Plastic has gradually replaced many of the materials and utensils that have been used for decades and centuries with its excellent performance. Has been used for decades, hundreds of years of materials and utensils, become an indispensable assistant in people's lives. Plastic set of metal hardness, lightweight wood, glass transparency, ceramic corrosion resistance, rubber elasticity and toughness in one, so in addition to daily necessities, plastic is more widely used in aerospace, medical equipment, petrochemicals, machinery manufacturing, national defense, construction and other industries.
First, the classification of plastics
There are many types of plastics, so far the world into the production of plastics about three hundred kinds. Plastic classification methods, commonly used in two kinds:
1, according to the nature of the plastic heat is divided into thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics
Thermoplastic molecular structure is a linear structure, when heated, softening or melting, can be molded into a certain shape, and then harden after cooling. In the heat to a certain extent and re-softening, cooling and hardening, this process can be repeated many times. Such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polystyrene and so on. Thermoplastic molding process is relatively simple, can be continuous production, and has a fairly high mechanical strength, so the development is very fast.
The molecular structure of thermosetting plastics is a body structure, when heated, also occurs softening, can be molded into a certain shape, but heated to a certain extent or add a small amount of curing agent, hardening and stereotypes, and then will not be softened by heating and change shape. Thermosetting plastics processed after molding, heat is no longer softened, so can not be recycled, such as phenolic plastics, amino plastics, epoxy resins, etc. belong to this type of plastic. Thermosetting plastic molding process is more complex, so continuous production has some difficulties, but its heat resistance is good, not easy to deform, and the price is relatively inexpensive.
2, according to the different uses of plastics are divided into general-purpose plastics and engineering plastics
General-purpose plastics refers to the production of large, low-priced plastics with a wide range of applications, including polyolefins, PVC, polystyrene, phenolic plastics and aminated plastics of the five major varieties. Many products used in people's daily life are made of these general-purpose plastics.
Engineering plastics can be used as engineering structural materials and replace metal manufacturing machine parts and other plastics. For example, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyformaldehyde, ABS resin, PTFE, polyester, polysulfone, polyimide and so on. Engineering plastics have a low density, high chemical stability, good mechanical properties, superior electrical insulation, easy processing and molding, etc., widely used in automotive, electrical appliances, chemical, mechanical, instrumentation, instrumentation and other industries, but also used in cosmic navigation, rockets, missiles and so on.
Second, the composition of plastic
We usually use plastic is not a pure substance, it is made of many materials formulated. One of the polymer (or synthetic resin) is the main component of plastic, in addition, in order to improve the performance of plastic, but also in the polymer to add a variety of auxiliary materials, such as fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, stabilizers, coloring agents, etc., in order to become a good performance of plastic.
1, synthetic resins
Synthetic resins are the most important component of plastics, and their content in plastics is generally 40% to 100%. Due to the large content, and the nature of the resin often determines the nature of the plastic, so people often see the resin as a synonym for plastic. For example, polyvinyl chloride resin and polyvinyl chloride plastics, phenolic resins and phenolic plastics mixed together. In fact, resin and plastic are two different concepts. Resin is a raw unprocessed polymer, it is not only used in the manufacture of plastics, but also coatings, adhesives and synthetic fibers raw materials. In addition to a very small part of the plastic containing 100% resin, the vast majority of plastics, in addition to the main components of the resin, but also need to add other substances.
2, filler
Fillers, also known as fillers, which can improve the strength and heat resistance of plastics, and reduce costs. For example, phenolic resin can greatly reduce the cost of adding wood flour, so that phenolic plastics become one of the cheapest plastics, but also significantly improve mechanical strength. Fillers can be divided into two categories of organic fillers and inorganic fillers, the former such as wood flour, rags, paper and various fabric fibers, etc., the latter, such as glass fibers, diatomaceous earth, asbestos, carbon black and so on.
