Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by enteroviruses, mostly occurring in children under 5 years of age, and can cause herpes on the hands, feet, and mouth, and in a few children it can lead to complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema, and aseptic meningoencephalitis. Individuals with severe cases of children with rapid progression of the disease, resulting in death.
There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that cause HFMD, with Coxsackie virus group A types 16, 4, 5, 9, and 10, group B types 2 and 5, and enterovirus 71 being the more common pathogens of HFMD, with Coxsackie virus type A16 (Cox A16) and enterovirus 71 (EV 71) being the most common.
[edit]II Channels of transmission
1. Contact with the patient's skin.
2. Through hands, towels, handkerchiefs, and other items contaminated with the virus.
3. Spread by secretions (droplets) from the patient's throat.
4. drinking contaminated water.
[edit]III Prevention
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is generally susceptible to infants and young children. Most cases have mild symptoms, mainly characterized by fever and a rash or herpes on the hands, feet, mouth and other parts of the body, and most patients can recover spontaneously. CDC experts recommend that we develop good hygiene habits, wash hands before and after meals, don't drink raw water, don't eat cold food, sunbathe clothes and blankets diligently, and ventilate more. Child care institutions and parents found suspected children, should be timely to medical institutions, and timely report to the health and education departments, timely control measures. Mildly ill children do not need to be hospitalized and can be treated and rested at home to avoid cross-infection. As long as these aspects of good, controlled.
[edit]IV Clinical features
Acute onset, fever; oral mucosa appear scattered herpes, the size of a grain of rice, pain is obvious; palms of the hands or palms of the feet appear the size of a grain of rice herpes, buttocks or knees can occasionally be involved by clinical features. There is an inflammatory red halo around the herpes, and the fluid in the blisters is small. Some children may have a cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Doctors are usually able to distinguish HFMD from other causes of mouth ulcers based on the age of the patient, the symptoms reported by the patient or parents, and an examination of the rash and ulcers. Pharyngeal swabs or stool specimens can be sent to a laboratory for viral testing, but viral testing takes 2-4 weeks to produce results, so doctors usually do not offer this test. Basis:Epidemiologic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and pathologic tests are required to confirm the diagnosis.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by several types of enteroviruses that mainly affects babies under 5 years of age. HFMD is often characterized by the following symptoms: small grayish-white herpes or red papules the size of a grain of rice or a green bean surrounded by redness on the cheeks, tongue, soft palate, hard palate, inner lips, palms, elbows, knees, buttocks, and anterior pubic areas of the child's mouth.
Rash "four unlike": not like mosquito bites, not like a drug rash, not like herpes on the lips and gums, not like chicken pox.
The herpes in the mouth breaks down after the ulcers, often drooling, can not eat.
Clinically, it is not itchy, not painful, not scabbed, not scarred.
The child urinates yellow.
Children with severe rashes may have fever, runny nose and cough.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease usually recovers within a week, but is highly contagious if the herpes breaks out previously. Hand, foot and mouth disease has a high epidemic intensity, very infectious, complex transmission characteristics. The virus can be transmitted to healthy children through saliva droplets or food crawling with viral flies, through the nose and mouth, and can also be transmitted by direct contact.
[edit]V Identification
Based on the above clinical features, in large-scale epidemics, the diagnosis is not difficult. However, when it occurs in a scattered manner, it must be differentiated from foot-and-mouth disease, herpes buccinosis, rubella, etc.
(1) Foot-and-mouth disease is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus, and there are currently seven serotypes and 65 subtypes. Mainly violates pigs, cattle, horses and other domestic animals. Although people can cause disease, but not sensitive. Generally occurs in livestock areas, adult herders are common, all seasons. Oral mucous membrane rash easily fused into larger ulcers, the back of the hands and fingers and toes between the rash, itchy and painful.
(2) herpetic stomatitis can occur in all seasons, mainly scattered. There is usually no rash, and occasionally herpes may appear in the lower abdomen.
(3) Herpetic buccitis, which can be caused by Cox group A viruses, with lesions in the posterior portion of the oral cavity; e.g., tonsils, soft palate, and uvula, and rarely involving the buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva. Atypical, disseminated HFMD is difficult to differentiate from a rash of febrile illnesses, and pathogenetic and serologic testing must be done.
