multipurpose
MPV representative for cars and multi-purpose vehicles. It integrates the functions of cars, station wagons and vans, and the car seat can be adjusted, and the combination of various modes can be changed. For example, the middle of the seat back can be turned down to become a table, and the front seat can rotate 180 degrees. In recent years, MPV tends to be miniaturized, and the so-called S-MPV, S (small) meaning appears. S-MPV has a compact fuselage (4.2-4.3) meters long and a typical block (5-7).
Sport utility vehicle
SUV stands for China Sports.
Vehicles refer to sport utility vehicles. Mainly those avant-garde designs and novel four-wheel drive off-road vehicles. SUV is an independent suspension of general car type. The front suspension and the rear suspension are independent. Off-road performance, comfort and ground clearance off-road vehicles are these two cars to some extent. The seat of vehicle manned MPV has many combined functions, but it is also a wide range of goods.
Recreational vehicle
RV stands for entertainment one
Vehicles, that is, recreational vehicles, are used for entertainment, leisure, tourism and automobiles. Japan was the first country to put forward the concept of RV. RV has a wider coverage and no strict categories. Broadly speaking, except for light passenger cars and off-road vehicles, they can all be attributed to RV. MPV and SUV RV.
Open pickup truck
Pickup truck, also known as truck. As the name implies, a truck is an open freight car with both a front and a cab. It is characterized by being as comfortable as a car, but powerful, powerful and cargo capacity to adapt to bad roads than a car. The most common pickup truck model is the double-row pickup truck, which is the largest shareholding, but people have the most pickup trucks on the market.
Be completely knocked down
CKD knocks completely.
Next, the English abbreviation means "completely dismantled". In other words, CKD cars are imported or imported cars, which are completely dismantled and then assembled into cars with auto parts. When China introduces foreign advanced automobile technology, it often uses CKD assembly method to buy all parts of foreign advanced models from the beginning and assemble vehicles in the same car factory.
Half-knocked down
SKD English semi-bulk
Downward abbreviation means "semi-bulk". In other words, SKD imported cars are assembled from abroad (such as engine, cab and chassis). ) and then assembled in domestic automobile factories.
SKD is equivalent to simply assembling a "semi-finished product" into the car.
Zero-kilometer car Zero-kilometer car is a sales term, which refers to a car with zero mileage (or mileage, if not higher than 10 km). This seems to be a "new" purchased vehicle to meet customer requirements. The zero-kilometer automobile production line has not been opened. When in use, ensure that the odometer reading is zero, and transport large private cars from the factory to the point of sale to ensure that the vehicles are brand-new.
concept vehicle
Looking at the concept car from Britain
Free translation of cars. The concept car is a model that will not be put into mass production, and the designer's innovative, unique and advanced ideas are just for people to see. This concept car is still in the creative and experimental stage, and probably never put into production. Commercial vehicles without mass production, concept cars get rid of the shackles and enjoy or even exaggerate their unique charm.
The latest achievements of auto time Science and Technology, a concept car, represent the future development direction of automobiles, and its great function and significance encourage and promote mutual learning. The concept car has advanced ideas, embodies unique creativity and applies the latest scientific and technological achievements, so its value is highly appreciated.
Concept cars developed by the world's major auto companies made their debut at the international auto show. On the one hand, we should understand the concept car reflected by a little cost and constantly improve it; On the other hand, it also shows the technological progress of public companies, thus enhancing their image.
Laoyeche Laoyeche
Also known as a classic car, it generally refers to a car that was 20 years ago or more. Classic cars are the product of nostalgia. People are used to the past, and cars can still work normally.
