2.2 The generated hazardous waste must be declared and registered in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, special facilities and places that meet the standards should be built, hazardous waste nameplates should be properly preserved and set up, and the hazardous waste should be disposed of by itself or be collected, transported, stored, treated and disposed by units holding hazardous waste business licenses in accordance with the relevant provisions. In the process of treatment and disposal, measures should be taken to reduce the volume, weight and degree of danger of hazardous waste.
3. 1 Hazardous wastes can only be removed after being treated and purified by the core filter. According to its composition, it should be collected in a special container that meets national standards.
3.2 The containers for transporting hazardous wastes should be designed according to the different characteristics of hazardous wastes, which are not easy to be damaged, deformed and aged, and can effectively prevent leakage and diffusion. The container containing hazardous waste must be labeled, and the label should clearly indicate the name, weight, composition and characteristics of hazardous waste, as well as emergency measures and remedial methods in case of leakage and diffusion pollution accidents.
3.3 Hazardous wastes (such as waste batteries and waste fluorescent tubes). ) Garbage generated by residents' living, office and tertiary industry should be collected separately from domestic garbage, so as to improve the level of recycling and harmless treatment and disposal, and gradually establish and improve the social hazardous waste recycling network.
3.4 Encourage the development of a safe and efficient hazardous waste transportation system, encourage the development of various forms of special vehicles, require safe and reliable hazardous waste transportation, and transport hazardous waste in strict accordance with the regulations on hazardous waste transportation management to reduce secondary pollution and possible environmental risks during transportation. 3.5 Encourage the establishment of specialized hazardous waste transportation companies to carry out specialized transportation of hazardous wastes, and transport vehicles should have special signs. 4. 1 The transboundary movement of hazardous wastes shall comply with the requirements of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, and the domestic movement of hazardous wastes shall comply with the Measures for the Administration of the Joint List of Hazardous Wastes and other relevant regulations.
4.2 The competent administrative departments of environmental protection at all levels shall effectively control the flow of hazardous waste and prohibit the discharge of hazardous waste into the environment during the transfer process according to the management measures for hazardous waste transfer sheets formulated by the state and local governments. 5. Hazardous wastes generated by1should be recovered first to reduce the load of subsequent treatment and disposal. The recycling process should meet the requirements of relevant national and local laws and regulations to avoid secondary pollution.
5.2 Hazardous wastes generated in the production process should be actively recovered in the production system. Hazardous wastes that cannot be recycled in the production system can be recycled through measures such as hazardous waste exchange, material transformation, reprocessing and energy transformation outside the system.
5.3 Governments at all levels should encourage enterprises to recycle hazardous waste by setting up special funds, government subsidies and other economic policies and measures to realize the recycling of hazardous waste.
5.4 The State encourages the research and development of hazardous waste recycling technology, gradually improves the level of hazardous waste recycling technology and equipment, and actively promotes mature and economical hazardous waste recycling technology. 6. 1 If the generated hazardous waste cannot be recycled or treated temporarily, the generating unit shall build special hazardous waste storage facilities for storage, set up hazardous waste signs, or entrust a unit with special hazardous waste storage facilities for storage, and the storage period shall not exceed the national regulations. Units storing hazardous wastes should have corresponding licenses. It is forbidden to transfer hazardous waste to unlicensed units or to non-hazardous waste storage facilities in any form. Hazardous waste storage facilities should have corresponding supporting facilities and be managed according to relevant regulations.
6.2 Hazardous waste storage facilities shall meet the following requirements:
6.2. 1 Skirt foot shall be bricked for plugging, and the ground and skirt foot shall be made of solid impervious materials. There should be isolation facilities, alarm devices and wind, sun and rain protection facilities;
6.2.2 When the foundation impervious layer is a clay layer, its thickness should be above 1m and its permeability coefficient should be less than1.010-7 cm/s; The foundation impervious layer can also be made of high-density polyethylene or other artificial impervious materials, with a thickness greater than 2 mm and a permeability coefficient less than1.010-10 cm/s; 6.2.3 There must be a leakage liquid collection device, a gas outlet and a gas purification device;
6.2.4 Where liquid and semi-solid hazardous wastes are stored, there must also be a hardened floor with corrosion resistance and no cracks;
6.2.5 Incompatible hazardous waste stacking areas must have isolation intervals;
6.2.6 Leachate collection and removal system, runoff diversion system and rainwater collection pool shall be built on the lining.
6.2.7 The places where inflammable and explosive hazardous wastes are stored should be equipped with fire fighting equipment, and the places where highly toxic hazardous wastes are stored must be guarded by special personnel for 24 hours.