Doctors are usually able to differentiate HFMD from other causes of oral ulcers based on the age of the patient, the symptoms reported by the patient or parents, and examination of the rash and ulcers. Pharyngeal swabs or stool specimens can be sent to a laboratory for viral testing, but viral testing takes 2-4 weeks to produce results, so physicians usually do not offer to perform this test. Basis:Epidemiologic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and pathogenetic tests are required to confirm the diagnosis.
[Edit]VI Nursing countermeasures
1, disinfection and isolation
Once found infected with hand, foot and mouth disease, the baby should seek medical attention in a timely manner, to avoid contact with the outside world, generally need to be isolated for 2 weeks.
Baby used items to be thoroughly disinfected: available chlorine-containing disinfectant soak, should not be soaked items can be placed in the sun.
The baby's room should be ventilated regularly by opening windows to keep the air fresh, circulating and at a suitable temperature. If you have the conditions, you can use lactic acid fumigation to disinfect the air every day. Reduce the number of people going in and out of the baby's room and prohibit smoking to prevent the air from becoming dirty and avoid secondary infections.
2, diet and nutrition
If you get sick in the summer, your baby is prone to dehydration and electrolyte disorders, and needs proper hydration and nutrition.
The baby should rest in bed for 1 week and drink more warm water.
Because of fever and oral herpes, children have a poor appetite and are reluctant to eat. It is advisable to give the baby to eat light, warm, tasty, easy to digest, soft fluid or semi-fluid, prohibit cold, spicy, salty and other stimulating food.
3, oral care
Baby will be due to oral pain and refusal to eat, salivation, crying and sleeplessness, etc., to keep the baby's mouth clean, before and after meals with saline gargling, for babies who will not gargle, you can dip a cotton swab in saline to gently clean the mouth.
Can be vitamin B 2 powder coated directly on the oral erosion parts, or coated with cod liver oil, can also be oral vitamin B 2, vitamin C, supplemented with ultrasound nebulizer inhalation, in order to alleviate the pain, promote the early healing of the erosion, and to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
4, rash care
Baby clothes, bedding should be clean, clothing should be comfortable, soft, and often change.
Cut the baby's nails short, wrap the baby's hands if necessary to prevent scratching the rash.
Babies with rashes on the buttocks should be cleaned up at all times to keep the buttocks clean and dry.
Hand and foot rashes can be coated with glycerine lotion at the beginning of the rash, when there is a herpes formation or herpes breakout can be coated with 0.5% iodophor.
Take care to keep the skin clean to prevent infection.
Pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease is usually low or moderate fever, no special treatment is needed, you can let the baby drink more water.
Babies with temperatures between 37.5℃ and 38.5℃ are given physical cooling such as heat dissipation, drinking plenty of warm water and taking warm baths.
[edit]VII International Epidemics
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a global epidemic, with epidemics reported in most parts of the world.The disease was first reported in New Zealand in 1957.The Coxsackie virus was isolated in 1958, and the naming of HFMD was proposed in 1959. The early pathogens identified in HFMD were mainly Cox A16, and EV71 was first recognized in the United States in 1969. Since then EV71 infections have alternated with Cox A16 infections as the main pathogen of HFMD.
In the mid-1970s, Bulgaria and Hungary had successive outbreaks of EV71 epidemics with the central nervous system as the main clinical feature, and 750 cases were reported in Bulgaria in 1975, of which 149 resulted in paralysis and 44 died.In 1994, there was an outbreak of HFMD in the United Kingdom caused by Cox A16, and the patients were mostly infants and children aged 1-4 years old, and most of the Most of the patients were infants and children aged 1-4 years, and most of them had mild symptoms. Epidemiologic data from the United Kingdom since 1963 show that the interval between HFMD epidemics is 2-3 years. in the late 1990s, EV71 began to be endemic in East Asia. an epidemic of HFMD caused mainly by EV71 occurred in Malaysia in 1997, with 2628 cases from April-August*** and 29 patient deaths from April-June. Japan is a country with a high incidence of HFMD, and has had several large-scale epidemics in its history. the 1969-1970 epidemics were dominated by CoxA16 infections, and the 2 epidemics in 1973 and 1978 were caused by EV71. HFMD became active again in Japan in 1997-2000, with isolation of EV71 and CoxA16 viruses. in the late 1990s, the EV71 began to wreak havoc in East Asia.In 1997, an epidemic of HFMD caused mainly by EV71 occurred in Malaysia, with 2628 cases of illness from April to August***, and 29 patients died from April to June alone, with the average age of the deceased being 1.5 years old.In 1998, an outbreak of HFMD and herpetic pharyngitis caused by EV71 occurred in Taiwan Province of China, and in the two waves of epidemics from June to October, **** monitored 12 patients with EV71. In the two waves of epidemic in June and October, **** monitored 129106 cases, 405 cases of severe patients, 78 deaths, most of the deaths were children under the age of 5. Complications included encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, pulmonary edema or pulmonary hemorrhage, acute flaccid paralysis, and myocarditis.