3, plasticizers
Plasticizers can increase the plasticity and flexibility of plastics, reduce the brittleness, so that the plastic is easy to process molding. Plasticizers are generally miscible with resin, non-toxic, odorless, light, ...... >>
Question 2: How many types of plastics ABS: Commonly known as engineering plastics, can be used for connectors, seat backs, seat panels, it is the plastic that can be plated (water-plated) main raw materials.
PP: commonly known as polypropylene, used for five-star feet, armrests, footrests, as well as strength requirements are not high connectors. Disadvantages: poor abrasion resistance, low surface hardness.
PVC: commonly known as polyvinyl chloride, mainly used for sealing pieces, insert conditions. It is adapted to extrusion molding, while the PVC material is a non-combustible material in the plastic parts, processing and molding temperature stability is poor, especially the stability of the color is not good.
PU: commonly known as polyurethane. Mainly used for handrail (foam) accessories.
POM: commonly known as steel. Mainly used for wear parts such as feet, casters, door hinges, hinges and so on. Performance wear-resistant, pressure-resistant, but poor dimensional stability.
PA: commonly known as nylon. Mainly used as foot mats, five-star claws, casters and other wear-resistant, high life requirements. Characteristics: wear-resistant, pressure-resistant, high-strength indoor long service life, individual models such as PA66 high temperature up to 2200, the disadvantage is that the sun in the sun is easy to change the performance, easy to break, poor weather resistance.
PMMA: Plexiglass (commonly known as Acrylic). There are five transparent materials in plastic, and PMMA is one of the highest transparency, workpiece cutting acetic acid flavor, processing deformation is easy, soaked in boiling water can be shaped into a bend. Disadvantages: the surface is easy to scratch, low hardness, easy to crack when bending, the price is more than 20% higher than ABS.
PC: commonly known as polycarbonate. This variety is also a transparent material, high surface hardness, scratch resistance, impact resistance, high strength, good weather resistance (that is, not afraid of sunlight). Furniture in the screen partition sunshine board is this material hollow extrusion molding. Characteristics: high price and cost, about 40% higher than PMMA.
Question 3: What are the types of plastics The basic concept of plastics and the performance characteristics of commonly used engineering plastics
First, the definition of plastic
Plastic is a synthetic or natural polymer compounds as the main component, at a certain temperature and pressure conditions, can be molded into a certain shape, when the external forces are lifted, the shape of the material can still be maintained at room temperature.
Second, the composition and classification of plastics
The main component of plastic is resin, accounting for about 40% to 100% of the total plastic.
1, thermoplastic: resin for the structure of linear or branched macromolecular chain.
Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacetal (POM), polyamide (commonly known as nylon) (PA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene*** polymer (ABS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (commonly known as Plexiglas) (PMMA), acrylonitrile-styrene*** polymer (A/S), polyester (PETP polybutylene terephthalate, PBTP polyethylene terephthalate)
2, thermosetting plastics
Phenolic resins (PF), epoxy resins (EP), amino resins, alkyd resins, allyl resins, urea-formaldehyde resins (UF), melamine resins, unsaturated polyester (UP), silicone resin, polyurethane (PUR)
3, general-purpose plastics
Polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, phenolic resins, amino resins
4, engineering plastics
Broadly speaking: any plastic that can be used as an engineering material, i.e., structural material.
Narrow: with some metal properties, can withstand a certain degree of external forces, and have good mechanical properties, electrical properties and dimensional stability, in high and low temperatures can still maintain its excellent performance of plastics.
General engineering plastics: polyamide, polycarbonate, polyformaldehyde, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene*** polymer, polyphenylene ether (PPO), polybutylene terephthalate (PBTP) and its modified products.