The concept of classic cars began in the 1970s, first appeared in British magazines, and was quickly recognized by classic car lovers. Dramatic growth is less than 10 years of efforts, and more and more people are interested in classic cars, which is worth digging. For example, an American Qiushengberg car sold for $1 million at auction, and a Bugatti classic car sold for $6.5 million.
zero-emission vehicle
Zero-emission vehicles refer to vehicles that do not emit any harmful pollutants, such as solar vehicles, pure electric vehicles and hydrogen-fueled vehicles. Sometimes people also call it green car, environment-friendly car, eco-car, clean car and zero-emission car.
motor scooter
Some people say that electric vehicles are pure electric vehicles, which use a single battery as the power source of energy storage. It takes the energy storage battery as the power supply, and the motor powered by the battery drives the motor to run, thus pushing the car forward. From the appearance, there is no difference between electric cars and cars from day to day, mainly in the power source and its drive system.
Hybrid electric vehicle
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a kind of pure electric vehicle with internal combustion engine, aiming at reducing vehicle pollution and improving pure mileage electric vehicle. In series and parallel hybrid electric vehicles.
Gas car gas car compressed natural gas car (LPG car or LPGV for short), compressed natural gas car (CNG car or CNGV for short). As the name implies, LPG vehicles use LPG as fuel and CNG vehicles use compressed natural gas as fuel. Compared with gasoline vehicles, gas vehicles reduce carbon monoxide emissions by more than 90%, hydrocarbons emissions by 70% and nitrogen oxides emissions by more than 35%, which is a practical low-emission vehicle.
European II emission standard
Automobile exhaust pollutants emit hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM), which are mainly discharged from the exhaust pipe inside the automobile. Countries and regions where the pollutants emitted by automobiles are more and more harmful to the environment have established automobile emission limits all over the world, including the reference standards of the European Union and most countries and regions.
European emission standards are a very professional technical field. For example, in Europe, the interpretation of the meaning of the European II standard.
For example, a car with no more than 6 passengers (including drivers) and a maximum gross weight of no more than 2.5 tons is designed.
From China 1 999 65438+1October1to 65438+February 3 1 2003, the emission standards that must be met at this stage: carbon monoxide shall not exceed 3.16g/km; Hydrocarbons shall not exceed 1. 13g/km, and diesel vehicles with up-to-standard particulate matter shall not exceed 0.18g/km; Durability requires 50,000 kilometers.
After 2065438+65438+ 10 +0 65438 in 2000, the standard has been improved: carbon monoxide in gasoline vehicles does not exceed 2.2g/km, and hydrocarbons do not exceed 0.5g/km；; The carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter of diesel vehicles shall not exceed 1.0g/km, 0.7g/km and 0.08g/km respectively. This is 2004, and China will implement Euro II emission standards.
Car recall
The so-called car recall refers to a modified car that is found in the market due to design or manufacturing defects and does not conform to relevant laws, regulations and standards, which may lead to safety and environmental protection problems. Production enterprises must promptly report the problems, causes and improvement measures to the relevant state departments, and apply for recall and get approval to eliminate the danger of accidents. The United States, Japan, Canada, Britain, and Australia implement the automobile recall system.
Automobile engines and V6 engines usually have 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 cylinders. Commonly used 3-cylinder engine, displacement1l; (1-2.5)L 4 cylinder engine, about 6 cylinder engine 3L, 4L 8 cylinder 5.5L 12 cylinder engine. Generally speaking, in the same hole, the more cylinders, the greater the displacement and the higher the power; Under the condition of the same displacement, the cylinder has a smaller hole, so the speed can be increased to improve the power.
Arranged in a cylindrical straight line, a V shape and a W shape.
Generally, the cylinders of a 5-cylinder engine are arranged in multiple rows, and the cylinders of a 6-cylinder engine are arranged in several rows. The cylinder block, the cylinder block, the cylinder head and the crankshaft of the in-line engine of the invention are simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, low in oil consumption, wide in application and low in power consumption. General 1L gasoline and 3-cylinder inline (1-2.5)L gasoline engines have more than 4 cylinders in line, and some four-wheel drive models have 6 cylinders in line. Because of their small width, turbocharger facilities will be laid out in the future. In-line 6-cylinder has good dynamic balance and small vibration, so for some high-pole cars.