[edit]VIII. China's hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic
China since 1981 in Shanghai found the disease, and later Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Fujian, Jilin, Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong and other dozen provinces (cities) have reported. 1983 in Tianjin, CoxA16 caused by an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease epidemic, May to October, more than 7,000 cases; after two years of dissemination of the epidemic in 1986, and then In 1995, the Wuhan Institute of Virus Research isolated EV71 virus from HFMD patients, and in 1998, the Shenzhen Municipal Health Epidemiological Station isolated 2 strains of EV71 virus from patients.In 2000, there was an outbreak of HFMD in Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province, from May to August, and the Municipal People's Hospital received 1,698 cases of children, of which 1,025 were male and 673 were female, with an age of 5 months and 14 years. Minimum 5 months, maximum 14 years old; 3 cases combined with fulminant myocarditis died.
In 2006, the country ****reported 13,637 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease (male 8,460 cases, accounting for 62.04%; female 5,177 cases, accounting for 37.96%), and 6 cases of death (male 4 cases, female 2 cases). Except for the Tibet Autonomous Region, cases were reported in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. The top ten provinces in the number of reported cases were Shandong (3030 cases), Shanghai (2883 cases), Beijing (2210 cases), Hebei (1133 cases), Zhejiang (793 cases), Guangdong (670 cases), Heilongjiang (576 cases), Sichuan (335 cases), Jiangsu (287 cases), and Fujian (240 cases).
On May 21, 2007, 5,459 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were reported nationwide in 2007***, with 2 deaths. Compared with the same period last year (2,488 cases), the number of reported cases rose 119.41%.
In May 2008, the national **** reported more than 17.6 million cases of hand, foot and mouth disease, 40 deaths.
From the information of the epidemic reported in recent years, the peak time of the annual incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease is located around July. Due to the early rise in temperatures across the country in 2007, experts predicted that it may lead to the peak of HFMD earlier, and the number of reported cases of HFMD across the country will further increase in 2007.
Entering 2008, HFMD showed a trend of spreading, with spring outbreaks in Anhui, Guangdong, Tianjin, Ningxia and many other places, which have now been effectively controlled.
Epidemic Report
(a) Since May 2, 2008, HFMD has been included in the management of Category C infectious diseases. Medical institutions of all levels and types should report cases of HFMD that meet the above case definition in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Statutory Infectious Diseases and the Code of Practice for the Management of Infectious Disease Information Reporting.
(2) Reporting Content and Methods
When a person with HFMD is found, he/she should report the disease in the column of "Other Statutory Management and Priority Monitoring of Infectious Diseases" in the "Statutory Infectious Diseases Report Card of the People's Republic of China". Medical institutions that have implemented direct network reporting should make direct network reports within 24 hours. Medical institutions that do not implement direct network reporting should send out the infectious disease report card within 24 hours. Reported cases are categorized into "clinically diagnosed cases" and "laboratory diagnosed cases". For laboratory diagnosis cases, the specific type of enterovirus should be indicated in the "Remarks" column of the report card, and for severe cases, "severe" should also be indicated in the "Remarks".
(3) local or collective unit epidemic or outbreak, in accordance with the "Emergency Regulations for Public **** health emergencies", "National Emergency Plan for Public **** health emergencies", "public **** health emergencies and infectious disease outbreaks and monitoring information reporting management approach" and other relevant provisions, in a timely manner, the information report of public **** health emergencies.