Special engineering plastics (high-performance engineering plastics): high temperature resistance, structural materials. Polysulfone (PSU), polyimide (PI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethersulfone (PES), polyarylate (PAR), polyamide imide (PAI), polyphenylene ester, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyether ketones, ion-exchange resins, heat-resistant epoxy resins
5, functional plastics (special plastics)
Radiation-resistant, super-conducting, magnetically conductive and Light-sensitive plastics and other special features. Fluorine plastics, silicone plastics
6, crystalline plastics
molecules arranged in a regular manner and maintain its shape of plastic. PE, PP, PA
7, non-crystalline plastics
long-chain molecules around a group (for thermoplastics) or into a network (for thermosetting plastics), and to maintain the shape of the plastic. ps, pc, abs
Three, plastic properties
The plastic is a plastic that is not a plastic. p> Third, the performance of plastics
Fourth, the use of plastics
1, industry
2, agriculture
3, transportation
4, cutting-edge defense industry
5, medical and health
6, daily life
Fifth, the development of the plastics industry
Sixth, the commonly used at home and abroad. Engineering plastics trade names and performance characteristics
(a) ABS plastic
The main body of ABS plastic is acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene **** blend or ternary **** polymer, is a tough and rigid thermoplastic. Styrene makes ABS have good mold plasticity, gloss and rigidity; acrylonitrile makes ABS have good heat resistance, chemical resistance and surface hardness; butadiene makes ABS have good impact strength and low temperature resilience. The three components have different ratios, and their properties change accordingly.
1, performance characteristics
ABS has good impact strength and surface hardness in a certain temperature range, good dimensional stability, a certain degree of chemical resistance and good electrical insulation. It is opaque, generally light ivory color, can be made by coloring with a high degree of luster of any other color products, electroplating level of the appearance of electroplating, vacuum coating and other decorative. General-purpose grade ABS is impervious to water, slow burning, softening when burning, the flame is yellow, black smoke, and finally burnt, with a special smell, but no molten drops, can be used for injection, extrusion and vacuum molding methods for processing.
2, level and use
ABS can be divided into general-purpose grade (including a variety of impact grade), flame-retardant grade, heat-resistant grade, plating grade, transparent grade, structural foam grade and modified ABS, etc. According to different uses. General-purpose grade for the manufacture of gears, bearings, handles, machine housings and components, various meters, computers, recorders, televisions, telephones and other shells and toys, etc.; flame-retardant grade for the manufacture of electronic components, such as computer terminals, machine housings and a variety of household appliances; structural foam grade for the manufacture of electronic devices such as the cover; heat-resistant ...... >>
Question 4: Plastic materials are those types of According to the name of the different characteristics of the use of plastics, plastics are usually divided into general-purpose plastics, engineering plastics and special plastics three types.
① general-purpose plastics
Generally refers to the production of large, wide range of uses, good molding, cheap plastic. General-purpose plastics have five varieties, namely, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PTFE), polystyrene (PS) and ABS. they are thermoplastics.
② engineering plastics
Generally refers to the ability to withstand a certain degree of external force, has good mechanical properties and high and low temperature resistance, good dimensional stability, can be used as an engineering structure of plastics, such as polyamide, polysulfone and so on.
The engineering plastics are divided into two categories: general engineering plastics and special engineering plastics.
General engineering plastics include: polyamide, polyformaldehyde, polycarbonate, modified polyphenylene ether, thermoplastic polyester, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, methylpentene polymer, vinyl alcohol*** polymer and so on.
Special engineering plastics and crosslinked non-crosslinked type of points. Crosslinked: polyamino double maleamide, polytriazine, crosslinked polyimide, heat-resistant epoxy tree fingers. Non-crosslinked: polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), etc.
