1 general rules
According to the Emergency Response Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the National Overall Emergency Plan for Public Emergencies and the relevant provisions of the State Council, this guide is formulated to strengthen the guidance of emergency drills and promote the standardized, safe, economical and orderly development of emergency drills.
1. 1 definition of emergency drill
Emergency drills refer to the activities carried out by people's governments at all levels and their departments, enterprises, institutions and social organizations. (hereinafter referred to as the exercise organizing unit) according to the relevant emergency plan, organize relevant units and personnel to simulate emergency response.
1.2 purpose of emergency drill
(1) inspection plan. By carrying out emergency drills, we can find out the problems existing in the emergency plan, and then improve the emergency plan and improve its practicability and operability.
(2) improve preparation. Through emergency drills, check the preparation of emergency teams, materials, equipment, technology and other aspects needed for emergencies, adjust and supplement them in time if any deficiencies are found, and do a good job in emergency preparation.
(3) Exercise the team. By carrying out emergency drills, the organizers, participating units and personnel will be more familiar with the emergency plan and improve their emergency response capabilities.
(4) Running-in mechanism. Through emergency drills, further clarify the responsibilities and tasks of relevant units and personnel, straighten out the working relationship and improve the emergency mechanism.
(5) popular science education. By carrying out emergency drills, we will popularize emergency knowledge and improve the public's awareness of risk prevention and their ability to cope with disasters such as self-help and mutual assistance.
1.3 emergency drill principles
(1) Make a reasonable positioning based on the actual situation. Closely combined with the actual emergency management work, clear the purpose of the drill, and determine the drill mode and scale according to the resource conditions.
(2) Pay attention to actual combat and be practical. Focus on improving the command and coordination ability of emergency commanders and the actual combat ability of emergency teams. Pay attention to the evaluation and inspection of the exercise effect and organization work, sum up the promotion experience, and rectify the existing problems in time.
(3) Carefully organize to ensure safety. Around the purpose of the drill, carefully plan the drill content, scientifically design the drill plan, carefully organize the drill activities, formulate and strictly abide by the relevant safety measures to ensure the safety of the drill participants and drill equipment and facilities.
(4) Overall planning and strict economy. Coordinate emergency drills, moderately carry out comprehensive drills across regions, departments and industries, make full use of existing resources, and strive to improve the efficiency of emergency drills.
1.4 emergency drill classification
(1) According to the organizational form, emergency drills can be divided into desktop drills and actual combat drills.
① Desktop exercises. Desktop drill refers to the process in which participants discuss and deduce emergency decision-making and on-site disposal by using maps, sand tables, flow charts, computer simulations, video conferences and other auxiliary means according to the pre-assumed drill scenarios, so as to promote relevant personnel to master the responsibilities and procedures stipulated in the emergency plan and improve their command, decision-making and coordination capabilities. Desktop drills are usually conducted indoors.
2 actual combat drills. Actual combat drill refers to the process that participants use the equipment and materials involved in emergency response, and complete the real emergency response through actual decisions, actions and operations according to the preset emergency scenarios and their subsequent development scenarios, so as to test and improve the emergency response capabilities of relevant personnel such as on-site organization and command, team mobilization, emergency response skills and logistics support. Actual combat drills are usually completed in specific places.
(2) According to the content, emergency drills can be divided into single drills and comprehensive drills.
(1) individual exercise. A single drill refers to a drill that only involves a specific emergency response function in the emergency plan or a series of emergency response functions in the on-site disposal plan. Pay attention to the specific links and functions of one or several participating units (posts).
② Comprehensive drills. Comprehensive drill refers to the drill activities involving multiple or all emergency functions in the emergency plan. Pay attention to multi-link and multi-function inspection, especially the inspection of emergency mechanism and joint response ability between different units.
(3) According to the purpose and function, emergency drills can be divided into inspection drills, demonstration drills and research drills.
① Check the drill. Inspection drill refers to the drill organized to test the feasibility of emergency plan, the adequacy of emergency preparation, the coordination of emergency mechanism and the emergency handling ability of relevant personnel.
② Demonstration drill. Demonstration drill refers to a performance drill in strict accordance with the emergency plan, in order to show the emergency ability or provide demonstration teaching for the observers.
③ Research drills. Research drills refer to drills organized to study and solve key and difficult problems in emergency response and test new schemes, technologies and equipment.
Different types of drills can be combined with each other to form stand-alone desktop drills, comprehensive desktop drills, stand-alone actual combat drills, comprehensive actual combat drills, demonstration stand-alone drills and demonstration comprehensive drills.
