Introduction to Human-Computer Dialogue and Question-Answering Techniques for Health Qualification Examination 2017
In 2017, the examination of 4 subjects, namely, basic knowledge, relevant professional knowledge, professional knowledge and professional practice ability in 73 specialties, including clinical medicine as well as Chinese pharmacy at junior (bachelor's degree), junior (master's degree), intermediate level, and Chinese medicine nursing at junior (master's degree), intermediate level, was conducted by means of Human-Computer Dialogue (HCD). The 4 subjects of the other 45 specialties are conducted by pen and paper. The following is the introduction of the health qualification examination human-computer dialogues and answering skills that I bring to you, welcome to read.
(a) Introduction to human-computer dialogue
In 2017, the examination of basic knowledge, relevant professional knowledge, professional knowledge and professional practice ability of 73 specialties in the clinical medicine and Chinese pharmacy junior (doctor), junior (teacher), intermediate, Chinese medicine nursing junior (teacher), intermediate, etc. were conducted by human-computer dialogue in the form of four subjects. The use of human-computer dialogue mode, the other 45 specialties of the four subjects using paper and pencil answer mode.
Many candidates first contact with the human-computer dialogue test form, then the human-computer dialogue test how to test, the human-computer dialogue test what precautions and answering skills, the test bar for the candidates are organized as follows:
The human-computer dialogue test is the direction of the development of the domestic and foreign medical examination, is the implementation of the examination with the help of computers and network technology, a form of testing management; it can be based on the needs of the examination design, targeted, and the test can be conducted by the computer and network technology, the test can be conducted by the computer and network technology. Examination design needs, targeted propositioning, volume formation, and complete a series of test presentation, acceptance of answers, scoring, data analysis and interpretation of results. Its features include: ① image: artificial intelligence devices, the use of simulation systems to make the human-computer dialogue test more vivid, intuitive; ② simplicity: through the computer system, omitting the candidate card link and complicated marking work, saving a lot of time and money; ③ security: random group volume, the alternative answers to the order of the disruption, and effectively guard against cheating; ④ scientific: a more timely detection of the test's The test can be conducted in a timely manner to test the credibility and validity of the test, to ensure the accuracy of the test data, to exclude the influence of human factors, so that the test scores are true and reliable; ⑤ Economy: the human-computer dialogue test reduces the printing of the test paper, transportation and other processes, can save a lot of manpower and material resources.
The human-computer dialogue examination system provides a close? Foolproof? Even so, familiarize yourself with the operation of the test system and question types before the test is still necessary.
The questions on the HMI test are the same as those on the paper-and-pencil test, and are objective multiple-choice questions. Man-machine dialogue examination of the new question type (case study questions) will be subjective objective, on the one hand, inherited the advantages of multiple-choice questions, such as high reliability and efficiency, fast results, easier to do data analysis and provide information feedback, etc.; on the other hand, the case study questions focus on the examination of the candidates' ability to comprehensively apply the knowledge of the irreversibility of the answer through the computer to achieve a more close to the reality of the clinical scenario.
The human-computer dialogue examination breaks through the traditional examination methods to express the limitations of the form of the test questions, it uses sound, video, graphics and other multimedia forms, truly visual and auditory combination of text and images, with the help of typical cases and a variety of vivid images (such as typical signs, X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, etc.) to create a close to the clinical reality of the environment, through the computer display, the candidate while observing, analyzing, analyzing, and providing information feedback. Candidates while observing, analyzing, judging, and answering questions, can be more comprehensive and truly reflect the ability and level of candidates to solve clinical problems.
The human-computer dialogue of the examination can also accurately control the examination time, set the time once exhausted, the computer will automatically close the paper, any candidate can not continue to answer, to ensure that the examination time of the fairness of all candidates. During the whole process of the man-machine dialogue examination, the progress of answering questions and the remaining time of the examination will be displayed at the bottom of the computer screen, which is convenient for the candidates to control the speed of answering questions and mastering time. For the health professionals to participate in the examination, in addition to mastering the professional knowledge and professional practice ability, should also master the basic operation of the computer, familiar with the form of human-computer dialogue examination, the question type and characteristics, in order to achieve good results.