6.3 The site selection, design, operation management, safety protection, environmental monitoring, emergency measures and closure of hazardous waste storage facilities shall comply with the provisions of Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Storage. 7. 1 Hazardous waste incineration can realize the reduction and harmlessness of hazardous waste, and the residual heat can be recycled. Incineration is suitable for hazardous waste with a certain calorific value, but not for recycling its useful components. Explosive waste should not be burned. The construction, operation and pollution control management of incineration facilities should follow the Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration and other relevant regulations.
7.2 Hazardous waste incineration shall meet the following requirements:
7.2. 1 Before the hazardous waste is burned, pretreatment or special treatment must be carried out to meet the requirements of entering the furnace and make the hazardous waste burn evenly and completely in the furnace;
7.2.2 The incinerator temperature should be above 1 100C, the flue gas residence time should be above 2.0 seconds, the combustion efficiency should be greater than 99.9%, the incineration removal rate should be greater than 99.99%, and the incineration loss rate of incineration residue should be less than 5% (except hospital medical waste and PCB-containing waste);
7.2.3 Incineration facilities must have pretreatment system, tail gas purification system, alarm system and emergency treatment device.
7.2.4 Residues generated by hazardous waste incineration and fly ash generated during flue gas treatment shall be safely buried as hazardous waste.
7.3 Incineration technology based on rotary kiln should be adopted for hazardous wastes. We can choose different kilns according to the types and characteristics of hazardous wastes, encourage the transformation and adoption of rotary kilns for cement production, and burn hazardous wastes alone or exclusively.
7.4 Encourage the use of waste heat generated by hazardous waste incineration. For large-scale hazardous waste incineration facilities, cogeneration can be implemented.
7.5 Some infectious, toxic or special hazardous wastes containing persistent organic pollutants, such as hospital medical wastes and wastes containing polychlorinated biphenyls, should be incinerated in special incineration facilities. 8. 1 Safe landfill disposal of hazardous wastes is applicable to hazardous wastes whose components and energy cannot be recovered.
8.2 Untreated hazardous waste shall not be mixed into domestic waste landfill, and safe landfill is the final disposal means of hazardous waste.
8.3 Hazardous waste safety landfill must receive hazardous waste according to the admission requirements and the scope specified in the business license. If it can't meet the admission requirements, it must be pretreated to meet the admission requirements of landfill.
8.4 Safe landfill of hazardous wastes shall meet the following requirements:
8.4. 1 There is a qualified impervious layer, and no secondary pollution is allowed.
When the saturated permeability coefficient of natural subbase is less than 1.0 10-7cm/s and the thickness is more than 5m, natural subbase can be directly used as impervious layer. When the saturated permeability coefficient of natural subbase is1.010-7-1.010-6 cm/s, composite liner can be used as the impervious layer, and the thickness of high-density polyethylene should not be less than1.5 mm; When the saturated permeability coefficient of natural subbase is greater than 1.0 10-6cm/s, double-layer synthetic lining (high density polyethylene) should be used as the impervious layer, with the upper layer thickness greater than 2.0mm and the lower layer thickness greater than1.0 mm. ..
8.4.2 The unit operation shall be carried out in strict accordance with the operation procedures, and compaction and covering shall be done well;
8.4.3 It is necessary to separate clean sewage, reduce the amount of leachate, and set up leachate drainage facilities and treatment facilities. A certain number of exhaust holes, gas collection systems, purification systems and alarm systems should be set up in hazardous waste landfill sites that are easy to generate gas;
8.4.4 The landfill operation management unit shall monitor the groundwater, surface water and atmosphere of the landfill on a regular basis by itself or by entrusting other units;
8.4.5 After the landfill is closed, it should be closed for effective coverage and ecological environment restoration;
8.4.6 After the landfill is closed, the land can be properly developed and utilized as non-agricultural land after monitoring, demonstration and approval by relevant departments.
8.5 Hazardous waste landfills must comply with the provisions of Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Landfills. 9. 1 Hospital clinical waste (excluding radioactive waste)
9. 1. 1 Encourage hospitals to classify and collect medical wastes for treatment and disposal respectively. Human tissues and organs, blood products, fabrics contaminated by blood and body fluids, medical wastes generated by infectious hospitals, patients' domestic wastes and medical wastes from mixed hospitals should be disposed of by building special incineration facilities, which should meet the requirements of Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Incineration.
9. 1.2 centralized disposal facilities should be built in this city to collect and dispose of hospital medical wastes in this city and the area where this city is located.
9. 1.3 It is forbidden to recycle disposable medical devices and dressings.
9.2 Waste containing PCBs
9.2. 1 Waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls should be concentrated in special incineration facilities as soon as possible, and it is not appropriate to dispose of it in other ways. Special incineration facilities shall meet the requirements of the national pollution control standards for hazardous waste incineration.