1.5 emergency drill plan
The drill organizing unit shall formulate the annual emergency drill plan according to the actual situation and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and emergency plans, and rationally plan the frequency, scale, form, time and place of emergency drills in accordance with the principle of "first single item, then comprehensive, first desktop, then actual combat, step by step, and orderly time and space".
2 emergency drill organization
The drill should be organized and implemented under the leadership of the emergency leading organization or command organization determined by the relevant plan. The exercise organizing unit shall set up an exercise leading group composed of leaders of relevant units, usually including planning department, safety department and evaluation team; According to different types and scales of drills, the organization and functions can be adjusted appropriately. According to the need, you can set up a field headquarters.
2. 1 drill leading group
The exercise leading group is responsible for organizing and leading the whole process of emergency exercise activities, approving and deciding on major issues of the exercise. The leader of the drill leading group is generally the person in charge of the drill organizing unit or its superior unit; The deputy team leader is generally the person in charge of the exercise organizing unit or the person in charge of the main co-organizer, and other members of the team are generally the relevant person in charge of each exercise participating unit. In the implementation stage of the drill, the leader and deputy leader of the drill leading group usually serve as the chief commander and deputy chief commander of the drill respectively.
2.2 Planning Department
The Planning Department is responsible for emergency exercise planning, exercise scheme design, exercise implementation organization and coordination, exercise evaluation and summary. The planning department has a chief planner and an assistant planner, and consists of a copywriting group, a coordination group, a control group and a publicity group.
(1) master plan. The master plan is the main organizer of the drill preparation, drill implementation and drill summary stage, and is generally held by the personnel with experience in emergency drill organization and emergency disposal of the drill organization unit; The deputy chief planner assists the chief planner in his work, which is generally held by the relevant personnel of the exercise organizing unit or participating unit.
(2) copywriting group. Under the direct leadership of the chief planner, he is responsible for making exercise plans, designing exercise plans, writing exercise summary reports, filing and archiving exercise documents, etc. Its members should have some experience in organizing exercises and dealing with emergencies.
(3) coordination group. Responsible for communication and coordination with relevant units participating in the drill and relevant departments of the unit, and its members are generally administrative and foreign affairs personnel of the drill organizing unit and participating units.
(4) control group. During the implementation of the drill, under the direct command of the general planner, he is responsible for transmitting various control information to the drill personnel and guiding the emergency drill process as planned. Its members are preferably experienced in drills, and can also be drawn from the copywriting group and the coordination group, and are often called drill controllers.
(5) propaganda group. Responsible for preparing the drill publicity plan, sorting out the drill information, organizing the news media and issuing press releases. Its members are generally the personnel of the exercise organization unit and the propaganda department of the participating units.
2.3 Security Department
The Security Department is responsible for mobilizing materials and equipment needed for the drill, purchasing and making drill models, props and scenes, preparing the drill site, maintaining the order of the drill site, ensuring transport vehicles and ensuring the safety of personnel. Its members are generally the logistics, finance, office and other departments of the exercise organization and participating units, and are often called logistics support personnel.
2.4 Assessment Team
The evaluation team is responsible for designing the evaluation plan, compiling the evaluation report of the exercise, making a whole-process and all-round evaluation of the preparation, organization, implementation and safety matters of the exercise, and putting forward opinions and suggestions to the exercise leading group, planning department and safety department in time. Its members are generally emergency management experts and professionals with certain experience in drill evaluation and emergency treatment, and are usually called drill assessors. The evaluation team can be organized by the superior department or the exercise organizing unit.
2.5 Participating teams and personnel
Participants include the staff of relevant emergency management departments (units) specified in the emergency plan, various full-time and part-time emergency rescue teams and volunteer teams.
Participants undertake specific drill tasks and take emergency response actions against simulated event scenarios. Sometimes, simulation personnel can be used to replace the personnel of the unit who did not participate in the drill on site, or to simulate the accident process, such as releasing smoke and simulating leakage.
3 Emergency drill preparation
3. 1 Make a drill plan
The drill plan is compiled by the copywriting team, reviewed by the planning department and submitted to the drill leading group for approval. The main contents include:
(1) Determine the purpose of the drill, and clarify the reasons for holding the emergency drill, the problems to be solved in the drill and the expected results.
