has a vertical structure. There are two forms. One is to narrate and discuss the cause, development and sequence of the investigated events. General research reports and research reports that reveal problems often use this structure, which helps readers have an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the development of things. The first is to arrange the structure in a progressive manner based on achievements, reasons, and conclusions. Generally, comprehensive research reports often adopt this form;
Comprehensive structure. This form of research report has the characteristics of both vertical and horizontal formats, which are interspersed with each other to organize and arrange the materials. This method of writing research reports generally uses a vertical structure when describing and discussing the development process, and a horizontal structure when writing about gains, understandings, and lessons learned.
No matter what structure the main part of the research report adopts, it should be in an orderly manner, with clear priorities, appropriate details, close connections, and in-depth layers to better express the theme.
(3) End. The end is the inevitable result of the research report analyzing the problem, drawing conclusions, and solving the problem. Different research reports have different endings. Generally speaking, there are five types of endings for research reports: summarizing the research report, summarizing the main points, and deepening the theme to improve people's understanding; making prospects for the development of things, Put forward the direction of efforts and inspire people to further explore; make suggestions for leaders to refer to; write down the existing problems or deficiencies, indicating that they need to be solved by future research; supplement and explain the situations or problems that are not covered in the main text but deserve attention.
In short, the end of the research report should be concise and powerful, long if there is something to say, and short if there is nothing to say. You don’t have to write it if it’s not necessary.
3. Common problems in writing research reports
First, the opinions are out of touch with the materials; second, the materials are insufficient and cannot explain the opinions; third, the materials are piled up without being summarized from the materials. Views, lack of analysis and research; fourth, improper expression. When writing a research report, you should try to avoid boring language and strive to write it in a popular, simple and vivid way. Research report sample
Since the launch of the "Kawagoe 5.12" professional team capacity building research and training project funded by the "Keswick Fund", it has received support from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Social Work Research Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. .Strong support. Based on the needs assessment survey report of the disaster area submitted by the social work expert service team of the Ministry of Civil Affairs to the disaster area at the end of May 20xx, from August 15 to 21, 20xx, the Social Work Research Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs sent two comrades, Ma Fuyun and Cheng Yan, to Li County, Sichuan. Conduct a survey on the training needs of local township cadres and village-level cadres to further improve the curriculum of this training project, develop targeted training materials, and ensure the improvement of the capabilities of grassroots cadres. The survey results are reported as follows:
1. Overview of Li County
Li County is located in the central part of Sichuan Province and in the southeast of Aba Prefecture. It has a typical mountain and valley terrain and is a transportation fortress in northwest Sichuan. It is one of the largest commercial and trade markets in China, with a total area of ??4,318 square kilometers and a total population of less than 50,000. The residents are mainly Tibetan, Qiang, Hui, Han and other ethnic groups. The county governs 4 towns and 9 townships, including Zagunao Town, Miyaluo Town, Gurgou Town, Xuecheng Town, Jiabi Township, Putou Township, Ganbao Township, Puxi Township, Shangmeng Township, and Xiameng Township. , Muka Township, Tonghua Township, Taoping Township. The county's economy is dominated by water and electricity, vegetables, medicinal materials and tourism.
After the earthquake, with the assistance of Hunan Province, the post-disaster reconstruction work in Li County was in full swing. The construction of key projects such as schools, hospitals, rural drinking water irrigation projects and other construction projects have been basically completed, the reconstruction and reinforcement of farm houses is nearing completion, hardening projects of rural roads, village roads, and inter-household roads, rural landscape renovation, Sanxiang Avenue construction and other projects Construction is advancing in an intense and orderly manner, striving to basically complete the original three-year construction goal within two years.
2. Research Purpose and Objects
The purpose of this research is to understand their actual work status and expectations for competency training through interviews with grassroots cadres, so as to determine Specific goals of capacity building, training methods, and course content, and seek their opinions and suggestions on training time and location.
"Grassroots cadres" are the target of capacity building training. After coordination with the Organization Department of Li County County Party Committee, this survey mainly selected 7 of the 13 towns in Li County: Gurgou Town, Pu County In Touxiang, Zagunao Town, Ganbao Township, Xuecheng Town, Tonghua Township, and Taoping Township, 9 township cadres and 4 village cadres were interviewed for their training needs. Among them, 9 township-level cadres were all male. They are all between 28 and 45 years old, with a college degree or above, and one of them is a master's degree student; the four village cadres are also male, between the ages of 30 and 45, and all have a high school degree or above.
