What is medical waste, the historical background of medical waste, the amount of medical waste generated in China, the disposal of medical waste, and then the medical waste generated by this epidemic in the context of waste classification is how to dispose of.
One, sanitary landfill method
Sanitary landfill method is to bury the waste into the ground, through the long-term decomposition of microorganisms, so that the decomposition of harmless substances. If the landfill system of medical waste does not have impermeable measures, all kinds of toxic substances, pathogens, radioactive substances, etc. will seep into the soil with rainwater, and harmful substances will enter the human body through the food chain, endangering human health. Therefore, sanitary landfills need to go through a scientific site selection, and with clay, high-density polyethylene and other materials to lay impermeable layer, but also must be set up to collect landfill gas and output pipeline, so the use of landfill disposal method must be very careful, must be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the medical waste to carry out a rigorous pre-treatment.
Two, high-temperature incineration method
Incineration treatment is a deep oxidation of the chemical process, under the action of high-temperature flames, incineration equipment within the medical waste through the drying, ignition, incineration of the three phases of the transformation of its residue and gas, the infectious agents in the medical waste and hazardous substances in the incineration process can be effectively destroyed. Incineration technology is applicable to a variety of infectious medical waste, incineration requires incinerator with high and stable furnace temperature, good oxygen mixing conditions, enough gas residence time and other conditions, while the need for the final emission of flue gas and residue for harmless disposal.
Three, high-pressure steam sterilization method
Pressure steam sterilization treatment method is the principle of medical waste in the high temperature, high pressure process conditions run more than 20 min, the pressure of steam to penetrate the object inside, so that the microbial proteins coagulate and denature and be killed; need to pay attention to the use of this treatment must be crushed medical waste, crushing can be in the steaming before also can be After cooking, but the state environmental protection bureau published "medical waste high temperature steam centralized treatment engineering technical specifications" in the broken size shall not be greater than 50mm. this method is not suitable for dealing with pathological waste, such as human tissue and animal carcasses, etc., the efficiency of the treatment of drugs and chemical waste is not high.
Four, pyrolysis method
Pyrolysis is the use of waste in the instability of organic matter, in the anaerobic or anoxic conditions of heating distillation, so that the organic matter to produce thermal cracking, after condensation to form a variety of gases, liquids and solids, from which the extraction of fuel oil, grease and gas process.
Fifth, chemical disinfection method
The essence of chemical disinfection method is to crush the medical waste with a certain concentration of disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite, peroxyacetic acid, glutaraldehyde, ozone, etc.) mixed role, and to ensure that its disinfectant with sufficient contact area and time, organic matter in the disinfection process is decomposed, microorganisms are killed. Maximum contact between disinfectant and medical waste is a prerequisite to guarantee the treatment effect. The use of shear crushing equipment increases the degree of crushing and ensures that the disinfectant can penetrate it. Chemical disinfection is suitable for the treatment of liquid medical waste and pathological waste, and has recently been progressively used for the treatment of medical waste that cannot be sterilized by heat or wetting.
Six, microwave disinfection method
Microwave disinfection technology is a new type of medical waste treatment technology, but is still limited to small quantities, intermittent treatment of medical waste, can not meet the requirements of large quantities, continuous treatment of medical waste.
Dry heat pulverization technology, irradiation technology, plasma method and electric arc furnace technology is very rare in practical application, this article does not do a detailed introduction.