Generally used in textile mills. Dyeing and finishing technology is the textile materials (fibers, yarns and fabrics) to chemical treatment-based process. Dyeing and finishing with spinning, weaving or knitting production, forming the whole process of textile production. Dyeing and finishing include pretreatment, dyeing, printing and finishing. The quality of dyeing and finishing has an important impact on the use value of textiles. Pretreatment is also known as practice bleaching, its main purpose is to remove impurities on the textile material, so that the subsequent dyeing, printing, finishing processing can be carried out smoothly, to obtain the desired processing results. Dyeing is through the physical or chemical combination of dyes and fibers to make the textile material has a certain color. Printing is the use of color paste on the textile material to obtain color pattern design. Finishing is through the physical action or the use of chemicals to improve the appearance of the textile luster, form, etc.; to improve the performance of the textile or make the textile has a water-repellent, oil-repellent and other characteristics. Most of the finishing process is in the fabric dyeing and finishing of the latter stage. In woolen textile dyeing and finishing in many pretreatment processes are often classified as finishing category, and finishing is divided into wet finishing and dry finishing. The form of dyeing and finishing The dyeing and finishing process is generally carried out on a single machine. According to the process requirements, some single machines can be connected in turn to form a combined machine for continuous production. Common joint machine is composed of dip rolling, steam steam, washing, drying and other equipment, especially suitable for high-volume product processing. Fabric dyeing and finishing process can be made into a rope, and some of them into the flat state. Rope processing is more efficient, and flat processing is less likely to produce creases. Woolen fabrics and weft knitted fabrics are generally dyed and cleaned in the form of rope. Since knitted fabrics, woolen fabrics, silk fabrics and synthetic fabrics are easily deformed, dyeing and finishing should be processed with as little tension as possible and processed with loose equipment. The nature of dyeing and finishing Most of the processes of dyeing and finishing are chemical processes, and the textile materials should be washed and dried repeatedly after chemical processing, and the consumption of heat energy and water is very large, and the requirements for water quality are relatively high. In the chemical treatment process will also produce harmful substances to pollute the air and water. Therefore, when determining the process and designing the equipment, it is necessary to try to reduce the consumption of heat energy, improve the utilization rate of water and reduce pollution. What is art dyeing and finishing? Recently, art dyeing and finishing has taken off in China's printing and dyeing industry. By y exploring the craft traditions of the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation, extensively drawing on the rich nutrients of the world's diversified cultures, and through independent technological innovation and fashion creativity, constantly advancing the organic fusion of the traditional handmade culture of mankind and modern dyeing and finishing science and technology, we can truly form the art of dyeing and finishing with the characteristics of Chinese originality and possessing independent intellectual property rights. In this way, we can not only improve the added value of our products, but also gain a new competitive advantage in the fierce market competition. What is art dyeing and finishing? Art Dyeing and Finishing is an emerging discipline branch with the nature of "humanistic dyeing and finishing", which is different from traditional tie-dye, batik, blue printing and industrial printing and dyeing, and has the multiple attributes of art and science, folk art and fashion. The rich and colorful traditional craft techniques and standardized and controllable production process have the openness of fringe cross-discipline and craft integration. Free creation of plane dyeing graphics, improvisation of creative three-dimensional texture aesthetics, and flexible technology of international fashion popularity are the important support for the formation of visual differentiation of aesthetic style of art dyeing and finishing. The core technology of art dyeing and finishing is modern tie-dyeing (a kind of finishing technology represented by Nantong tie-dyeing style, breaking through the tradition and creating a new tradition of tie-dyeing), which is divided into stranded-valve dip-dyeing, aggregation dip-dyeing, hanging-dyeing, section-dyeing, digital dyeing and colorful plant-dyeing technology, etc., based on the standard of dyeing art form. When designers create modern tie-dyeing, one or several processes can be applied independently and cross-applied, and can also be combined with other dyeing and finishing technologies and digital technologies such as paint printing, transfer printing, computer embroidery, digital spray painting, laser engraving, etc., to form an integrated and comprehensive process that is very characteristic of the times, full of efficiency, flexible changes and rich in expressive power, which can be widely applied to natural fibers such as silk, cotton, wool, hemp, etc. and modified polyester, interwoven blended fabrics, and other materials, which can be widely used in the dyeing and finishing process. Polyester, interwoven blends and green ecological fabrics and fashion apparel products deep processing, and with the aesthetic advantage of visual differentiation, support designers to create their own unique artistic style. Modern lifestyle triggered by the transmutation of