(D) Reporting information analysis and feedback
Disease prevention and control agencies at all levels should review outbreak reporting information at each level. Disease prevention and control agencies at the county and district levels should browse and analyze the surveillance data on a daily basis, and should promptly verify and report to the health administrative departments at the same level and to the higher-level disease prevention and control agencies if they find an abnormal elevation or a clustered distribution of cases or the occurrence of fatal cases. Disease prevention and control agencies at all levels should provide timely feedback to lower-level disease control agencies and medical institutions to analyze information on the epidemic.
[edit]ix. The difference between foot-and-mouth disease and foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease and foot-and-mouth disease are two very different infectious diseases, the main differences are as follows:
(a) the name of the disease and the classification of the disease is different
Foot-and-mouth disease (AphthaeEpizootic), the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), listed as ICD-10B08.802.
Foot-and-mouth disease and foot-and-mouth disease are two very different infectious diseases. p>
Hand, foot and mouth disease (Handfootmouthdisease), in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), classified as ICD-9074.3 and ICD-10B08.401.
(B) pathogens are different
Foot-and-mouth disease of foot-and-mouth disease is the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease viruses, which is a pathogen of human and animal **** disease.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by several types of enterovirus infection, the common pathogen in the epidemic around the Coxsackie virus group A type 16 (i.e. CoxAl6) and so on.
(C) the source of infection is different
Foot-and-mouth disease virus only causes even-toed hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs, deer, camels and other occurrences, to become the source of human foot-and-mouth disease. Only if a veterinary disease occurs first, can it make people sick.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease, whose sources of infection are patients and people with hidden infections, is a human disease.
(D) the transmission pathway is different
Foot-and-mouth disease is through contact with the mouth of sick animals, hoof crown of the ulcers rotten scar, through the skin mucous membrane infections; occasionally also consumed the virus contamination and not heated (pasteurization) of the milk infection. Therefore, human foot-and-mouth disease is extremely sporadic occurrence.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is contracted orally through contact with a patient, through contamination of everyday household items, eating utensils, and toys, and can also be transmitted through the respiratory tract. As a result, epidemics of varying sizes can occur.
(E) the incidence of different populations
People suffering from foot-and-mouth disease is determined by contact with sick animals, the age of the incidence of a wide range of people;
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is mainly young children and children's infectious diseases, the vast majority of children under the age of 3 years old.
(F) different symptoms and signs
Foot-and-mouth disease, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, although the site of the disease are in the oral cavity, between the fingers, toes, there are similarities, but the symptoms and signs are different. Foot-and-mouth disease after the onset of the disease is mainly manifested as fever and other systemic symptoms of poisoning and local herpes damage to the two main features.
Hand, foot and mouth disease mostly without fever or low fever, only respiratory tract infection and oral mucosal herpes and fingers, feet, buttocks, knees papules.
(7) diagnosis based on different
Foot-and-mouth disease needs to be preceded by the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease in local livestock or epidemic, and there is a chance of contact with the sick animals, or drinking contaminated and unheated milk and other infectious relationships.
Hand, foot and mouth disease, the child is obviously infectious, epidemic transmission, and clinical manifestations are different. Foot-and-mouth disease, hand-foot-and-mouth disease can be diagnosed on a clinical basis, if necessary, isolate the virus to make a pathogenetic diagnosis.
[edit]X. Epidemic links and epidemiological characteristics
Infectious sources of human is the infectious source of the disease, patients, latent infections and asymptomatic carriers are the main infectious sources of the disease epidemic. During the epidemic, patients are the main source of infection. In the acute phase, patients have fecal detoxification for 3-5 weeks and pharyngeal detoxification for 1-2 weeks. Healthy carriers and mildly disseminated cases are the main source of infection during inter-epidemic and epidemic periods.
Transmission is mainly through close contact between people. The virus in the patient's throat secretions and saliva can be transmitted through airborne droplets. It is also spread through daily contact with hands, towels, handkerchiefs, dental cups, toys, eating utensils, breastfeeding utensils, bedding and underwear contaminated with saliva, herpes fluid, and feces, and it can also be spread through the mouth.
Infection is most likely to occur in the same room as the patient. Contact with water contaminated with the virus can also be transmitted orally, and often cause epidemics. Cross-contamination in outpatient clinics and poor sterilization of oral instruments can also cause transmission.