(2) Exam operation and answering skills
1. The first thing you need to know is the content of the exam screen.
(1) summary of the display part: the summary display is located in the upper part of the screen, generally used to display the case of the test descriptive text, as the clinical medicine question type for? Case summary? , the summary of the case of the question does not end before the question always exists, in order to provide information for the candidates at any time. When the next case question appears its automatic disappearance.
(2) prompts, questions and answers part of the operation: the part is located in the middle of the screen. Tips, mainly in conjunction with the questions asked, to provide some reference material, generally reflecting changes in the condition or the results of auxiliary tests. Question, that is, the candidates need to answer the question, usually 6 to 12 alternative answers, the candidates according to the alternative answers provided directly.
(3) picture display: the picture can be medical imaging, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, pathology slides and physical pictures. As a reference material for answering questions, when the bottom right of the screen prompts to call the picture, click with the mouse or press the key to change the screen to display the picture.
(4) the call of the calculator: the examination process, some of the questions may need to carry out simple four operations, such as: unit conversion, dose calculation. At this point, you can use the mouse to click or press the key to call on the screen? Calculator?
(5) operation tips: operation tips are located in the lower part of the screen, prompting the test remaining time, the amount of questions, the current progress of answering questions, using the form of two moving lines, one indicates the progress of answering questions (answer progress bar), the other indicates the progress of the time (time progress bar), through the comparison of the two lengths or completion of the percentage of the image to reflect the answer with the use of time in the actual test! Pay attention to the progress of the two lines of speed, if the progress of the time progress bar faster than the progress of the answer bar reflects the candidate's answer slower.
2. Note
(1) the unidirectionality of the examination process: in the conduct of? specialized knowledge? Subject examination, in a certain question type (such as ? single choice questions?) The test process, the candidate is able to view at any time, modify the question type of any question within the choice of the answer, and once the confirmation of the completion of the answer, into a new question type (such as the end of the?). Single-choice questions? and enter? Indeterminate Choice Questions?) ), the candidate will not be able to return to the previous test question type (? Multiple Choice?) to review and revise answers. In the case of? Professional Practice Skills subject test, for each case study question, the next question can only be seen after completing the previous question, and it is not possible to view and modify the answer to the previous question after confirming the completion of the next question (e.g., when confirming the completion of the first question, the candidate will not be able to return to the previous question to view and modify the answer). question l? and go to the next question. Question 2? After confirming the completion of Question 2, the candidate is unable to review or modify his/her answers to Question 2. Q1? ). Candidates are therefore required to answer carefully and thoughtfully.
The examination process is ? The principle of one-way operation is based on three main reasons. The principle of one-way operation, mainly for three considerations: First, simulation of clinical, close to the clinic. Such as the doctor's orders, the nurse has been implemented, it can not be changed; Secondly, because of the unidirectional nature of the examination process, so that the idea of the proposition is greatly broadened, the questions are interrelated, a ring ring, so that the candidates feel such as in the reality of the work of the patient for inspection, diagnosis, treatment; Thirdly, because of the coherence of the questions asked by the characteristics of the question, the questions asked after the questions are often already expressed or implied in the previous question answers, so do not allow candidates to And then return to modify. After many years of practice has proved that the examination process one-way sex is fully in line with the characteristics of the health professional skills test.
(2) Interruption of the examination: candidates in the examination process for special reasons, with the consent of the supervising teacher, can be supervised by the teacher according to the relevant key to interrupt the examination. If it is not a machine failure, the next exam must use the same machine, and can only choose to continue the exam at the breakpoint.
3. Answer skills summarized, a series of multiple multiple choice questions have the following characteristics:
First, the question series. Test questions around a case and gradually lead to a series of clinical problems related to the case. Such as through a case summary, around ? Babbling, abnormal behavior for 2 hours? Some of the problems, starting from the emergency room to see the patient, until the diagnosis and treatment program, leading to a series of questions, can involve the clinical manifestations of the disease, history taking, mental status examination, as well as the evolution of the disease process of examination, diagnosis and treatment.