The (6- 12) cylinder engine is generally installed in the V-type VIO engine of the automobile. The layout of V-type engine and the length and height of V-type engine are very convenient. It is generally considered to be a more advanced engine, but it has also become one of the symbols of automobile level. V8 engine is rarely used because of its complicated structure and high manufacturing cost. V 12, the engine is too big and too heavy, and there are only a few luxury cars.
In-line 4-cylinder engine (14) and V-type 6-cylinder engine (V6) are the most common. Compared with the displacement of general V6 engine, 14 V6 engine runs more smoothly and quietly than 14-. ü Ordinary cars are equipped with It, while luxury cars are equipped with V6.
Compression ratio
Compression ratio refers to the volume ratio of the combustion chamber of the cylinder, indicating the extent to which the total volume of gas moving from the bottom dead center to the top dead center of the piston is compressed in the cylinder. Compression ratio is an important parameter to measure the performance of automobile engine.
Generally speaking, the compression ratio of an engine is greater than; At the end of the compression stroke, the higher the pressure and temperature of the mixture, the faster the combustion speed, so the greater the economic power of the engine, the better. However, when the compression ratio is too large, not only can the combustion conditions not be further improved, but abnormal combustion phenomena such as deflagration and surface ignition will appear, which will further affect the performance of the engine. In addition, the compression ratio of the engine is limited to improve the exhaust pollution regulations.
Working volume displacement
The gas swept volume of the cylinder piston from top dead center to bottom dead center, also known as single cylinder displacement, depends on the cylinder bore and piston stroke. The displacement of the engine is the sum of the working volumes of each cylinder, which is generally CC. Engine displacement is one of the most important structural parameters, which is more representative than the engine with cylinder diameter and number. Many indexes of the engine are closely related to the same displacement.
force
Power refers to the work done by an object in unit time. In a certain speed range, the power of automobile engine has a nonlinear proportional relationship with the engine speed.
The greater the power, the smaller it is, which reflects the action time of the vehicle power over a period of time. Compared with the same type of car, the higher the power, the higher the speed and the higher the maximum speed.
The output power of the engine has a great relationship with the speed. With the increase of rotational speed, the power of the engine also increases correspondingly, but when it reaches a certain rotational speed and intensity, it has a downward trend. A general description of the maximum output power of an engine, and the marked revolutions per minute (rpm), such as 100PS/5000r/min, indicates that the maximum output power of 5000 rpm is 100 horsepower (73.5KW).
It is usually used to describe the dynamic performance of the most powerful car. The maximum power is generally expressed in horsepower (PS) or kilowatt (kW), and horsepower is equal to 0.735 kW.
Torque of
Torque makes an object rotate. Engine torque refers to the torque output by the engine from the crankshaft end. Under fixed conditions, it is inversely proportional to the engine speed and power. The faster the speed, the smaller the torque, which on the contrary reflects the load capacity of the vehicle in a certain range. It can truly reflect the "naturalness" of the car in some situations, such as starting or driving in mountainous areas. The higher the response torque of the car, the better. Compared with cars with the same engine, the higher the book value, the greater the output torque, and the better the acceleration performance, the less the power transmission times and the less the wear on the car. Especially when the car starts at zero speed, it also shows the superiority of high torque to improve speed.
Indicates that the torque of the engine is Nm. The same power is generally marked with revolutions per minute (rpm) at the maximum output torque of the engine. Generally, the engine appears in the middle and low speed range. With the increase of speed, the maximum torque of torque will decrease.
Multipoint injection
The EFI device of automobile engine consists of an oil injection circuit, a sensor group and an electronic control unit. If the fuel injector is installed in the original carburetor position, that is, the whole engine has only one gasoline injection point, it is a single-point EFI; If the injector is installed on the intake manifold of each cylinder, that is, on the injection cylinder that injects multiple gasoline (at least each cylinder has one injection point), this is multi-point injection.
