Used as oxidizer, deodorizer, biocide, preservative, bleach and so on. Chlorine dioxide is favored because of its strong bactericidal ability, no harm to humans and animals, as well as the environment does not cause secondary pollution and other characteristics. Chlorine dioxide is not only a non-carcinogenic broad-spectrum environmentally friendly bactericidal disinfectant, but also in sterilization, food preservation, deodorization and other aspects of the performance of significant results.
Chlorine dioxide can also be used for bleaching, such as textile and papermaking yuan using chlorine bleaching can be replaced by chlorine dioxide.
The main use of chlorine dioxide in the disinfection of tap water, and flour and wood pulp bleaching.
It is very effective against viruses, bacteria, and cysts and oocysts caused by protozoa including Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium.
Chlorine dioxide has been widely used since 1956, when Brussels, Belgium, switched from chlorine gas to chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant for tap water.
Chlorine dioxide was used to remove dangerous mold from flooded homes after Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans. And on March 6, 2006, the Chinese government previewed chlorine dioxide as a tap water disinfectant.
1. Sterilization and disinfection
1) Disinfection of drinking water Chlorine dioxide is a very effective water purifier to purify drinking water, which includes good deodorization and decoloration ability, high efficiency bactericidal and virucidal ability at low concentration. Chlorine dioxide is used for water disinfection, in its concentration of 0.5 ~ 1mg / L, within 1 minute can be 99% of the bacteria in the water, sterilization effect of chlorine 10 times, sodium hypochlorite 2 times, the ability to inhibit viruses than chlorine 3 times higher than the ozone 1.9 times higher. Chlorine dioxide also has a rapid sterilization, pH range (6-10), not affected by water hardness and salt how much, can maintain a long time of sterilization, can efficiently destroy protozoa, spores, mold, algae and biofilm, does not generate chlorinated phenols and trihalomethanes, can be oxidized many organic compounds, thereby reducing the toxicity of the water and mutagenic properties of a variety of features.
(2) sterilization of air Air contains a large number of bacteria that can cause disease, especially in the catering industry places and food processing plant production workshop air microbial species and the number of complex, for these microorganisms are commonly used is the ultraviolet sterilization, but due to the relative humidity of the indoor air, the ultraviolet sterilization effect is not ideal. Chlorine dioxide preparation of strong sterilizing ability, rapid decomposition without residue, very suitable for the food industry and food processing industry related places of air spray sterilization and disinfection. In addition, spring and autumn are colds, bronchitis and other infectious diseases of the season, you can use chlorine dioxide to disinfect the environment, not only can kill pathogenic microorganisms, but also eliminate odors, fresh air. Therefore, chlorine dioxide is very ideal to prevent "SARS" environmental disinfectant.
(3) kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment disinfection kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment, containers, etc., if not thoroughly disinfected, it is easy to cause contamination of food, resulting in the occurrence of food poisoning. Use chlorine dioxide to disinfect kitchen utensils, food machinery and equipment, containers, etc., can kill Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and so on.
(4) in the medical field Chlorine dioxide is used for oral gargling, which can effectively control gingivitis, plaque bacteria and bad breath, used as a sitz bath or rinsing, which can prevent a variety of diseases, and so on. In the 1998 flood relief, flood fighters with chlorine dioxide disinfectant solution to wash their faces, sit in the bath, wipe their bodies, soak their feet, soak their underwear, etc., and its magical effect has been verified again. Practice has proved that chlorine dioxide on the prevention and treatment of pink eye, skin diseases and deodorization have good results.
(5) disinfection of aquaculture, livestock and poultry breeding: chlorine dioxide aquaculture chemicals can be used for the treatment of fish, shrimp, crabs, snappers, frogs and other bacterial and viral diseases. Carp, grass, eel, tilapia and other red skin, rotting gills, hemorrhagic septicemia, enteritis, rotting tail, water mold disease, etc.; shrimp viral diseases, black gill, white disease, printing disease, etc.; crab rotting gills, edema, enteritis, on the shore syndrome, trembling, etc.; snapper rotting skin disease, red, white substrate disease, hemorrhagic disease, perforation disease, etc.; frogs, skin disease, ophthalmopathy, and other diseases with a unique efficacy, and to remove the odor in the water to improve the quality of the water, increase the It can also remove odor, improve water quality and increase the oxygen content of the water body.
Bactericidal effect: Chlorine dioxide is a broad-spectrum, efficient sterilizing agent. Many foreign research results show that chlorine dioxide in very low concentrations (0.1ppm), can kill many pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Even in the interference of organic matter, in the use of the concentration of tens of ppm, can completely kill bacterial propagules, hepatitis viruses, phages and bacterial spores and other microorganisms.
