CBR is getting so much attention in relation to emission regulations and fuel prices. How do you balance fuel consumption and emissions with little increase in cost? The use of CBR technology can reduce fuel consumption by up to about 7%, how to then combine with VVT (Variable Valve Timing), fuel consumption can be further reduced. With CBR technology, Euro III and Euro IV emission standards can be achieved by utilizing an ordinary three-way catalytic converter.
Here is a brief introduction to the principle of CBR, which is a simple mechanism with asymmetric intake tracts, a tangential airway and a center airway. The tangential airway directs the airflow to rotate axially to form a vortex, and the neutral airway directs the airflow along the cylinder axis. Inside the center channel there is a butterfly valve similar to a throttle, which is closed or partially closed at low speeds (less than 1000rpm) or low to medium loads (1000 to 4000rpm, less than 70% load). Even if the butterfly valve is closed, the valve leaves a dedicated channel for the oil bundle to pass through. Closing the neutral airway thickens the mixture entering the cylinder through the neutral airway, and the tangential airway allows more fresh gas to enter, creating a lean mixture. Compared with engines without CBR, the CBR engine throttle opening is larger under the same operating conditions, thus reducing pumping gas loss work.
Broadly speaking, the use of CBR technology also realizes stratified combustion, with a dense mixture in the middle close to the spark plug for good ignition performance, and a thin mixture in the periphery to improve the excess air coefficient, which is conducive to reducing fuel consumption. In addition, the closure of one intake can enhance the in-cylinder swirl ratio, improve combustion stability, so that the upper limit of the in-cylinder EGR rate increases, using the appropriate EGR rate not only reduces emissions, but also improves fuel economy.
[edit]CBR: Case-based Reasoning Technology
CBR: Case-based Reasoning, that is, Case-based Reasoning Technology, is a similar or analogical reasoning method, which is a kind of reasoning mode that accesses the solutions of similar problems in the past in the knowledge base so as to get the solution of the current problem, i.e., it utilizes the old instances or experiences to solve new problems, evaluate new problems, explain anomalies or understand new situations. In CBR, the state description of a problem and its solution strategy is represented by a case (Case), the case base simulates the memory of the human brain, storing some relevant experiences (cases) in the past, and the cases themselves can be realized with semantic web nodes, rules, frameworks or objects, which are organized in the knowledge base according to a certain pattern, so that they can be taken out in a timely manner when they are needed.CBR technology makes direct use of the Examples of previous problem solving can effectively solve domain problems where knowledge expression is difficult or impossible, and its self-learning function ensures the continuous enhancement of its reasoning ability, which is an important means for enterprises to efficiently deal with similar or analogous competitive intelligence. Applications: failure prediction, failure analysis, planning, etc. It is also used in e-commerce (after-sales service), personalized service, and redesign (piping and wiring design).
[edit]CBR: Community-Based Rehabilitation
Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) New Thinking to Rescue 80 Million People with Disabilities
Dahon Zhuo slowly loosened the button on the laser pointer, which emitted a red dot that then disappeared on the projection screen. He slowly turned around and solemnly said to the grassroots doctors present: "China has 80 million disabled people, it is obvious that the power of rehabilitation organizations alone is far from enough, relying on the power of the community to carry out community-based rehabilitation CBR (CommunityBasedRehabilitation), will be a major trend in the development of domestic and international rehabilitation medicine. ."
A few days ago, in the Tianhe District Health Bureau of Guangzhou City, guided by the Guangdong Provincial Society of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, jointly organized by the "cerebrovascular disease practical technology and community-based rehabilitation management class" lecture, the Chinese Society of Rehabilitation Medicine, vice president of the School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine Zhuo Dahong for the people brought "New Thinking on Community Rehabilitation".
"One, two, three, four, five" of rehabilitation medicine
"Regarding rehabilitation medicine, I have summarized five major points that can help people easily master this discipline." Zhuo Dahong's lectures are not at all antiquated, and always make people in this hot summer and early fall, focusing everyone's lax attention to the red point of his laser pointer.
Zhuo Dahong said, first of all, rehabilitation medicine is an emerging discipline, refers to a variety of causes of physical and psychological dysfunction, through the medical, occupational, educational, and social medical integrated measures to alleviate, compensate for, or compensate for the loss of function due to disease, and to maximize the improvement of its residual function to the best state of return to the family, participate in the community of medicine.