The closed-loop control of engine EFI system is a real-time closed-loop control of oxygen sensor, computer and fuel control device. When the oxygen sensor "tells" the computer the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture, the computer sends an instruction to the fuel quantity control device to adjust the air-fuel ratio (14.7: 1), the direction of the theoretical value. This adjustment is often a little more than the theoretical value. The oxygen sensor detects and reports to the computer, and the command sent by the computer is sent to 14.7: 1. Soon, such an air-fuel ratio will not deviate from 14.7: 1 because of each adjustment period. Once in operation, it will be constantly adjusted in the closed loop. The closed-loop control EFI engine can always run under ideal working conditions (the air-fuel ratio does not deviate too much from the theoretical value), which can ensure that the car not only has better power performance, but also saves fuel. Multiple valves
In the traditional engine, the valve train of intake valve and exhaust valve of each cylinder is relatively simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and the requirements for the normal output power of the engine are not too high, so you can obtain satisfactory engine power and torque output. The simplest multi-valve technology between the engine with larger displacement and power and the multi-valve technology is the three-valve structure, that is, the intake valve which is further coupled by line on the basis of the two-valve structure. In recent years, all the major automobile companies in the world have adopted the newly developed four-valve structure. Each cylinder has two intake valves and two exhaust valves, and each cylinder has a four-valve valve train. The four-valve structure can greatly improve the intake and exhaust efficiency of the engine, and most new cars adopt the four-valve technology.
Overhead camshaft
There are three installation positions of engine camshaft: home and center expenses. The speed of automobile engine is faster, and the speed is as high as 5000 rpm, which ensures the efficiency of intake and exhaust. The overhead valve device composed of upside-down intake and exhaust valves is suitable for three installation forms of camshaft. However, if the valve is installed or mounted on the camshaft, the distance between the valve and the camshaft, the valve tappet and the auxiliary parts of the tappet will make the structure of the valve transmission parts more complicated, and the heavy engine and high-speed operation will easily produce noise. The overhead camshaft can change this phenomenon. Therefore, modern automobile engines usually use overhead camshafts installed in more than one engine. The distance between camshaft and valve is shortened, valve tappets and tappets are omitted, which simplifies the transmission mechanism between camshaft valves and makes the engine more compact. More importantly, this installation method can reduce the reciprocating quality of the whole system and improve the transmission efficiency.
According to the number of camshafts, it can be divided into single overhead camshaft (SOHC) and DOHC. Two luxury cars are generally multi-valve V-shaped engine cylinders, and in many well-known brands of engines, dual camshafts are needed to control the intake and exhaust valves.
VTEC
reach
The representative of VTEC variable valve timing system, electronic lift control system and Honda's proprietary technology can adjust valve timing and valve lift appropriately according to the changes of engine speed, load and temperature, so that the engine can achieve the highest efficiency at both high and low speed operating parameters. +VTEC system, there are three cam surfaces on the intake camshaft, which are the shafts that shake three rocker arms at the top. When the engine is at low speed or low load, there are no three rocker arms connected between them, and the left and right rocker arms push the two intake valves respectively, so that two different timing and lift forces can be realized, forming a squeezing effect. The medium and high speed rocker jack valve is invalid only when the rocker shaft moves. When the speed increases, the sensors in the engine will be monitored by the computer for load, speed, vehicle speed, water temperature and other parameters, and these computer information will be analyzed and processed. When the required high-speed mode is reached, the computer sends a signal to open the VTEC solenoid valve, and the three rocker arms of the pressure oil piston are connected to the top of the rocker arm shaft, and the two valves work in the high-speed mode. When the engine speed is reduced to achieve valve timing, it is necessary to change the pressure signal of VTEC solenoid valve at the beginning of computer opening again to make the pressure oil escape from the valve and return to the low-speed mode.