Chlorine dioxide disinfectant application history
Human use of chemical disinfectants for sterilization began in the early 19th century. 1820, the first generation of chemical disinfectant bleach, people will be mainly used for drinking water disinfection and treatment of infected wounds, and achieved good results, opened up the first milestone of chemical sterilization. Since then, people have discovered the second generation of disinfectant ethylene oxide, the third generation of disinfectant glutaraldehyde. A new generation of high-efficiency chemical disinfectant finally came out in a thousand calls, which is known as the fourth generation of sterilization and disinfection agent chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide was born in 1811, people did not use it to sterilize and disinfect in the early years, until around 1940 after the industrial production of sodium hypochlorite, people began to use on a large scale. 1940 Niagara Falls in the United States was the first to use it to deal with drinking water, and achieved good results, and then quickly spread to the world. People one after another found that the use of chlorine for drinking water disinfection, the organic matter in the water and chlorine will occur substitution reaction, the generation of organochlorine compounds, organochlorine will be accumulated in the human body to produce chronic cumulative poisoning, but also induced cancer, the World Environmental Protection Alliance is about to impose a total ban on the use of chlorine for the disinfection of drinking water, it is recommended to use a wide range, with a strong oxidizing high-efficiency disinfectant chlorine dioxide for the disinfection of drinking water. Chlorine dioxide has been listed by the United Nations Health Organization (WHO) as A Ⅰ disinfectant.
China's application of chlorine dioxide disinfection technology began in the eighties. 1987, Guangdong Provincial Health Supervision Department approved its use in food disinfection, preservation and disinfection of food equipment, utensils. 1990 Shanghai Health Administration approved its use in water treatment, food processing and aquaculture, deodorization and so on. China's Ministry of Health also clearly put forward before 2000, gradually replace chlorine with chlorine dioxide for the disinfection of drinking water. Chlorine dioxide is also listed as an important chlorine disinfectant to prevent SARS.
Disinfectant comparison
The following table lists the chlorine dioxide disinfectant and other disinfectants commonly used comparison: Performance Chlorine dioxide chlorine preparation quaternary ammonium peroxide acetic acid bactericidal power can kill all microorganisms, including bacterial spores can be killed all bacterial organisms, the high concentration of bacterial spores can be killed can be killed most of the bacterial organisms, the bacterial spores and phages are ineffective can be killed all microorganisms, including the spores, the bacterial spores, the concentration of 30-200ppm is commonly used. Spores Common Concentrations 30-200ppm 250-1500ppm 1000-5000ppm 2000-20000ppm Toxicity Non-toxic Moderately toxic Low toxicity Low toxicity Low toxicity Tertiary effects No Yes No Yes Organic interference Small Large Small Small pH effect Small Large, > 8.5 Failure Small Large Temperature effect Below 50°C Below 50°C Small Large Corrosion Stainless steel no corrosion Strong corrosion in metal Corrosion No corrosion Strong corrosion in metal Strong corrosion in metal Corrosion No corrosion Metal has strong corrosion Skin sensitization No Yes No Yes Residual No Yes Yes Yes Odor Slightly chlorine dioxide odor Strong chlorine odor No Strong acetic acid odor Cost Low Low Expensive Higher Stability Stable Unstable, easy to decompose Stable Unstable, flammable and explosive Resistance No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2, Vegetables, meat sterilization, preservation. Fruits and vegetables in chlorine dioxide solution immersed for a moment, that can kill microorganisms and do not react with fatty acids, do not destroy the fibrous tissue of vegetables and fruits and vegetables of the taste, nutrition, without any damage, and do not need to wash with water. In circulation, some fruits and vegetables should not be washed, available solid chlorine dioxide and fruits and vegetables together in the box, can be a long time slowly released chlorine dioxide, both sterilization, but also to achieve the role of freshness. Chlorine dioxide solution soaked fish, chicken, poultry, not only to eliminate the fishy odor, but also effectively control the growth of microorganisms, extend the storage period, and can maintain the fresh taste. Chlorine dioxide treatment of poultry eggs, freshness effect is also good, and does not affect the egg hatching.
(2) deodorization, in addition to odor Chlorine dioxide can and air sulfur compounds and water iron and manganese compounds, but not with the ammonia reaction, so can eliminate the air and water odor. Use chlorine dioxide solution to scrub the refrigerator, can achieve the effect of eliminating odors. Chlorine dioxide solution can be used in the bathroom spray, can quickly remove the odor.
Developed countries have been chlorine dioxide applied to almost all the need for sterilization and disinfection areas. In China, although the application of chlorine dioxide has just begun, but there is reason to believe that in the near future, chlorine dioxide will become an essential daily necessity in production and life, and its development prospects are boundless.
3. Bleaching
(1) textile for cotton, hemp and other natural fiber bleaching.