Second, the authenticity of the case. Test questions are based on actual clinical cases, through appropriate? The first is that the test questions are based on actual clinical cases, through appropriate processing. The first is the actual clinical case, through the appropriate processing. The content of the test questions are common in the following nine aspects:
(1) the basic theory of medicine related to the specialty, such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pathology and immunology. The form in which the test questions appear may be purely theoretical questions, or the theory may be carried through the actual clinical problems.
(2) Clinical theories, knowledge, etc. of the specialty.
(3) Common examination findings.
(4) Analysis of common examination results, mainly clinical tests, biochemistry, immunology, bacteriology, pathology and other tests.
(5) Common image data, mainly X-ray flat film, X-ray radiography, electrocardiography, ultrasound, CT, MRI, nuclide examination and so on.
(6) Diagnosis of common diseases in the specialty, treatment and handling of acute and critical illnesses, etc.
(7) Clinical pharmacology and use of drugs commonly used in the specialty, which may appear in the test questions in the form of direct questions about pharmacology or measuring the candidate's knowledge of clinical pharmacology by how to choose drugs.
(8) Indications and contraindications for common surgical procedures, preoperative preparation, postoperative management and knowledge of common postoperative complications.
(9) Clinical problems of common related specialties.
Third, the sequence of questions. Each case test questions, questions and questions often have a close coherence between a ring, a ring, so in answering the question to pay attention to the old days, reminiscent of the previous questions that have been answered. If the solution deviates from the idea, according to this law to be adjusted in a timely manner.
3 scoring principles / solution insight
(c) scoring principles
Select all the correct options to full marks; select part of the correct options to give part of the score; select the wrong option deductions until
will be the sub-question deducted to zero points until; select the invalid answer is not a score, nor deductions. The scoring is automated by the computer.
(D) problem-solving insight
The test and no know-how to speak of, the key lies in the weekdays to study hard, diligently study, pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge and clinical experience. On this basis, to understand some of the examination of the general knowledge and other people's experience and lessons, pay attention to the examination of the easy to ignore the problem, master the correct method of examination, on the improvement of the examination results is a great benefit.
Computer-assisted examination of a variety of question types, but regardless of how the examination of the question type changes, the purpose is to test the candidates on the clinical knowledge and skills of the specialty mastery. Clinical medical specialty examination? Case allow analysis questions? Candidates reflect the difficulty, now the type of questions as an example, the examination and answer a few comments.
1. Consult past candidates, learn from experience
The accumulation of knowledge can generally be obtained through direct experience and indirect experience, through the understanding, ask past candidates, they can talk about their test experience and easy to lose points, on this basis, good preparation.
2. Ideas from fuzzy to clear as the questioner, mainly through the analysis of the case and the evolution of the treatment of the disease, to arrive at a correct diagnosis and treatment plan. Therefore, the general law of the question is to diagnose the information needed to gradually add and improve the process, the idea from a wide range of gradually clear, and finally give the diagnosis and treatment. In addition to the above, the consistency of the question, each case study question, questions and questions often have a close coherence, so in answering the question should pay attention to the previous questions have been answered by associating. If the solution deviates from the idea, according to this law to be adjusted in time.
3. carefully do each year's demo test questions, through the test questions to analyze the depth and breadth of the examination of your specialty
For example, compared to the 2009 and 2008 practice disk, it is assumed that the psychiatric test bank has changed, the depth of the examination has changed. The comparison can guide your revision ideas and depth. For example, the weighting of organic disorders in the 2009 Psychiatry Specialty Exam will be greater than that of the 2008 exam. The perspective of the examination will be changed from psychometrics and the application of electroencephalography to the basic knowledge of the test, such as exercise disk had appeared? How do craniopharyngeal tumors occur Age of prevalence of craniopharyngeal tumors Craniopharyngeal tumors account for approximately what percentage of pituitary tumors? When looking at these questions it should be assumed that histopathology and the basics of organic disease, i.e., mental illness, will likely account for a certain `percentage' of the questions, and that such questions will be single-choice, not multiple-choice, and that answering such questions should be approached with caution. Whoever selects more than one answer will predict a score of 0 for this sub-question.In view of this, it will guide our revision. The exam results confirmed that this was indeed the case.
