One, "Eleventh Five-Year" development review
Overview of China's photovoltaic industry
1. solar cell production continues to improve, the proportion of products exported to the major
During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's solar cell production at an average annual growth rate of more than 100% of the rapid development of the world's first four consecutive years of production in 2007-2010, the 2010 solar cell production of about 10GW, more than 50% of the world's total output. More than 90% of China's solar cell products are exported, and in 2010 exports reached 20.2 billion U.S. dollars.
2. Rapid expansion of polysilicon industry scale, mastery of the production of key technologies
"Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China's annual output of polysilicon production from two to three hundred tons to 45,000 tons of development of raw materials for the photovoltaic industry self-sufficiency from almost zero to about 50%, has formed tens of billions of dollars of output value scale The scale of output value has formed tens of billions of yuan. Domestic polysilicon enterprises have mastered the improved Siemens method of 1,000 tons of large-scale production of key technologies, the stability of large-scale production has gradually improved, the level of comprehensive utilization of by-products steadily improved, and some of the enterprises are close to the international advanced level of energy consumption indicators.
3. Crystalline silicon cells occupy a dominant position, product quality steadily improved
"Eleventh Five-Year Plan" at the end of China's crystalline silicon batteries accounted for more than 95% of the total output of solar cells. Solar cell product quality has improved year by year, especially in terms of conversion efficiency, the backbone of the enterprise product performance growth faster, monocrystalline silicon solar cell conversion efficiency of 17-19%, polycrystalline silicon solar cell conversion efficiency of 15-17%, thin film and other new battery conversion efficiency of about 8-10%.
4. Production equipment continues to make breakthroughs, the level of localization continues to improve
Domestic monocrystalline furnaces, polycrystalline silicon ingot casting furnaces, square machines and other equipment has been close to or reached the international advanced level, occupying a larger share of the domestic market. Crystalline silicon solar cell equipment, in addition to automatic printing and cutting equipment, such as basic localization and production line with the ability to "turnkey". Silicon thin-film battery production equipment initially formed a small size line production capacity. 2010 China's photovoltaic manufacturing equipment sales revenue of more than 4 billion yuan, the export delivery value of 100 million yuan.
5. Domestic PV market gradually started, the rapid growth of installed capacity
China has introduced the "solar photovoltaic building application of financial subsidies for the management of the Interim Method" and "on the implementation of the Golden Sun Demonstration Project Notice," and other policies, and has launched two batches of PV power plant franchise bidding projects totaling 290MW. As of 2010, China's cumulative PV installed capacity reached 800MW, the year's new installed capacity reached 500MW, a year-on-year growth of 166%.
Second, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" facing the situation
At present, the major developed countries are from a strategic point of view to vigorously support the development of the photovoltaic industry, such as Germany, Spain and other feed-in tariffs to support solar photovoltaic power generation, the United States, Japan and other countries continue to promote the development of photovoltaic power generation through the " Solar Roof" program. Solar Roof" program to promote the application market. International capital is also generally optimistic about the photovoltaic industry: on the one hand, the photovoltaic industry, many large-scale enterprises have announced new investment plans, and continue to expand the scale of production; on the other hand, other areas such as semiconductor companies, display companies with a variety of market capital is being or will soon enter the photovoltaic industry.
From the perspective of China's future socio-economic development strategy path, the development of solar photovoltaic industry is China's guarantee of energy supply, the construction of a low-carbon society, to promote economic restructuring, and to cultivate strategic emerging industries in an important direction. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China's photovoltaic industry will continue to be in a phase of rapid development, and at the same time, it is also facing great opportunities and severe challenges.