craft leisure clothing style and fashion globalization, but also on China's textile fabric finishing technology upgrading, clothing design language innovation and business model change puts forward new requirements. e era of drastic changes in lifestyle, the pursuit of fashionable personalized emotional consumption, and further intensify the competition for differentiation of apparel products. At the same time, the maturity of the consumer concept makes homogenization and low-priced products give way to differentiated products with artistic taste, higher grade and can show personality. This is an important market background and humanistic environment for the formation of art dyeing and finishing innovation and visual aesthetic style. Art dyeing and finishing combines the spirit of Chinese national craft culture with spinning and dyeing technology, modern design principles and digital technology, and through the visual differentiation of aesthetic creation and modern tie-dye research and development, it has become a brand-new form of craft expression and means of creative design favored by the designers of garments and home textiles. In recent years, the rise of China's modern tie-dye industry group represented by Nantong tie-dye's elegant and exquisite fashion style with rich color rhyme has initially formed a brand-new industry pattern of art dyeing and finishing with unique Chinese cultural characteristics and serving the international mainstream fashion. This kind of artistic, personalized fabrics, clothing finishing technology, through the discovery of the beauty of the Oriental art mood and the Western art form sense, concern, understanding and meet the needs of modern people's spiritual level of humanistic care. In recent years, domestic and foreign fashion fabrics, clothing design in the fabric recycling and cultural creativity has been emphasized by the industry. Whether in the PV exhibition, or in the domestic fashion show, what is amazing is not only the functional breakthrough of fabrics brought by spinning and dyeing high-tech, but also a distinctive regional national culture style conveying a new appearance with artistic personality and formal beauty. From the new product design, we y feel the charm of modern tie-dye craft culture known as "art dyeing and finishing", and at the same time, we can see that this kind of craft, which explores the organic combination of traditional craft connotation and modern design concept, has been given unprecedented attention and application by Chinese and foreign designers. 2005, the National Textile Product Development Center published a report on "2005 China Textile Product Development Report" in the following year. In 2005, the National Textile Product Development Center pointed out in the "2005 China Textile Product Development Report" that: art dyeing and finishing in China's textile and garment industry chain, between textile dyeing and finishing and the end market of fashionable craft garments and home textile products, is a new kind of dyeing and finishing culture born in response to and to meet the demand for personalized consumption in post-industrial era, showing that textile and garment industry has gone from the traditional handmade form to the modern industrialization, and then entered into the new cultural return and spiraling upward history in the post-industrial era. It shows that the textile and garment industry has gone from traditional handmade form to modern industrialization, and then entered into the post-industrial era with a new historical development trajectory of cultural return and spiral upward, and it has the distinctive characteristics of modern science and technology and art creation interpenetration ****generation of "creative industry". It is important to break the dependence of China's textile enterprises on the traditional path of export processing of low-grade fabrics, promote textile enterprises to pay attention to the improvement of the original design capability of fabrics and fashion creativity, and correctly introduce the competitive ideas of product personalization, dyeing and finishing art, and process differentiation, so as to increase the value-added of exported products. The formation of artistic dyeing and finishing process innovation and visual aesthetic differentiation style provides a new development way out for China's textile and garment industry to comply with the international competition in the market, improve the added value of the products, and obtain a new competitive advantage. Dyeing and finishing technology and new progress in textile ecology People from the dyeing and finishing processing equipment, processing agents and processing technology and other aspects of the ongoing research, has made a lot of achievements, such as inkjet printing technology, enzyme preparation in the processing of the application, no formaldehyde release of the new processing agents, clean production technology and so on. At the same time, the concept of textile ecology was proposed. Textile ecology mainly refers to the study of the textile production process on people and the environment, textiles in wearing, the use of the process of human health and environmental impact, as well as how to deal with discarded textiles, its dyes and a variety of chemicals or additives with what will happen to change, what is the impact on the environment and so on. Against this background, people have further paid great attention to the role of textiles in improving the quality of human life, believing that textiles should play a positive role in human health, and should have the properties of comfort, cleanliness, safety and medical effects. Its main development trends are reflected in the following aspects. UV protection products are favored Over the years, the cosmetics and textile industries have attached great importance to the protection