4. close to the question, but not too much extension of the unknown conditions In general, each question in the test only provide candidates with *** count not
more than four or five hundred words of reference information, but its words contain a wealth of content, the answer to the question should be based on this is to prove that the formation of the source of the 2 definite ideas. Therefore, it is vital to read these hundreds of words carefully. Mistakes most often occur when you start answering without understanding the information well. The correct way of thinking is to use the existing conditions in the test question, as much as possible in a timely manner to summarize the characteristics of the scattered information, in order to grasp the outline of the identification, and accurately answer the question.
5. From the actual clinical work, avoid imaginary professional level of computer-aided examination is a simulation of the actual clinical examination method, therefore, when a case test questions displayed in front of the candidates, the candidates should put themselves in the actual clinical work, the face of the test questions, as with the treatment of real patients, so that the answer to the question is closer to the actual. From the practical at the same time, should also pay attention to standardized working methods. Each candidate's hospital conditions are different, different requirements, traditional habits are different, the actual work of the method is different. However, as a candidate should not only emphasize the habits of their own hospitals and neglect the requirements of the norms, which is a very fatal mistake. In answering the questions, pay special attention to the standardized working methods. This is because the test questions originate from the practical and are above the practical. In addition, focus on the principle of diagnosis and treatment, today's rapidly changing scientific research, new research theories emerge, but the answer should follow the currently recognized, authoritative principles of diagnosis and treatment, do not say that a certain magazine, a certain author said that a certain drug can be used as a standard of diagnosis and treatment.
6. Accurate understanding of the question, do not answer the question before the answer to the question to carefully read the question, accurately comprehend the thoughts of the proposer, from which to find out the answer to the question of information. For example? What are the best tests that should be carried out first in an emergency? The key in this l2 u? Emergency medical care? What are the best tests to perform in an emergency? What are the best tests? What are the best tests to perform in an emergency? First? What's the best thing to do? What checks? These nine words. The proposers limited the questions to a particular patient who was in an? emergency? situation, not a general outpatient or inpatient ward: ? Preferably? ,? first? The items to be examined, because in an emergency situation, the physician is first required to make a diagnosis of the patient's illness with the simplest, quickest tests:? Which tests? refers to more than two tests, not one. You should form your own ideas based on the elements in the question in conjunction with the case summary and prompts. Special attention should be paid to the following in understanding the questioning:
(1) Care should be taken to distinguish between common qualifiers in the questioning: such as ? Which examination? with? Which (what) kind of check? and? Which diagnosis? And? Which diagnosis? What is the treatment? Which treatments? and? Which treatment? What is the main cause? What are the main causes? and? Possible causes? or? Primary diagnosis? versus? What diagnoses to consider? What is the best diagnosis? Optimal? What are the best diagnoses? General? What is the best diagnosis? What's the first thing to consider? And? Consider? and other words, the question will directly prompt you to choose the number and requirements.
(2) Pay attention to non-qualifying words in the question: such as? What check?
(3) to pay attention to the opposite question: most of the questions are aimed at the right question how to choose, but sometimes the proposers intentionally put forward a number of wrong questions for candidates to choose. Such as? Which of the following is wrong? In the answer, be especially careful, otherwise, it will be all the correct answers to choose, and did not choose the wrong answer, hand in the paper after the remorse.
(4) to pay attention to the two kinds of questions co-existing questions: two kinds of questions such as examination and diagnosis, examination and treatment, diagnosis and treatment. At this point, the candidate should respond to the question in a comprehensive manner, and never neglect any aspect of it.