③ Specialty plastics
Generally refers to special features, can be used in aviation, aerospace, and other special applications of plastics. Such as fluorine plastic and silicone with outstanding high temperature resistance, self-lubricating and other special features, reinforced plastic and foam with high strength, high cushioning and other special properties, these plastics belong to the category of special plastics.
a. Strong plastic:
Enhanced plastic materials in shape can be divided into granular (such as calcium-plastic reinforced plastics), fibrous (such as glass fiber or glass cloth reinforced plastics), sheet (such as mica reinforced plastics) three. According to the material can be divided into cloth-based reinforced plastics (such as rag reinforced or asbestos reinforced plastics), inorganic mineral-filled plastics (such as quartz or mica-filled plastics), fiber reinforced plastics (such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics) three.
b. Foam:
Foam can be divided into rigid, semi-rigid and flexible foam three. Rigid foam has no flexibility, compression hardness is very large, only to reach a certain stress value to produce deformation, stress relief can not be restored to its original state; soft foam flexibility, compression hardness is very small, it is easy to deformation, stress relief can be restored to its original state, the residual deformation of a small; semi-rigid foam flexibility and other properties of the rigid foam and other soft between the foam.
Question 5: What are the general varieties of plastic ah? Plastic is a synthetic or natural polymer compounds as the main component, at a certain temperature and pressure conditions, can be molded into a certain shape, when the external forces are lifted, at room temperature can still maintain its shape of the plastic.
There are many types of plastics, and so far there are hundreds of plastics in the world.
According to the different characteristics of the use of plastic, plastic is usually divided into general-purpose plastics, engineering plastics. General-purpose plastics, generally refers to the production of large, wide range of uses, good molding, cheap plastic. Engineering plastics, generally refers to the ability to withstand certain external forces, has good mechanical properties and high and low temperature resistance, good dimensional stability, can be used as an engineering structure of plastics, such as polyamide, polysulfone and so on.
Commonly used types of plastics are:
① Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
It is the largest amount of a plastic in the building. Rigid polyvinyl chloride density of 1.38 ~ 1.43g/cm3, high mechanical strength, good chemical stability, the use of temperature range is generally between -15 ~ +55 ℃, suitable for the manufacture of plastic windows and doors, downpipes, trunking and so on.
② polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene plastic in the building is mainly used for water supply and drainage pipes, sanitary ware.
③ polypropylene (PP)
The density of polypropylene in all plastics is the smallest, about 0.90 or so. Polypropylene is commonly used to produce pipes, sanitary ware and other building products.
④ Polystyrene (PS)
Polystyrene is a colorless and transparent glass-like plastic. Polystyrene in the building is mainly used to produce foam insulation materials, translucent materials and other products.
⑤ ABS plastic
ABS plastic is a modified polystyrene plastic, based on acrylene eye (A), butadiene (B) and styrene (S) for the composition of the three components.ABS plastic can be made of embossed plastic decorative panels and other patterns.
The plastic we usually use is not a pure substance, it is formulated from many materials. One of the polymer (or synthetic resin) is the main component of the plastic, in addition, in order to improve the performance of the plastic, but also in the polymer to add a variety of auxiliary materials, such as fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, stabilizers, coloring agents, etc., in order to become a good performance of the plastic.
According to the different molding methods of various plastics, they can be divided into various types such as membrane pressing, lamination, injection, extrusion, blow molding, casting plastics and reaction injection plastics.
Membrane pressure plastics are mostly physical properties of the processing performance and general solid plastics similar to the plastic; laminated plastics refers to the resin-impregnated fiber fabrics, through the stacking, hot pressing and combined into a whole material; injection, extrusion and blow molding are mostly physical properties and processing performance and general thermoplastic plastics similar to the plastic; casting of plastics refers to the case of non-pressurized or slightly pressurized, poured into a mold can be hardened into a certain shape products of liquid resin mixture, and then the mold can be used to form the product, and then the mold can be used to form the product. Casting plastic is a liquid resin mixture that can be poured into the mold under no pressure or a little pressure to harden into a certain shape of products, such as MC nylon, etc.; reaction injection plastic is a liquid raw material, injected under pressure into the membrane cavity, so that it reacts to the curing of a certain shape of products, such as polyurethane and other plastics.
Question 6: What are the types of general-purpose plastics? HDPE
PP
POM
ABS
PA66
PA6
LDPE
PC
PA12
LCP
PBT
PC/ABS
PMMA < /p>
Various raw materials can be modified and color adjusted as needed to achieve the desired state of the product. You can find it in Alibaba website. Shanghai Wanwin Plasticizer is willing to cooperate with you hand in hand, *** create a better future.