The susceptible population is generally susceptible to CoxAl6 and EV71 enteroviruses, and can acquire immunity after being infected. Patients with HFMD are mainly preschool children, especially in the ≤3 years old age group with the highest incidence, and the number of incidence within the age of 4 years accounted for 85%-95%.
Epidemic mode of the disease is often outbreaks of epidemic after the scattered occurrence of the disease, the epidemic period, kindergartens and nurseries are prone to collective infection. Families also have such morbidity clustering phenomenon. Hospital outpatient cross-infection and oral instruments sterilization is not strict, can also cause the spread. This disease is highly contagious, complex transmission channels, epidemic intensity, rapid transmission, in a short period of time can cause a pandemic.
[edit]XI. Complications of hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease manifests itself in the skin and mouth, but the virus can violate the heart, brain, kidneys and other vital organs. The clinical monitoring of patients should be strengthened during the epidemic of this disease, such as the occurrence of high fever, unexplained increase in white blood cells without detection of other foci of infection, we should be alert to the occurrence of fulminant myocarditis. In recent years, it has been found that EV71 has more chances to develop aseptic meningitis than CoxAl6-induced HFMD, and its symptoms are presented as fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, irritability, and restless sleep, etc.; non-specific red papules, or even punctate hemorrhagic dots, may be found on the body occasionally. Combined with the central nervous system symptoms of people, to the children under 2 years of age is common.
[edit]XII. Hand, foot and mouth disease treatment
Western medical treatment
If there are no comorbidities, most children with hand, foot and mouth disease can be cured in a week. The principle of treatment is mainly symptomatic, under the guidance of the doctor to take vitamin B, C and antiviral drugs. In addition, hand-foot-mouth disease can be combined with myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis and other diseases, should be timely review.
Chinese medicine treatment
★6 grams each of honeysuckle, Panax quinquefolium and forsythia, and 3 grams of Rhizoma Coptidis, decocted water and gargle.
★If the pain is severe, or there is redness and swelling of the gums, use 10 grams of Panax quinquefolium, 6 grams of Scutellaria baicalensis, 6 grams of Bupleurum, 3 grams of Bupleurum, 2 grams of Bamboo leaf and Mint, and gargle in decoction water.
★Redness and swelling of the hands and feet is obvious, can be used to scutellaria baicalensis, Huanglian, danpi 10 grams each, 6 grams of safflower, decoction of water soak.
★If you feel itchy, you can use 10 grams each of Radix et Rhizoma Shengdi, Radix et Rhizoma Dandelionis, Radix et Rhizoma Platyphylla, Radix et Rhizoma Alba, 20 grams each of Radix et Rhizoma Lonicerae, 6 grams each of Radix et Rhizoma Safflorae, decoct the water to wash the affected area, three times a day for one week.
Dietary remedies
★ Lotus leaf porridge: 2 fresh lotus leaves, 50 grams of rice, the lotus leaves chopped, porridge for the baby to eat.
★20 bamboo leaves, 10 wicks, 15 grams of lentils, 6 grams of talc, add a little sugar, decoct water for the baby to drink.
[edit]Thirteen principles of treatment and prevention
1, the principle of treatment in the treatment of this disease, if there are no complications, the prognosis is generally good, mostly within a week to heal. The principle of treatment is mainly symptomatic. Can take antiviral drugs and clear heat and detoxification herbs and vitamins B, C and so on. Patients with comorbidities can be injected with pro-globulin. During the period of illness, the care of children should be strengthened, and oral hygiene should be done well. Before and after eating, saline or warm water can be used to rinse the mouth, and fluids and semi-fluids and other non-irritating foods are appropriate. Hand-foot-mouth disease can be combined with myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis, chiropractic paralysis, etc., so it should be strengthened observation, should not be taken lightly. 2, the principle of prevention of this disease so far there is no specific preventive methods. Strengthen the monitoring, improve the monitoring sensitivity is the key to control the epidemic of this disease. All localities should do a good job of outbreak reporting, child care units should do a good job of morning inspection, timely detection of patients, collection of specimens, a clear pathogenic diagnosis, and do a good job of disinfection of the patient's feces and their utensils, to prevent the spread of the disease spread. During the epidemic, parents should minimize the number of children going to crowded public **** places to reduce the chance of infection. Hospitals should strengthen prevention by setting up special consultation rooms to prevent cross-infection. In the hand-foot-mouth disease epidemic areas with serious comorbidities, close contact with the patient's frail infants and young children can be injected with gammaglobulin.3. Preventive and control measures Hand-foot-mouth disease has many ways of spreading, and infants and children are generally susceptible to the disease. Do a good job of children's personal, family and child care institutions of health is the key to prevent the infection of this disease.