(2) Analyze the drill demand, and on the basis of carefully analyzing the risks of preset events and emergency plans, determine the drill personnel, skills, equipment to be tested, emergency handling procedures to be improved and responsibilities to be further clarified.
(3) Determine the scope of the exercise, and determine the exercise type, level, region, participating institutions, number of participants, exercise methods, etc. According to the limitation of exercise demand, funds, resources and time. Exercise demand and exercise range often influence each other.
(4) Arrange the time schedule for the preparation and implementation of the drill, including the time limit for the preparation and review of various drill documents, the time limit for the preparation of materials and equipment, and the implementation date of the drill.
(5) Prepare the exercise budget and clarify the financing channels for the exercise.
3.2 Design drill scheme
The drill plan shall be compiled by the copywriting team, reported to the drill leading group for approval after passing the examination, and reported to the relevant competent units for approval and filing if necessary. The main contents include:
3.2. 1 Determine the drill objectives
The drill target is the main drill task to be completed and its effect, which is generally interpreted as "who completed what task under what conditions and what effect according to what standards". The exercise goal should be simple, concrete, quantifiable and achievable. Generally, a drill has multiple drill targets, and each drill target should be achieved through the corresponding events and drill activities in the drill plan, and there are corresponding evaluation items in the drill evaluation to judge the realization of the target.
3.2.2 Design drill scenarios and implementation steps
The drill scenario should provide the initial conditions for the drill activities, and guide the drill activities to continue through a series of situational events until the drill is completed. The drill scenario includes an overview of the drill scenario and a list of drill scenarios.
(1) Overview of the drill scenario. It is necessary to give a brief description of each drill scene, mainly explaining the event category, occurrence time and place, development speed, intensity and danger, influence scope, distribution of personnel and materials, losses caused, subsequent development forecast, meteorological and other environmental conditions.
(2) List of drill scenarios. It is necessary to make clear the chronological list and spatial distribution of each scene in the exercise. The logical connection between the drill scenes depends on the development law of the event, the control information and the actions that the drill personnel should take after receiving the control information.
3.2.3 Design evaluation criteria and methods
Drill evaluation is a process of observing, experiencing and recording the drill activities, comparing the differences between the actual effects and objectives of the drill, and summarizing the effectiveness and shortcomings of the drill. Exercise evaluation should be based on exercise objectives. Every exercise goal should be designed with reasonable evaluation methods and standards. According to different drill objectives, evaluation can be made by means of options (such as yes/no judgment and multiple choices), subjective evaluation (such as 1- poor, 3- qualified and 5- excellent) and quantitative measurement (such as reaction time, number of people trapped and number of people rescued).
In order to facilitate the drill evaluation operation, an evaluation form is usually designed in advance, including drill objectives, evaluation methods, evaluation standards and related records. Professional evaluation software and other tools can also be used when conditions permit.
3.2.4 Prepare the exercise plan document.
The exercise plan document is a detailed working document to guide the implementation of the exercise. According to the different types and scales of drills, the drill plan can be compiled into one or more documents. When compiled into multiple files, it can include drill manual, drill control guide, drill evaluation guide, drill publicity plan, drill script, etc. , and sent to the relevant personnel. Security measures should also be formulated for drills of secret-related emergency plans or drills that are not suitable for publicity.
(1) Coach Manual. The contents mainly include the general situation of the drill, organization, time, place, participating units, drill purpose, drill scene overview, drill site identification, drill logistics support, drill rules, safety precautions, communication and contact information, etc. , but excluding drilling details. The exercise manual can be distributed to all participants in the exercise.
(2) Motion control guidance. The content mainly includes an overview of the drill scene, a list of drill events, a description of the drill scene, participants and their posts, drill control rules, the organizational structure and responsibilities of the controller, and communication contact information. Drilling Control Guide is mainly used by drilling control personnel.
(3) Practice the evaluation guide. The contents mainly include the drill overview, drill event list, drill objectives, drill scene description, participants and their positions, appraiser's organizational structure and responsibilities, appraiser's position, evaluation form and related tools, communication methods and contact information, etc. The drill evaluation guide is mainly used by drill evaluators.
(4) Rehearse the publicity plan. The contents mainly include propaganda objectives, propaganda methods, communication channels, main tasks and division of labor, technical support, communication contact information, etc.
(5) drill scripts. For major comprehensive demonstration drills, the drill organizer should write a drill script, describing the drill event scene, disposal actions, performers, instructions and dialogues, video background, subtitles, commentary, etc.