VVT- me
VVT-i engine. System is the abbreviation of Toyota Intelligent Variable Valve Timing System, and VVT-i system has been widely installed in the latest Toyota engine. Toyota's VVT-i system can continuously adjust the valve timing, but it cannot adjust the valve lift. Its working principle is: when the engine is driven, it switches from low speed to high speed, and the computer fills the small turbine in the camshaft gear with hydraulic pressure. In this way, under pressure, a small turbine rotates at a certain angle relative to the gearbox, so that the camshaft rotates forward or backward within 60 degrees, thus changing the valve opening timing of the intake port and continuously adjusting the valve timing to achieve the goal.
Catalytic exhaust purifier
The catalytic converter is installed in the most important external purification device in the automobile exhaust system. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and other harmful gases emitted by automobile exhaust are oxidized and reduced to harmless carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen. The catalytic converter can also trade the main harmful substances in the tail gas into harmless substances, so-called 3 yuan.
Work of catalytic converter: When the tail gas purification device of hot car is used, the purifying agent in the catalytic converter will enhance the activity of three gases, namely CO, HC and NOx, and promote a certain degree of redox chemical reaction at high temperature, which is characterized in that the HC compound of CO is oxidized into colored and nontoxic carbon dioxide gas, and the NOx compound of carbon dioxide is oxidized into water (H 2 O) and reduced to nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature. Three kinds of harmful gases are converted into harmless gases to purify automobile exhaust.
Turbocharger (turbocharger)
Turbocharging turbocharging, look at the turbine or t at the rear. The engine of this car is a turbocharged engine.
Turbocharger is actually an air compressor, which compresses air to increase the intake air. It uses the inertia impulse of the exhaust gas discharged by the engine to drive the turbine chamber of the turbine and the coaxial impeller driven by the turbine, and the high-pressure intake air of the impeller enters the cylinder through the air cleaner pipeline for pressurized transportation. When the faster engine speed, exhaust speed and unfortunate wheel speed are synchronized, the impeller compresses more air into the cylinder, and the pressure and density of air increase to burn more fuel, and the corresponding increase in fuel quantity can improve the output power of the engine.
The biggest advantage of turbocharger is that increasing engine displacement will significantly improve engine power and torque. The turbocharged engine installed behind the general engine can improve the power and torque by 20%-30%. The disadvantage of turbocharger is lag, because the moment of inertia of impeller changes slowly. When you step on the accelerator, the engine delays to increase or decrease the output power for a car that suddenly accelerates or overtakes, and it feels a bit awkward to put it into operation immediately.
burglary protection system
Car door locks have a certain mutual opening rate, which reduces the anti-theft function of cars. Engine anti-theft locking system developed. This car is equipped with an engine anti-theft system. If you open the door, even a thief can't take the car away. The typical engine anti-theft locking system works like this: each electronic chip contained in the automobile ignition key is equipped with a fixed ID (equivalent to an identification number). When the ID of the unique key chip is consistent with the ID of the engine side, the car can be started. On the other hand, if not, the car will automatically cut off the circuit immediately, so that the engine can not be started.
drag coefficient
When a car is driving, it revolves around the center of gravity of the vehicle due to air resistance, and at the same time produces air forces in three directions: longitudinal, transverse and vertical. Its characteristic is that the longitudinal air force is the largest air resistance, which exceeds about 80% of the total air resistance. What is the value of air resistance coefficient? Wind tunnel test.
Because the air resistance is directly proportional to the air resistance coefficient, modern cars must consider reducing the air resistance coefficient in order to reduce the air resistance. From the 1950s to the early 1970s, the automobile air drag coefficient remained between 0.4 and 0.6. After the energy crisis in 1970s, in order to further save energy and reduce consumption, all countries are committed to reducing the air drag coefficient. Automobile air drag coefficient is generally 0.28? 0.4。
The test shows that every reduction of air resistance coefficient 10% can save about 7% fuel. It has been compared that two cars with the same mass and size but different air drag coefficients (0.44 and 0.25, respectively) have to travel 100 km/h to 88 km/h, and the fuel consumption of the latter is higher than that of the former1.7L..