(A) China's photovoltaic industry development is facing a broad space for development
The world's conventional energy supply shortage crisis is becoming increasingly serious, just take oil as an example, by the end of 2009, the global reserves have been proved to be available for the exploitation of time is only 45.7 years. At the same time, the massive exploitation and utilization of fossil energy has become one of the main causes of natural environmental pollution and deterioration of the human living environment. The search for new energy sources and the development of social economy have become a hot issue in the world. Among various new energy sources, solar photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of non-pollution, sustainability, large total volume, wide distribution, and various forms of utilization, etc., and has been highly valued by countries all over the world. China's photovoltaic industry in the manufacturing level, industrial system, technology research and development has a good foundation for the development of domestic and international market prospects are generally favorable, as long as to seize the opportunity for development, accelerate the transformation and upgrading, later will usher in a more broad space for development.
(ii) photovoltaic industry, policy and market urgently need to strengthen the interaction
From a global perspective, the recent growth in demand for solar cells is mainly driven by governments' policy support for the photovoltaic industry and price subsidies. Compared with foreign developed countries, China's government to support the application of photovoltaic policy system is still not perfect: has been issued by the planning goals lag behind the development of the industry, the need for timely adjustment; and renewable energy law supporting the tariff policy has not yet been implemented; the market to promote the policy is still insufficient to form a support for the sustainable development of photovoltaic power generation of the long-term mechanism. Currently more than 90% of China's production of solar cells exported to overseas markets, industrial development by the financial crisis and changes in overseas markets have a great impact on the dependence on external markets is too high, not conducive to sustained and healthy development.
(C) industrial development is facing the serious challenge of international trade protection
In recent years, Europe and the United States and other countries have appeared in a number of trade disputes against China's photovoltaic industry, and similar disputes will continue to follow. The main reasons are: First, China's solar cell cost advantage is obvious, the international market share is expanding, the pressure on foreign products; Second, the industry is developing in an orderly manner, individual investment in small and medium-sized enterprises, the quality of their products and environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of the situation is worrisome; Third, the domestic market for photovoltaic products has not yet started on a large scale, the products are mainly exported, easy to trigger dumping concerns; Fourth, China's product standards system is not perfect, the enterprise Self-discipline is not enough, there are uneven levels of product quality and other issues.
(D) new processes, new technologies, the rapid evolution of international competition continues to intensify
The global photovoltaic industry technology development is changing rapidly: crystalline silicon cell conversion efficiency average annual growth of one percentage point; thin-film battery technology continues to improve; nano-materials batteries and other emerging technologies, the rapid development of solar cell production and testing equipment continues to be upgraded. And the domestic photovoltaic industry in many areas there are still large gaps in the international competitive pressure continues to escalate: polysilicon key technologies are still lagging behind the international advanced level, crystalline silicon battery production with high-grade equipment still need to be imported, thin film battery technology and equipment level is obviously backward.
Three, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" main tasks
(a) promote technological progress, transformation and upgrading
Development of clean, safe, low energy consumption, high purity, large-scale polysilicon production technology, to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of by-products in the production process, to narrow the gap with the international production level. Gap. Realize the innovative development of solar cell production technology, encourage large-scale production, and improve the core competitiveness of the photovoltaic industry. Promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the industry. Pay close attention to the technological progress of clean and environmentally friendly new photovoltaic cells and materials, and strengthen technological research and development.
(II) Improve the research and development and application level of domestic equipment and integration technology
To improve product quality, photovoltaic conversion efficiency, and reduce energy consumption as the goal, to support the polysilicon, silicon ingots and wafers, crystalline silicon cell wafers and modules, thin-film batteries, key production equipment, as well as power generation and application of equipment R & D and industrialization, and to strengthen the application of domestically produced equipment. Promote equipment enterprises and photovoltaic product enterprises to strengthen technical cooperation and exchanges.
(C) improve the performance of solar cells, and continuously reduce product costs
Strongly support the research and development and industrialization of low-cost, high-efficiency and long-life crystalline silicon solar cells, reduce the cost of the battery products and the final cost of power generation, and strive to achieve grid parity as soon as possible. Promote silicon-based thin film, copper indium gallium tin thin film and other battery technology progress and industrialization process, improve the conversion efficiency of thin film batteries.