3.2.5 Review of exercise plan
For comprehensive and risky emergency drills, the evaluation team should review the drill plan made by the copywriting team to ensure the scientificity and feasibility of the drill plan, so as to ensure the smooth progress of the emergency drills.
3.3 Exercise Mobilization and Training
Exercise mobilization and training should be carried out before the start of the exercise, to ensure that all participants in the exercise master the exercise rules, exercise scenarios and their respective tasks in the exercise.
All participants in the drill should be trained in basic emergency knowledge, basic concepts of the drill and rules of the drill site. Control personnel should be trained in job responsibilities, control and management of the exercise process; Evaluators should be trained in job responsibilities, exercise evaluation methods and tools; Participants should be trained in emergency planning, emergency skills and the use of personal protective equipment.
3.4 Emergency drill support
3.4. 1 personnel support
Participants in the drill generally include the drill leading group, drill commander, general planner, copywriter, controller, evaluator, assistant, participant, simulator, etc. Sometimes there are other people such as observers. During the preparation of the drill, the drill organizer and the participating units should make reasonable arrangements to ensure the time for relevant personnel to participate in the drill; By organizing observation, study and training, the quality and skills of drill personnel are improved.
3.4.2 Financial guarantee
The exercise organizing unit shall prepare the emergency exercise budget according to the emergency exercise plan every year, which shall be included in the annual financial (financial) budget of the unit, and timely allocate funds according to the needs of the exercise. Supervise and inspect the use of funds to ensure that the drill funds are earmarked, economical and efficient.
3.4.3 On-site guarantee
According to the method and content of the drill, after field investigation, choose the appropriate drill site. Desktop drills can generally choose conference rooms or emergency command centers; Actual combat drills should choose places close to the actual situation, and set up headquarters, assembly points, reception stations, supply stations, ambulance stations, parking lots and other facilities as needed. The drill site should have enough space, good traffic, living, health and safety conditions, and try to avoid disturbing public production and life.
3.4.4 Material and equipment support
According to the needs, prepare necessary drill materials, materials and equipment, and make necessary model facilities, mainly including:
(1) Information materials: mainly including paper texts, presentation documents, charts, maps, software, etc. Emergency plan and exercise plan.
(2) Materials and equipment: mainly including all kinds of emergency rescue materials, special equipment, office equipment, audio and video recording equipment, information display equipment, etc.
(3) Communication equipment: mainly including fixed telephones, mobile telephones, walkie-talkies, maritime telephones, fax machines, computers, wireless local area networks, video communication equipment and other supporting equipment. Use existing communication equipment as much as possible.
(4) Exercise scene model: Build necessary simulation scenes and facilities.
3.4.5 Communication Guarantee
In the process of emergency drills, there should be timely and reliable information transmission channels among emergency command institutions, chief planners, controllers, participants and simulators. According to the needs of the drill, a variety of public or private communication systems can be adopted, and special communication and information networks can be set up when necessary to ensure the rapid transmission of drill control information.
3.4.6 Safety guarantee
The exercise organizing unit should attach great importance to the safety and security work in the whole process of exercise organization and implementation. For large-scale or high-risk drills, it is necessary to formulate special emergency plans according to regulations, take preventive measures, and conduct targeted drills for possible emergencies in key parts and links. According to the needs, equip the driller with personal protective equipment and purchase commercial insurance. For emergency drills that may affect public life and easily cause public misunderstanding and panic, an announcement should be made to the public in advance, and the contents, time, place and organizational unit of the drill should be announced, so as to make a good response plan to avoid negative impact.
The drill site should have necessary safety measures, and if necessary, the drill site should be closed or controlled to ensure the safety of the drill. In case of emergency during the drill, the drill commander can terminate the drill in advance after consultation with other leading group members.
4 the implementation of emergency drills
4. 1 drill begins
Generally, a short ceremony will be held before the formal start of the drill, and the drill commander will announce the start of the drill and start the drill activities.
4.2 Exercise execution
4.2. 1 Exercise command and action
(1) The drill commander is responsible for the command and control of the whole process of drill implementation. When the general commander of the drill does not concurrently serve as the general planner, the general commander authorizes the general planner to control the drill process.
(2) The emergency command organization shall, according to the requirements of the drill plan, command all participating teams and personnel, carry out emergency response actions to simulate drill events, and complete various drill activities.
(3) The drill controller should fully grasp the drill plan, skillfully release control information according to the requirements of the overall plan, and coordinate the participants to complete various drill tasks.