wind tunnel
Wind tunnel is a pipe for artificial airflow (artificial wind) used in production. Some areas with uniform air flow, this pipeline, is the reason why this wind tunnel is used for automobile wind tunnel test. A fan used to generate strong airflow in a car wind tunnel, such as a Mercedes-Benz car wind tunnel. The diameter of the fan reaches 8.5 meters, and the electric power for driving the fan reaches 4000KW. The wind tunnel is used in the test part, in which the air velocity of real vehicles can reach 270 kilometers per hour. Usually, it takes millions of dollars to build a car wind tunnel of this scale, even more than 654.38+ million, and the cost of each car wind tunnel test is equivalent.
Car wind tunnel model wind tunnel, real car wind tunnel and climate wind tunnel model wind tunnel are much smaller than real car wind tunnel, and their investment costs and uses are relatively small. Only the scale model in the wind tunnel has low test accuracy. It is very expensive to build and use full-scale wind tunnels. At present, the real vehicle wind tunnels in the world are not concentrated in the largest automobile companies in Japan, the United States, Germany, France, Italy and other countries. Climate wind tunnel is a simulation of climate and environment, and its general performance (such as air characteristics) is used to measure automobile wind tunnel. In the development of foreign automobile companies, the first lift of the car body is 1 car sludge model, and then the test is carried out in the wind tunnel. Under the test conditions, the detailed information of each part of the car body and the wind resistance coefficient meet the design requirements. The car body shape is measured with a three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine, and the car body is drawn, and the design, production and technical work of the car body stamping die are drawn.
Car navigation system (CIPS)
The weather-based GPS 24 global positioning satellite provides global three-dimensional position, three-dimensional speed information, radio navigation and positioning system. The principle of GPS positioning: users receive the parameters of satellite and users, clock correction and atmospheric correction, and data processing determines the distance between users' positions. The special function of Si GPS can reach the positioning accuracy of civil GPS 10m, which has long attracted the attention of the automobile industry. After the Gulf War, the United States announced the opening of some GPS systems. The automobile industry should seize this opportunity, invest in the development of automobile navigation system, automobile positioning and guidance display, and put them into use quickly.
The automobile GPS navigation system consists of two parts: one part is the automobile worker who installs GPS receiver and display equipment, and the other part is the computer control center, which is composed of positioning satellites to get in touch. The computer control center is authorized by the vehicle management department and is responsible for monitoring the dynamics and traffic conditions of vehicles. Therefore, the whole car navigation system should have at least two functions: one is the car trail monitoring function, as long as the coded GPS receiver is installed on the car, the car will indicate its position through the electronic map of the computer control center no matter where it travels; Another driver's guide function, the owner can store the electronic map of the traffic route on the floppy disk and insert it. As soon as the driver receives the equipment, the display screen will immediately display the location and current state of the traffic scene, and can input the destination to be visited and the best driving route prepared in advance, and can also accept the instructions of the computer control center to select the road and direction for the vehicle to travel.
cruise
Constant speed cruise is used to control the car to drive at a constant speed. When the car is cruising, the fuel supply of the engine is controlled by the computer, and the computer will constantly adjust the fuel quantity. According to the road conditions and the driving resistance of the car, the car always keeps the speed set for the car without manipulating the throttle. Cruise control system has become the standard equipment for middle and high-class cars.
Safety car body
Reduce the casualties and health of passengers in traffic accidents, strengthen the passenger room and weaken the design focus of the front and rear of the car. When a car accident happens, the head or tail is extruded and deformed, and at the same time, the impact energy is absorbed to ensure the safety of the deformation of the passenger compartment.
Safety glass Safety glass consists of tempered glass and laminated glass. Tempered glass is a kind of prestressed high-strength glass, which can rapidly cool the glass at high temperature. Tempered glass crusher is divided into many small pieces without sharp edges, so it is difficult to hurt people.