of human skin from ultraviolet radiation in the sun. With the gradual depletion of the earth's atmospheric ozone layer (about 30km from the ground at the thickest), every 10 years 4% to 6% depletion, the hole continues to expand and people's lifestyles, outdoor activities, etc., caused by ultraviolet radiation will undoubtedly increase skin cancer. Therefore, in recent years, in addition to skin care lotions in the cosmetics industry, the UV protection function of textiles has been placed in a very important position. Ultraviolet (UV) rays account for 6% of sunlight, and its exposure to the human body is the main cause of skin cancer. Ultraviolet wavelength range of 100 ~ 400nm, of which the wavelength of 320 ~ 400nm for the UVA, 290 ~ 320nm for the UVB, 100 ~ 290nm for the UVC. UVA irradiation through the surface of the skin and harm the following layer, so that the skin roughness, blistering, relaxation, wrinkles, etc. and lead to premature aging of the skin, but also skin cancer lesions; World Health Organization The World Health Organization predicts that each year, the world can be diagnosed as non-melanoma skin tumor cases of about 2 million to 3 million; malignant skin cancer about 132,000 cases. Fabrics and clothing can provide a certain degree of blocking the role of the sun, the degree of blocking varies with specific conditions. Such as fiber varieties, fabric thickness, pore size, fabric dyes, fluorescent whitening agents, chemical fibers in the matting agent TiO2, and the impact of washing factors. In general, polyester and wool have better UV protection than silk, nylon, cotton or viscose. The coverage of the fabric can be determined by graphical analysis. The UV transmission of UV-protective clothing is controlled at less than 6%, and if the transmission is as low as 2.5%, the protection is excellent. A conventional light cotton T-shirt, ultraviolet transmittance of about 15% to 20%, wet for more than 50%. Workwear fabrics have many functions Workwear varieties can be roughly divided into indoor or outdoor workwear, as well as indoor and outdoor can be applied. Outdoor workwear requires resistance to heat, wind, weather and ultraviolet radiation. Most of the industrial production occasions are easy to dirty and stained, so the requirements of good protection, some workplaces also require work clothes flame retardant, anti-static, or can block chemicals and pesticides and so on. Medical workwear requires different treatments according to different levels of protection, such as antibacterial, antiviral, liquid repellent, anti-infiltration of blood or body fluids, flame-retardant, moisture permeability and so on. Regardless of the occasion, workwear should meet the requirements of the wearer's health and safety, so it needs to be antimicrobial and comfortable. At the same time, since workwear is washed frequently, it should be easy to care for. In addition to modern workplaces, the aesthetics of the workwear should also be considered. High standards for popular fabricsDue to changes in lifestyles, consumer requirements for popular (fashion) textiles have also changed. In recent years, consumer demand for popular clothing or fashion is to look more casual, but the aesthetics, comfort, health and safety, protection and ease of care is a high standard requirements, that is to say, the dyeing and finishing requirements for clothing fabrics continue to improve. Therefore, soft, oil-repellent, water-repellent finishing as well as health-enhancing finishing have seen new developments. Finishing of silk fabrics, there are also major changes, in addition to the very important wrinkle resistance, especially wet wrinkle resistance, further requirements for stain resistance, flame retardant and anti-microbial properties. New advances in textile ecology in order to protect consumer health, some countries have taken a number of measures: such as the development of the determination of residues in the fabric of chemical toxicity and allergenicity of the method; prohibit the application of health-affecting chemicals; restrictions on the application of questionable chemicals, etc.; eco-efficiency analysis, that is, the sustainability of the product from the ecological and economic aspects of the analysis; the immobilization of enzyme treatment to improve the dyeing performance of wool, that is, to improve the dyeing rate, reduce strength, and so on. Improve the dyeing rate and reduce the loss of strength; Combine biochemical treatment and membrane technology to treat waste water from printing and dyeing factories to achieve the effect of waste water reuse; Physical treatment of textile surfaces with atmospheric pressure plasma technology to manufacture technical textiles. Smart textile prospects Textiles with a certain or several functions can be regarded as a class of smart textiles. For example, textiles with anti-bacterial, anti-ultraviolet, from the fold back (shape memory) and other properties. Protective clothing is clothing made of smart textiles. In addition to clothing, there are also biomedical materials, and products combined with the electronics industry are smart. Nanotechnology is wonderful Nanotechnology is said to be the key technology of the 21st century. 1 nanometer is equivalent to one billionth of a meter, and the diameter of a hair can accommodate 10,000 to 12,000 nanoparticles. For comparison, the diameter of a modern microfiber is 1/80 to 100 of a hair. the TiO2 particles now used for UV finishing are 500 nm, which is already very fine. The application of nanotechnology allows substances as hard as stone to be added to the spinning melt, dipped and rolled onto fabrics, and applied to fabrics in the form of coatings. It can be seen that nanotechnology will make great changes in the processing of textiles, producing unexpected results.
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