3. Main results of the survey
1. Main work after the disaster
After the earthquake, the main work content of township and village cadres is divided into three stages. First, The first is emergency rescue work, including relocating villagers, rescuing injured victims, digging materials from collapsed houses, etc.; second is disaster relief work, including disaster statistics, distribution of relief materials, organizing and building transitional houses, cashing in death and disability subsidies, and cooperating with the medical team to implement rescue, etc.; the third is post-disaster reconstruction work, including the reconstruction and reinforcement of farm houses and cooperation with the Hunan aid team in school construction, hospital construction, Sanxiang Avenue construction, rural drinking water irrigation projects, road hardening, rural landscape transformation, and industrial structure adjustment and poverty alleviation work, etc.
2. Problems at work
Grassroots cadres face many problems and difficulties in post-disaster reconstruction, which mainly include:
(1) Excessive work pressure . Cadres interviewed in the survey generally expressed that they are currently facing great work pressure. There are many shortcomings in the economic and social development of Li County. There is a lot of complicated and specific work to be done in post-disaster reconstruction. However, the township-level government has few staff, weak work capabilities, and a serious shortage of human resources. The original three-year reconstruction task was to be completed within two years, which doubled the work tasks of the townships. Faced with the work tasks and requirements of various departments, the grassroots cadres of the townships were exhausted. In addition, Li County is an area inhabited by ethnic minorities, and the living environment in the mountainous areas is poor, and in the river valleys Affected by conditions such as the shortage of cultivated land, township cadres feel great work pressure.
(2) High physical and mental pressure. The heavy work tasks have brought severe physical and mental pressure to grassroots cadres. The construction of office buildings of the six township governments we visited lagged behind the construction of local farmhouses, schools and hospitals. The work and office environment for cadres was poor, and there were basically no sports and fitness facilities. Township staff have been on the front line of reconstruction for a long time, living and eating in offices. It is rare for them to go home and get the warmth of their families. In particular, most cadres themselves are also disaster-stricken households. They have no time to take care of the reconstruction of their own homes, and some of them cannot get the warmth of their families. understanding and support. Since the earthquake relief work, grassroots cadres have not taken any holidays and work overtime every day. The high workload and intensity, low quality of life, and guilt for their families have caused them to face great physical and mental pressure. The anxiety, guilt, loneliness, loss, depression and other negative emotions displayed by some grassroots cadres at work require timely intervention.
(3) Specific problems and confusions at work: During the survey, the interviewees specifically described the problems and confusions they are likely to encounter in their work, which mainly focus on: the public does not understand the rejection of cadres and its low credibility among the people, issues such as land acquisition, compensation and demolition during the reconstruction process, difficulties in people’s recognition and cooperation during policy implementation, management and technical issues in industrial restructuring, issues in the physical and mental adjustment of cadres, and legal issues for grassroots cadres. Regulations and lack of professional capabilities.
3. Needs for education and training
Although grassroots cadres face great pressure during the reconstruction process, they are still full of confidence in the future, based on recent work plans. They are eager to receive education and training support, which mainly includes:
(1) Training on policies and regulations for grassroots management;
(2) Training on community (regional) development theories, models and methods ;
(3) Skills training for grassroots management service work;
(4) Self-relief stress and psychological counseling skills training;
(5) And Exchange and learning among grassroots cadres in developed areas;
(6) General ability and quality training of grassroots cadres;
(7) Specific personnel training: such as civil affairs, subsistence allowances, women, Family planning, and serving college students in western rural areas;
(8) Specific skills training: such as conflict resolution, civil mediation, financial management, village planning, etc.
IV. Specific training suggestions
1. Training time suggestions
In view of the current heavy reconstruction tasks in Li County and considering the work schedule, it is recommended that the training time be It will be held at the end of October or November, and each period will last about 10 days.
2. Suggestions on training locations
In order to ensure that trainees receive high-quality training on time, in a concentrated and comprehensive manner, the research team recommends that the training locations be located outside Li County, Jiuzhaigou and Chengdu Locations within the province that can be prioritized.
3. Suggestions for training targets
Based on the design of the training program and the research situation, it is recommended that the training targets be positioned at two different levels: county and township grassroots cadres and village cadres. Objects at two different levels are trained separately.
4. Training methods
In view of the current physical condition and physical and mental pressure of cadres in the disaster area, it is recommended to combine training with leisure, give students some rest time in the course arrangement, and arrange some after-school activities Fitness, entertainment and leisure activities are beneficial to relieve stress and restore physical and mental health.
5. Training courses
According to the survey results, cadre capacity building training courses should include the following topics: grassroots laws and regulations, community development and resource development, grassroots government transformation (from management to service ), psychological counseling, government/civil society/volunteer collaboration, group needs and services, etc.
For county and township cadres, increase social work services, crisis event intervention, human resources and resource management, etc.; for village cadres, increase social work service skills, livelihood reconstruction, cultural protection and inheritance, etc.
Social Work Research Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs
September 2, 20xx;