(4) Participants shall implement emergency response actions and complete various drills according to the control information and instructions and the procedures specified in the drill plan.
(5) Simulator simulates the actions of units or personnel who did not participate in the drill according to the requirements of the drill plan, and gives information feedback.
4.2.2 Drilling process control
The chief planner is responsible for controlling the exercise process according to the exercise plan.
(1) Process Control of Desktop Exercise
In the discussion of desktop exercise, the exercise activities mainly focus on the questions raised. The chief planner will arrange and introduce one or several questions orally or in writing. Participants discussed the actions to be taken according to the emergency plan and relevant regulations.
In the role-playing or deductive desktop exercise, the chief planner sends out control information according to the exercise plan, and the participants complete emergency response activities through role-playing or simulation operation after receiving the event information.
(2) Process control of actual combat drills
In actual combat drills, it is necessary to control the drill process by transmitting control messages. The master planner sends out control information according to the exercise plan, and the controller sends the control information to the participants and the simulator. After receiving the information, participants and simulators should take corresponding emergency response actions according to the emergency response procedures or emergency action plans when real events occur.
Control information can be transmitted manually, or through walkie-talkie, telephone, mobile phone, fax machine, network and other means. , or through specific sounds, signs, videos, etc. During the drill, the controller should keep abreast of the progress of the drill and report all kinds of problems during the drill to the chief planner.
Drill instructions
During the implementation of the drill, the drill organizer can arrange a special person to explain the drill process. The explanation content generally includes the description of the drill background, process explanation, case introduction, environment rendering, etc. For large-scale comprehensive demonstration drills with drill scripts, they can be explained according to the explanations in the scripts.
Drill record
During the implementation of the drill, it is generally necessary to arrange a special person to record the drill process by means of words, photos, audio and video. Written records can generally be completed by appraisers, mainly including the actual start and end time of the drill, the control of the drill process, the performance of participants in various drill activities, accidents and their disposal. In particular, possible casualties (such as entering a "dangerous" place without safety protection and being unable to complete evacuation within the specified time). ) and property "loss" should be recorded in detail.
Photos and audio-visual records can be arranged for professionals and propagandists to shoot at different locations and angles, so as to reflect the implementation process of the drill as comprehensively as possible.
4.2.5 drill publicity report
The drill publicity team should do a good job in drill publicity and reporting according to the drill publicity plan. Do a good job in information collection, media organization, on-site editing and broadcasting of radio and television programs, and expand the publicity and education effect of the exercise. Confidential emergency drills should be kept confidential.
4.3 the end and termination of the exercise
After the drill, the chief planner signals the end, and the drill commander announces the end of the drill. After the exercise, all personnel should stop the exercise activities, gather for on-site summary and evaluation or organize evacuation as scheduled. The security department is responsible for organizing personnel to clean up and restore the exercise site.
During the implementation of the exercise, under any of the following circumstances, the commander-in-chief of the exercise should terminate the exercise according to the pre-specified procedures and instructions and decided by the exercise leading group: (1) When there is a real emergency and participants need to participate in the emergency response, the exercise should be terminated so that participants can return to their posts quickly and perform their emergency response duties; (2) In case of special or unexpected circumstances, which cannot be properly handled or solved in a short time, the drill can be terminated in advance.
5 Emergency drill evaluation and summary
5. 1 exercise evaluation
On the basis of comprehensive analysis of drill records and related materials, drill evaluation is a process of comparing the performance of participants with the requirements of drill objectives, making an objective evaluation of drill activities and their organizational processes, and writing a drill evaluation report. All emergency drills should be evaluated.
After the drill, you can organize an evaluation meeting, fill in the evaluation form of the drill and interview the participants. You can also ask the participating units to provide self-evaluation summary materials to further collect the organization and implementation of the exercise.
The main contents of the drill evaluation report generally include the implementation of the drill, the rationality and operability of the plan, the command and coordination ability of the emergency commander, the disposal ability of the participants, the applicability of the equipment used in the drill, the realization of the drill objectives, the cost-benefit analysis of the drill, and suggestions for improvement of the plan.
5.2 Summary of the exercise
The drill summary can be divided into field summary and afterwards summary.
(1) field summary. At the end of one or all stages of the drill, the chief drill commander, chief planner and expert evaluation team leader will make targeted comments and summaries at the drill site. The content mainly includes the objectives of the exercise at this stage, the performance of the participating teams and personnel, the problems exposed in the exercise and the methods to solve the problems.