(2) papermaking Pulp bleaching to improve whiteness.
(3)Edible fungi Bleaching of bamboo shoots and other foodstuffs Disinfection of living, drinking and tap water in various occasions Sterilization and disinfection of tableware and sanitary facilities and air environment disinfection of tableware and sanitary facilities in hotels, families and stalls Sterilization and disinfection of foodstuffs, beverage factories, equipment, pipelines and containers in fermentation industries Sterilization of pipelines, facilities and environment in dairies, slaughterhouses Sterilization of sewage in hospitals Sterilization of swimming pool circulating water and bath water Sterilization and disinfection of swimming pool circulating water, bath water Sterilization, disinfection, sterilization, deodorization and anti-mold treatment of medical, hygienic and clinical instruments Sterilization and preservation and final drenching and disinfection of sanitary appliances of families, hotels, restaurants, fruits and vegetables, fish and meat food; Secondary disinfection treatment of water supply to high-rise buildings Configuration of various oral disinfectant, deodorizing solution and wound cleaning solution, etc. Cleaning, disinfecting, deodorizing of air of the environment of the public *** place and air conditioning ventilation system. Sterilization of sick homes and patients' belongings Sterilization of livestock breeding houses and drinking water, fish and shrimp disease control, pool water sterilization, etc. Sterilization and disinfection of mushroom fungus production and preservation of freshness Fish and shrimp processing process to control the contamination of stray bacteria, E. coli and preservation of freshness Sterilization and deodorization of cocoon breeding equipment Sterilization and deodorization of water reuse Bleaching agent for flour and various food products Bleaching agent for paper making and dyeing industry Algae removal and sterilizing treatment of industrial cooling circulating water Sulfate-reducing bacteria sterilization treatment of petroleum pipeline Cyanide breaking treatment of electroplating cyanide-containing wastewater Phenol-containing wastewater phenol treatment Decolorization of waste water for printing and dyeing Decolorization of wastewater Oxidation of various industrial wastewater and malodorous gases and auxiliary chemicals for environmental protection equipment. The legal provisions of the scope of use of chlorine dioxide in various countries
Influence of the time of the country approved by the agency to use the scope of 1992 WHO Drinking Water Disinfection 1987 Germany Drinking Water Disinfection 1985 U.S. FDA Food Processing Equipment Disinfection 1987 U.S. EPA Food Processing Plants, Breweries, Restaurants, Environmental Disinfection
Hospitals, laboratories, hard and non-void surface instrument sterilization and mold prevention 1989 U.S. EPA Storage of water and water disinfection. Anti-mold 1989 U.S. EPA Disinfection of storage water; disinfection and deodorization of animal living places such as poultry, pigs, dog pens, etc. 1988 Japan Ministry of Food and Health Disinfection of drinking water 1987 Australia Australian Department of Health Food Additives No. 926, Food Bleach 1987 China Ministry of Health Disinfection and sterilization in the food industry, medical care, pharmaceuticals, animal husbandry,
Aquaculture, public **** environment, etc. 1996 China Ministry of Health aquatic products and fruits and vegetables preserved food additives 2002 U.S. FDA food processing equipment, piping, process equipment and especially in milk processing plants 2005 China Ministry of Health Drinking water disinfection Stabilized chlorine dioxide disinfectant chlorine dioxide in the form of chlorite exists, activated by an activator, in order to release chlorine dioxide with bactericidal effect. The bactericidal ability is similar to that of a pure chlorine dioxide disinfectant solution. Chlorine dioxide disinfectant release rate and pH has a certain relationship, the rapid release of acidic conditions, pH & gt; 5.0 when the release of chlorine dioxide disinfectant slowed down, the activation is incomplete, the bactericidal effect is weak.
Chlorine dioxide disinfectant with the increase in concentration, the bactericidal effect is strengthened, with 500ppm chlorine dioxide disinfectant solution to kill Candida albicans, the role of 1min, the kill rate of 100%; and with 250ppm, the role of 10min, in order to reach 99.99%.
With the increase of temperature, the bactericidal effect is strengthened. With 0.8mg / L chlorine dioxide disinfectant to kill 99% of poliovirus, when the temperature is 5 ℃, it takes 6.8min, when the temperature is 15 ℃, it takes 1.7min, when the temperature is 25 ℃, it takes 1.5min.
Organic matter on the chlorine dioxide disinfectant sterilizing effect has a significant impact on the test of the bacterial fluid with the addition of 2% of yeast, and then with the Chlorine dioxide disinfectant sterilization test, the results, 100min can only kill 99.99% of the Escherichia coli, and do not add yeast, only the role of 5min can be all killed.
Bacteriostatic disinfection to odor, chlorine dioxide unique.