(IV) Promote the application of photovoltaic products and expand the market for photovoltaic power generation
Actively promote the formulation and implementation of feed-in tariff policies, and strengthen the research and development and application of photovoltaic products in the agriculture, transportation, construction and other industries, and support the establishment of a number of distributed photovoltaic power stations, off-grid application systems, BIPV systems, small-scale photovoltaic systems, and encourage the construction and application of large-scale photovoltaic power stations connected to the grid
(V) Improve the construction of supporting service system of PV industry
Establish and improve the supporting service system of standards, patents, testing, certification, etc., strengthen the supervision and service of PV industry, and support the industry's self-regulation and collaboration. Actively participate in the development of international standards, and establish and improve the PV national/industry standard system in line with China's national conditions, including product standards for polysilicon materials and cells/modules, PV production equipment standards and acceptance standards for PV systems. Accelerate the construction of domestic certification, testing and other public **** service platform.
Four, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" development focus
(A) high-purity polysilicon
Support low-energy, low-cost solar-grade polysilicon production technology. On the basis of the existing, through further research, systematic improvement and refinement, the development of stable electronic-grade polysilicon production technology, and the establishment of kiloton electronic-grade polysilicon production line. Breakthroughs in high-efficiency and energy-saving large-scale purification, high-efficiency recycling of hydrogen purification, high-efficiency chemical vapor deposition, comprehensive utilization of polysilicon by-products and other devices and process technologies, and the construction of 10,000-ton high-purity polysilicon production line, with a composite energy consumption of less than 140 degrees/kg.
(ii) silicon anchor silicon wafers
Support high-efficiency, low-cost, low-energy silicon anchor production technology, breakthroughs in silicon wafer thinning technology, improve the quality of silicon wafers.
(C) crystalline silicon cells
Vigorously develop high conversion rate (cell conversion efficiency of 21% or more), long-life crystalline silicon cell technology research and development and industrialization. Focus on the development of low reflectivity velvet preparation technology, laser selective emitter technology and subsequent electrode alignment technology, plasma passivation technology, low-temperature electrode technology, full back junction technology research and application. Focus on thin-film silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction and other new solar cells set of key technologies.
(D) thin-film batteries
Focus on the development of amorphous and microcrystalline combination of laminated and multi-junction thin film batteries. Reduce the photoelectric attenuation of thin-film batteries, encourage enterprises to research and development of large-area high-efficiency silicon thin-film batteries more than 5.5 generations, the development of flexible silicon-based thin-film solar cells roll-to-roll continuous production process. Timely follow-up of copper indium gallium selenide and organic thin-film battery industrialization process, development and mastery of low-cost non-vacuum copper indium gallium tin thin-film battery preparation technology, magnetron sputtering battery preparation technology, vacuum **** evaporation method of battery preparation technology, the scale of manufacturing key processes.
(E) high-efficiency concentrator solar cells
Focus on the development of high-percentage concentrator compound solar cell industrial production technology, concentrator multiples of more than 500 times, industrial production of batteries in non-concentrator conditions with an efficiency of more than 35%, the efficiency of more than 40% of the concentrator conditions, the substrate stripping-type high-percentage concentrator batteries conversion efficiency in the non-concentrator conditions with an efficiency of more than 25%. Breakthroughs in high-percentage concentrator solar cell substrate glass technology, high-efficiency high-percentage concentrator compound solar cell technology, high-percentage concentrator battery testing, analysis and stability control technology, etc., and the timely development of Fresnel and parabolic mirrors and other supporting equipment.
(F) BIPV components
Focus on the development of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic, photovoltaic building integration) component production technology, including building materials that can be directly combined with the building, applied to the roof of the plant, agricultural greenhouses and curtain walls on the double-glass BIPV components, hollow glass components, etc., to address Solve the problems of light transmittance and heat insulation of BIPV modules, and combine them with the principle of aesthetics to design BIPV modules that are aesthetically pleasing, practical, and can be directly used as building materials and components. Expanding the application scope of BAPV (Building Attached Photovoltaic) modules.
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DK丶小柒