Medical equipment in German field hospitals in World War II.

The Soviet-German War, that is, the eastern front of the Soviet Union and Germany in World War II, should be the largest, fiercest and most direct battlefield in World War II. 194 1 On June 22nd, Hitler tore up the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty and launched a blitzkrieg against the Soviet Union in three ways with a pre-drawn plan codenamed "Barbarossa". On July 3 of that year, Stalin delivered a radio address, calling on all Soviet people to unite and go all out to fight Hitler's fascism, and the Soviet-German war broke out in an all-round way. Looking back at this historical data, it is not difficult to see that Nazi Germany's military strength is not much stronger than that of the vast and industrialized Soviet Union, and they are aggressors and do not have an advantage in international aid. Look at these data recorded in the following historical materials: the military strength comparison between the two sides at the beginning of the war: the total strength: Germany 9 million, the Soviet Union170,000; Initial direct combat forces: Germany 5 million (including Axis forces) and the Soviet Union 7.3 million; Compilation: Germany 156 Division 2 Brigade, Soviet Union 170 Division 2 Brigade; Tanks: 3,800 in Germany, new Soviet tanks 1.475; Artillery: 43,000 in Germany and 60,000 in the Soviet Union; Combat aircraft: Germany 1830, new Soviet aircraft 1540, a large number of old aircraft; Combat vessels: Germany 192, USSR 396. In these data, Germany is only superior to the Soviet Union in the number of combat tanks and combat aircraft. However, it should not be underestimated that the German army has advanced equipment, strong maneuverability and strong individual combat capability. In order to launch the war against the Soviet Union, Hitler also set up four armored clusters in the German army: hoppner, guderian, Holt and Kleist. At the beginning of the war, the Soviet Union rushed to fight, and the Germans occupied a certain advantage:1941At 3: 30 in the morning of June 22, the Germans launched a sudden attack on the Soviet Union on the front of more than 2,000 kilometers from the Baltic Sea in the north and the Black Sea in the south. At the beginning of the war, 66 airports in the western Soviet Union, which were almost unprepared, were bombed indiscriminately. The Soviet Union lost 1200 aircraft in half a day, of which 800 were destroyed at the airport before taking off. The cities, naval and air bases and communication facilities in the western Soviet Union were severely damaged under the attack of German aviation, and the command organization of the border military region was basically paralyzed. The Germans advanced 50 to 60 kilometers on the first day of the war. At the beginning of the war, 28 Soviet divisions were wiped out and 70 divisions lost more than half of their weapons. According to statistics released by the west after the war, in the first 18 days of the Soviet-German war, the Soviet Union lost 2,000 columns of arms, 3,000 cannons, 2,000 planes and 1500 tanks, and 300,000 Soviet troops were captured. After the Germans occupied Minsk, they captured Smolensk, the gateway of the Soviet capital Moscow, on July 194 15, only 380 kilometers away from Moscow. But then the Germans made a mistake that might have a bearing on the overall situation. Hitler moved part of the main force of the Central Army Group that attacked Moscow to the south to attack Kiev, so as to occupy Ukraine, the granary of the Soviet Union. Although the German army won great victories in the south and the north, it was not completely successful in Leningrad on the north road, and the middle road missed the best opportunity to attack Moscow and defeat the Soviet Union in one fell swoop. 1942 In April, the battle of Moscow ended with the victory of the Soviet Red Army. In the battle, Soviet troops annihilated more than 500,000 Germans (including 65,438+10,000 frozen and frostbitten), and 38 divisions suffered heavy losses. At this time, the Soviet Red Army initially stabilized the situation in the Soviet-German battlefield and disrupted Germany's "Blitzkrieg" plan. In the middle and late period of the war (1943), the reversal of the battlefield situation between the two sides was the turning point of the Soviet-German battlefield. After the Battle of Stalingrad, Soviet troops continued to attack the upper reaches of the Don River, Kursk and Kharkov, and recovered Kursk and other places. 1August 943 to165438+1October, the Soviet red army completely wiped out the Germans in the Caucasus and recovered Donbass. In Ukraine, dnipropetrovsk and Kiev were recovered and Smolensk in the middle line was liberated. According to historical records, in the middle of the Soviet-German War (1943), Hitler still had a very large military force. At this time, the total number of Germans was 9.48 million, but apart from various reserve troops, a large number of patients in hospitals, naval and air forces and maintenance troops in occupied areas, there were not so many field troops they could use for the Soviet-German battlefield. By the beginning of July, 1943, the Germans and their allies had nearly 4 million regular troops (200 German divisions and 40 allied divisions), about 4,700 self-propelled artillery tanks, 3,665 aircraft and about 40,000 artillery mortars in the Soviet-German battlefield. Since the war, the Soviet army has lost 6.5438+0.467 million people, of which 8-9 million people are the wounded who can't recover in a short time. However, since April 1943, there are still 84 13000 people in the reserve base of the Soviet Red Army High Command and the alert forces in the far east and southern border areas. By July 1943, the total number of armed forces in the whole Soviet Union, including the mainland military region, had increased to about100000. Except for Japan, which is on guard in the Far East, and Turkey, which is in the west of Asia, the main force of Soviet field troops is used to fight against Germany, with a total combat power of over 6.06 million. At the beginning of 1944, the Soviet army had 6.35 million people, which surpassed the Germans not only in personnel but also in important weapons and equipment. In addition, the Soviet Red Army received strong support from the people in the rear, close cooperation from nearly one million guerrilla fighters in enemy-occupied areas, and assistance from the United States and Britain. This has created favorable conditions for the strategic counterattack. From 1944, the Soviet Red Army launched 10 major strategic offensive operations and ten Stalin assaults on the German army. Recovered all the territory of the Soviet Union and pushed the front outside. On April 1945 and 16, the Soviet Red Army attacked Berlin from the Oder River and the Nice River at the same time, and fought fiercely 16 day and night. By 3 pm on May 2, the Germans stopped resisting, and the battle of Berlin was over. The Soviet Red Army annihilated and captured more than 400,000 Germans. Two German army groups (55 divisions) entrenched in Czechoslovakia also surrendered in mid-May. The red flag of the Soviet Union was planted on the roof of the Parliament Building in Berlin, marking the end of the Soviet-German war with the victory of the Soviet Union.