Question 7: How many kinds of plastic a **** Plastic is also called polymer synthetic materials, types of models are probably hundreds of kinds. From the molding point of view can be divided into two categories: 1 thermoplastic plastic 2 thermosetting plastics, the former can be used repeatedly, the latter can not be reused According to the different characteristics of the name of the plastic, plastic is usually divided into general-purpose plastics, engineering plastics and special plastics three types. General-purpose plastics generally refer to plastics with large production volume, wide range of uses, good molding properties and low prices. General-purpose plastics have five varieties, namely, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and ABS, which are thermoplastics. ② engineering plastics generally refers to the ability to withstand certain external forces, with good mechanical properties and high and low temperature resistance, good dimensional stability, can be used as an engineering structure of plastics, such as polyamide, polysulfone and so on. In the engineering plastics and will be divided into two categories of general engineering plastics and special engineering plastics. General engineering plastics include: polyamide, polyformaldehyde, polycarbonate, modified polyphenylene ether, thermoplastic polyester, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, methylpentene polymer, vinyl alcohol **** polymer. Specialty engineering plastics and crosslinked non-crosslinked points. Crosslinking type are: polyamidobismaleamide, polytriazine, crosslinked polyimide, heat-resistant epoxy tree fingers. Non-crosslinked: polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), etc. (3) Specialty plastics generally refers to special features, can be used in aviation, aerospace and other special applications of plastics. Such as fluorine plastic and silicone with outstanding high temperature resistance, self-lubricating and other special features, reinforced plastic and foam with high strength, high cushioning and other special properties, these plastics belong to the category of special plastics. The molding process of plastics refers to the process of making final plastic products from polymers manufactured by synthetic resin manufacturing plants. Processing methods (often referred to as primary processing of plastics) include compression molding (molding), extrusion molding (extrusion molding), injection molding (injection molding), blow molding (blow molding), calendering, and others. Compression Molding Compression molding, also known as molding or press molding, is mainly used for the molding of thermosetting plastics such as phenolic resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, and unsaturated polyester resins. Extrusion Extrusion, also known as extrusion molding, is the use of extrusion machine (extruder) will be heated resin continuously through the mold, extrusion of the desired shape of the product method. Extrusion is sometimes used for molding thermosetting plastics and can be used for molding foam. The advantage of extrusion is that it can extrude various shapes of products, high production efficiency, automation, continuous production; the disadvantage is that thermosetting plastics can not be widely processed by this method, the product size is prone to deviation. Injection molding injection molding, also known as injection molding. Injection molding is the use of injection molding machine (or injection machine) will be thermoplastic melt under high pressure into the mold by cooling, curing to obtain the product method. Injection molding can also be used for thermosetting plastics and foam molding. The advantages of injection molding are fast production speed, high efficiency, operation can be automated, can mold complex shaped parts, especially suitable for mass production. The disadvantages are the high cost of equipment and molds, and the difficulty of cleaning the injection molding machine. Blow molding Blow molding is also known as hollow blow molding or hollow molding. Blow molding is the pressure of compressed air to close the mold in the hot resin parison blown for a hollow product of a method, blow molding, including blow molding film and blow molding hollow products two methods. Blow molding method can produce film products, various bottles, barrels, pots and containers and children's toys. Calendering Calendering is a molding method in which resin and various additives are expected to be processed (kneaded, filtered, etc.) into a film or sheet through the gap of two or more calendering rollers of the calender that turn in the opposite direction, and then peeled off from the rollers of the calender, and then cooled and shaped. Calendering is a molding method mainly used for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, which can be used to make films, sheets, plates, artificial leather, floor tiles and other products. I will not introduce the ordinary uses of plastics, look around you know ...... Special uses of plastics: plastic blood Aviation plastics