(1) personal preventive measures
1. wash hands with soap or hand sanitizer before and after meals, after going out, don't let children drink raw water, eat raw and cold food, and avoid contact with children with the disease;
2. wash hands before contacting children by the caregiver, after changing diapers and handling feces, and properly dispose of dirt;
3. wash hands before and after using bottles and pacifiers for babies and young children. The bottles and nipples used by infants and young children should be washed well before and after use;
4. During the epidemic period, it is not advisable to take children to public **** places where crowds gather and the air circulation is poor, pay attention to maintaining environmental hygiene in the home, ventilate the room frequently, and sunbathe clothes and quilts diligently;
5. Children who have symptoms should go to the health care center in a timely manner. Children who live at home for treatment, do not contact other children, parents should dry or disinfect the affected children's clothes in a timely manner, disinfect the children's feces in a timely manner; mild cases of children do not need to be hospitalized, it is appropriate to live at home for treatment, rest, in order to reduce cross-infection.
(2) child care institutions and elementary school
1. During the epidemic season, classrooms and dormitories should be well ventilated;
2. daily cleaning and disinfection of toys, personal hygiene equipment, tableware and other items;
3. when cleaning or disinfecting the work (especially cleaning toilets), staff should wear gloves. They should wash their hands immediately after cleaning;
4. Wiping and disinfecting the surfaces of door knobs, staircase handrails, desktops and other objects on a daily basis;
5. Educating and guiding children to develop the habit of washing their hands correctly;
6. Carrying out morning checkups every day, and taking measures to send children to hospitals in a timely manner and take them to rest at home when they are found suspected of having illnesses; and disinfecting the objects used by the children immediately;
7.
7. When the number of affected children increases, it should be reported to the health and education departments in a timely manner. According to the needs of epidemic control when the education and health departments may decide to take measures for child care institutions or elementary school to take a vacation.
(3) preventive and control measures in medical institutions
1. During the epidemic, hospitals should implement pre-screening and triage, and set up a special clinic (desk) to receive suspected patients with hand, foot and mouth, and guide children with fever and rash to a special clinic (desk), the waiting and consultation areas should be increased in cleaning and disinfecting the frequency of cleaning and indoor cleaning should be used in the wet cleaning mode;
2. Medical personnel After treating and caring for each patient, they should wash their hands carefully or disinfect them;
3. Non-disposable instruments and objects used in the process of treating and caring for patients should be wiped and disinfected;
4. No other non-enteroviral infected children should be admitted to the same ward. Seriously ill children should be treated in separate isolation;
5. Facilities and articles such as beds and tables and chairs that have been used by hospitalized children must be disinfected before they can continue to be used;
6. Respiratory secretions and feces of the children and their contaminated articles should be disinfected;
7. When healthcare institutions find an increase in the number of patients with hand, foot, and mouth, or deaths related to enteroviral infections, they should immediately report to the local health administrative departments and CDC agencies to report.
[edit]xiv. HFMD Vaccine
There is no vaccine for HFMD. Please parents and friends do not believe rumors to prevent being deceived Pan Xianhai stressed that the country has no vaccine to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease, there is no special medicine, any vaccine about can prevent hand, foot and mouth disease and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease of special medicine are rumors, the masses must not believe casually, so as not to be deceived.
In addition to paying attention to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene, to do "wash your hands, drink boiled water, eat cooked food, ventilation, sun clothing and quilts" and other preventive measures, it is also recommended that reference to the use of the following Chinese medicine preventive measures (formula): honeysuckle 6g, rehmannia glutinosa 10g, 10g of bluebell root, 3g of bamboo leaves, 3g of licorice, decocted with water, twice a day, for 7-10 days, and then take it. Twice a day for 7-10 days, 50 ml each time. infants and children under 3 years old can take a reduced dose; 3 to 6 years old children can take this dose; 6 years old and above can increase the dose appropriately.