9.2.2 The management, storage and disposal of PCB-containing wastes shall also comply with the Regulations on Prevention of Environmental Pollution from PCB-containing Electrical Devices and Their Wastes.
9.2.3 Waste containing polychlorinated biphenyls that have been centrally sealed for more than 20 years or less but have caused environmental pollution should be burned within a time limit.
9.2.4 In principle, the newly retired PCB-containing power devices must be incinerated, and temporary storage can be carried out if it is really difficult, but the storage period shall not exceed three years. The site selection and design of temporary storage and centralized storage must conform to the requirements of Code for Design of Temporary Storage and Centralized Storage of PCB-containing Wastes, and the construction of centralized storage must carry out environmental impact assessment.
9.2.5 The management of inventory and storage facilities of hazardous wastes containing PCBs should be strengthened, and the disposal process of hazardous wastes containing PCBs should be tracked and managed.
9.3 Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash
9.3. 1 Fly ash generated by domestic waste incineration must be collected separately, and shall not be mixed with domestic waste, incineration residue and other wastes, nor with other hazardous wastes.
9.3.2 Fly ash from domestic waste incineration shall not be stored for a long time in the place where it is produced, and shall not be simply disposed of or discharged. Fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration must be solidified and stabilized before it can be transported at the place where it is produced. Special means of transport should be used during transportation, and the means of transport must be sealed.
9.3.3 Fly ash generated by domestic waste incineration shall be safely buried.
9.4 Waste batteries
9.4. 1 National and local governments should formulate technical and economic policies to eliminate batteries containing mercury and cadmium. Production enterprises should adjust the product structure in accordance with national laws and industrial policies, and eliminate batteries containing mercury and cadmium on schedule.
9.4.2 Before the batteries containing mercury and cadmium are eliminated, the municipal solid waste treatment unit shall establish classified collection, storage and treatment facilities to effectively manage the waste batteries.
9.4.3 Advocate the classified collection of waste batteries, and avoid the waste batteries containing mercury and cadmium from mixing into domestic waste incineration facilities.
9.4.4 Waste lead-acid batteries must be recovered and cannot be disposed of by other methods, and their collection and transportation must be included in hazardous waste management. Encourage the development of recycling of waste lead-acid batteries with an annual processing scale of more than 20,000 tons, eliminate small lead recycling enterprises, and encourage the use of wet lead recycling production processes.
9.5 Waste mineral oil
9.5. 1 encourage the establishment of waste mineral oil collection system, and prohibit the waste mineral oil from being scattered, buried or poured into sewers at will for use as building demoulding oil, and prohibit the continued use of sulfuric acid/clay method to regenerate waste mineral oil.
9.5.2 The management of waste mineral oil should follow the Technical Guidelines for the Recovery and Utilization of Waste Lubricating Oil and other relevant regulations, encourage the use of acid-free waste oil recovery technology, adopt new oil-water separation facilities or active enzymes to recover waste oil, and encourage key cities to build regional waste mineral oil recovery facilities to provide services for local waste mineral oil producers.
9.6 Waste fluorescent tubes
9.6. 1 governments at all levels should formulate technical and economic policies, adjust product structure, eliminate highly polluting fluorescent tubes, and encourage the establishment of waste fluorescent tube collection system and financial mechanism.
9.6.2 Strengthen the management of the generation, collection, treatment and disposal of waste fluorescent tubes, and encourage key cities to build regional waste fluorescent tube recycling facilities to provide services for the recycling of waste fluorescent tubes in this region. 10. 1 Encourage research, development and introduction of efficient hazardous waste collection and transportation technologies and equipment.
10.2 encourage research, development and introduction of efficient and practical hazardous waste recycling technologies and equipment, including hazardous waste sorting and crushing equipment, heat treatment equipment, large-scale hazardous waste treatment and utilization equipment, and social hazardous waste treatment and utilization equipment.
10.3 accelerate the research and development and localization of special monitoring instruments and equipment for hazardous waste treatment, including on-line flue gas detection instruments for incineration facilities.
10.4 encourage the research and development of efficient and practical complete sets of hazardous waste incineration technologies and equipment, including hazardous waste incineration technology, hazardous waste incineration pollution control technology and hazardous waste incineration waste heat recovery and utilization technology.
10.5 encourage the research and development of efficient and practical key technologies and equipment for safe landfill treatment, including new landfill impervious lining and covering materials, special landfill machines and tools, leachate treatment technology for hazardous waste landfills, and landfill closure technology for hazardous waste landfills.
10.6 encourage research and development of hazardous waste identification technologies and equipment, and encourage research on hazardous waste management technologies and methods.
10.7 encourage research and development of technologies for the treatment, disposal and recycling of waste batteries and waste fluorescent tubes.