(2) summing up afterwards. After the drill, the copywriting team makes a systematic and comprehensive summary of the drill according to the drill records, drill evaluation reports, emergency plans, on-site summary and other materials, and forms a drill summary report. Participating units can also summarize their own drills.
The contents of the drill summary report include: the purpose, time and place of the drill, the participating units and personnel, the summary of the drill plan, the problems and reasons found, lessons learned, and suggestions for improving related work.
5.3 Application of results
For the problems exposed in the drill, the drill unit should take timely measures to improve them, including revising and perfecting the emergency plan, strengthening the education and training of emergency personnel in a targeted manner, and updating emergency materials and equipment in a planned way. And establish an improvement task list, and supervise and inspect the improvement according to the specified time.
5.4 File filing and archiving
After the drill, the drill organizing unit shall file the drill plan, drill plan, drill evaluation report and drill summary report.
For drills arranged or organized by higher authorities, or drills required to be filed by laws, regulations and rules, the drill organizing unit shall report the corresponding information to the relevant authorities for filing.
5.5 Assessment, rewards and punishments
Exercise organizers should pay attention to the assessment of participating units and personnel. Units and individuals who have made outstanding performance in the drill can be commended and rewarded; Those who do not participate in the drill as required, or affect the normal development of the drill, can be criticized accordingly.
6 supplementary provisions
6. 1 noun explanation
(1) exercise scene. It refers to the pre-assumed event occurrence and development process according to the target requirements of emergency drills and the law of emergency occurrence and evolution. Generally, it is described from the aspects of time, place, state characteristics, spread range, surrounding environment, possible consequences and evolution process with time.
(2) Emergency response function. A collection of certain tasks that need to be completed during emergency response. These tasks are closely related, and together they constitute a functional module of emergency response. Core emergency functions include: alarm and information submission, command and dispatch, alarm and information announcement, emergency communication, public relations, situation monitoring and evaluation, vigilance and public order, crowd evacuation and resettlement, personnel search and rescue, medical rescue, life rescue, engineering rescue, emergency transportation, emergency resource allocation, etc.
(3) Emergency command organization. Emergency command and coordination institutions specified in the emergency plan, such as on-site headquarters, etc.
(4) Participants in the drill. The floorboard of all kinds of personnel participating in the drill activities is mainly divided into the following categories:
Drill leading group: a temporary organization responsible for organizing and leading drill activities, generally including team leader, deputy team leader and members.
Commander-in-Chief of the drill: responsible for the command and control of the drill implementation process, usually held by the leader of the drill leading group or the superior leader; The deputy commander-in-chief assists the general commander in controlling the implementation of the exercise.
General planning: responsible for organizing the preparation and implementation activities of the drill, and controlling the drill process under the authorization of the drill commander; The deputy chief planner is the assistant of the chief planner, assisting the chief planner in his work.
Copywriting: refers to the person who is responsible for copywriting work such as practice plan and scheme design.
Evaluator: refers to an expert or professional who is responsible for observing and recording the progress of the exercise and evaluating the exercise.
Controller: refers to the person who guides and controls the emergency drill process by issuing control information and instructions according to the drill plan and field conditions.
Participants: refers to the personnel who undertake specific drill tasks in emergency drill activities and need to take emergency response actions against simulated event scenarios.
Simulator: refers to the person who plays or replaces some emergency agencies and service departments or simulates the victims of an incident in the drill.
Logistics support personnel: refers to those who provide logistics support such as security alert, materials and equipment, daily necessities, etc. In the exercise.
Observer: refers to other personnel who observe the drill process.
(5) Exercise control information. Refers to the event information transmitted to the driller during the drill, which is generally used to prompt the emergence of event scenes, guide and control the drill process.
(6) sports planning. It refers to the overall planning and arrangement made by the drill organizer for various emergency drills in a certain period according to the actual situation and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and emergency plans, which usually includes the frequency, scale, form, time and place of emergency drills.
(7) Exercise plan. Refers to the basic ideas and preliminary arrangements for the preparatory activities of the upcoming drill, which generally includes the purpose, method, time, place, schedule, budget and safeguard measures of the drill.
(8) Exercise plan. The contents generally include the purpose of the drill, drill scenarios, drill implementation steps, evaluation standards and methods, logistics support, safety precautions, etc.
(9) drill evaluation. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of drill records and related materials, professionals make an objective evaluation of drill activities and their organizational process by comparing the performance of participants with the requirements of drill objectives, and prepare drill evaluation reports.