7. To answer carefully, do not take it lightly from the structure of the test question, the alternative answer has the right, wrong and invalid three choices. From the point of view of the examination scoring, selected the correct answer to score, selected the wrong answer to deduct points, omitted to select the correct answer does not give points. In terms of the way the exam is programmed, once the candidate has made the choices for examination, diagnosis and treatment and pressed ? OK? After the key can not be returned to modify, which is designed to mimic the clinical reality. For example, a patient with a history of severe penicillin allergy, the physician neglected to give the medical advice intramuscular penicillin, the nurse did not discriminate strictly according to the medical advice, penicillin injection has been injected into the patient's body. At this time, the problem should not be to change the past has been implemented in the medical advice, but the implementation of the new rescue advice, so the examination where the implementation of the end (pressed?). The next question? button) cannot be returned to modify the question. It is important to recognize the structure of a series of multiple-choice questions, to understand how the exam is scored, and to develop the concept of a programmed exam. Because each correct answer holds a certain number of points, so we should strive to answer more; because the answer to the wrong option to deduct points, so be careful; and because the procedural examination can only go forward, can not go backward, so again think twice. The author observes the diagnostic process commonly found in several extreme forms, the exam is difficult to score high marks, should be avoided. ① overconfidence, subjective and arbitrary, emphasizing intuition, for the disease in the collection of diagnostic information is not comprehensive enough under the condition of easy diagnosis. This kind of thinking candidates are often too careless, careless, regardless of the question, the edge of the selection, resulting in more wrong answers. ② overly cautious and careful, indecisive, repeated weighing, this disease is possible, that disease can not be ruled out, the result is a list of multiple diagnoses, it seems to be all-encompassing but can not solve the actual problem, and can not give a clear treatment plan. Candidates with this type of thinking are often overly cautious, fear of mistakes, looking forward and backward, rather than just choose the accurate, and thus missed. (iii) Over-emphasis on one's actual experience, over-expansion, offering one's own unique diagnosis and insights into the individual symptoms and individual regressions offered, and walking into a narrow alley without turning back. A person's experience inevitably has limitations because it arises from the comparison of one's own clinical practice and is influenced by one's own conditions of practice and degree of practice. Therefore, when applying one's own experience, one should only be guided by it and should not absolutize it, and it can be a cause of misdiagnosis if one is totally stuck to one's own limited experience. Candidates holding this type of thinking cannot adjust their diagnostic thinking in a timely manner and thus go into the wrong zone. The above types of diagnostic thinking are reflected in low achievement scores during the examination process, and are reflected in overly cautious or careless diagnostic thinking in the clinic, narrow or uncritical thinking, misdiagnosis, and waste of medical resources. In a sense, wrong answer means misdiagnosis, or using the examination and treatment measures that should not be used, resulting in the clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of lost opportunities, causing more pain or fatal injuries to patients. Obviously, these situations, the test score will not be high, want to change this situation, improve theoretical knowledge and clinical skills is the key, can not be attributed to bad luck.
Disease is possible, the disease can not be ruled out, the result is a list of multiple diagnoses, seems to be comprehensive but can not solve the actual problem, and can not give a clear treatment plan. With this kind of thinking candidates tend to be overly cautious, fear of mistakes, looking forward and backward, rather than just choose the accurate, and thus missed. (iii) Over-emphasis on one's actual experience, over-expansion, offering one's own unique diagnosis and insights into the individual symptoms and individual regressions offered, and walking into a narrow alley without turning back. A person's experience inevitably has limitations because it arises from the comparison of one's own clinical practice and is influenced by one's own conditions of practice and degree of practice. Therefore, when applying one's own experience, one should only be guided by it and should not absolutize it, and it can be a cause of misdiagnosis if one is totally stuck to one's own limited experience. Candidates holding this type of thinking cannot adjust their diagnostic thinking in a timely manner and thus go into the wrong zone. The above types of diagnostic thinking are reflected in low achievement scores during the examination process, and are reflected in overly cautious or careless diagnostic thinking in the clinic, narrow or uncritical thinking, misdiagnosis, and waste of medical resources. In a sense, wrong answer means misdiagnosis, or using the examination and treatment measures that should not be used, resulting in the clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of lost opportunities, causing more pain or fatal injuries to patients. Obviously, these situations, the test score will not be high, want to change this situation, improve theoretical knowledge and clinical skills is the key, can not be attributed to bad luck.
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