Secondly, as a strong multidisciplinary discipline, rehabilitation medicine involves speech therapy, physical therapy, psychotherapy and other aspects, in view of which, "inter-disciplinary" is ranked as the first of the three major characteristics of rehabilitation medicine. Rehabilitation medicine not only includes orthopedics, neurology, neurosurgery, pediatrics, internal medicine, cardiopulmonary, metabolism, rheumatism, joints, etc. is also an essential part.
Third, as a discipline developed from clinical rehabilitation, the second characteristic of rehabilitation medicine is clinical. In this regard, Dahong Zhuo advocated that the rehabilitation department should have its own beds. The last characteristic of rehabilitation medicine is social, the function of rehabilitation should rely on the strength of the community to realize the need for rehabilitation of patients should return to the community.
Fourth, Dahong Zhuo used four sentences to describe the four principles of rehabilitation medicine: physical rehabilitation, physical and mental rehabilitation, occupational rehabilitation, and social rehabilitation. Among them, rehabilitation medicine focuses on functional training to rehabilitate the body of the disabled, which is the most basic requirement. More importantly, rehabilitation medicine should enable the disabled to receive comprehensive rehabilitation, that is, physical, mental, occupational and social rehabilitation. Only in this way can the disabled integrate into society, enjoy social services and serve society to the best of their ability. Through these efforts, the quality of life of the disabled can be truly improved and the ultimate goal of rehabilitation of the disabled can be realized.
Fifth, Zhuo Dahong said that physical therapy, including exercise therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, psychological therapy and the making of prosthetic and orthotic devices are the five pillars of rehabilitation medicine. "Among the modern excellent physical therapy modalities, exercise therapy ranks NO.1."
According to a questionnaire survey done by the world's top experts, the second most popular modern excellent physical therapy modality is massage rehabilitation, and physical factor therapies, such as electrotherapy, ultrasonic therapy, and hydrotherapy, are ranked third, fourth, and fifth. Occupational therapy, on the other hand, includes programs such as handicrafts and arts, aiming at restoring the patients' hand functions and their abilities in daily life. As for the important pillar of psychotherapy, Zhuo Dahong believes that qualified rehabilitation institutions should arrange for a full-time psychologist, while those who do not have this condition can arrange for a neurologist.
Not just "rehabilitation in the community"
"Physical therapy is PhysicalTherapy," Zhuo Dahong in the course of lectures love to the original English words to explain clearly, this is not a drink of "foreign ink", "foreign ink", "foreign water", "foreign water", "foreign water", "foreign water", "foreign water", "foreign water", "foreign water", "foreign water", "foreign water".
"Physical therapy is PhysicalTherapy," said Dahong Zhuo, who loves to explain the original English words clearly during his lectures. The term "community-based rehabilitation" is easily understood as "rehabilitation in the community", while its English is CBR (CommunityBasedRehabilitation), the direct translation should be "It is true that CBR is conducted in the community, but CBR goes beyond the basic meaning of "rehabilitation in the community", and its concept and social nature are embodied by "community-based". The concept and social nature of CBR is embodied in the term "community-based".
CBR is a holistic community development strategy for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities, poverty reduction and social inclusion of all persons with disabilities in the community. CBR is implemented through the collaboration of persons with disabilities and their families, organizations of persons with disabilities and the communities in which they live, and health, educational, vocational, social, and other institutions concerned with government and civil society***. Its main purpose is to ensure that persons with disabilities maximize their physical and mental capabilities and enjoy normal public goods and opportunities; another purpose is to motivate the community through CBR to reform and advocate and protect the human rights of persons with disabilities at the community level.
In fact, the inability of individuals to take care of themselves is the embodiment of individual dysfunction, but this is not all the barriers that people with disabilities face in their lives; they also face environmental access barriers and social care barriers. Stephen Hawking was able to write "A Brief History of Time" and not only overcome individual dysfunction, Zhuo Dahong used the example of the British physicist to analyze that, in Hawking's living environment, people with disabilities go to school, employment, and participate in social activities encountered fewer barriers to access to the environment, and received more social care, the quality of life and the opportunity to live is not lower than the average person, so people with disabilities have the same chance of success as the normal people. Therefore, people with disabilities have the same opportunities for success as normal people. Reducing barriers across the board is what CBR strives to do.
This effort by CBR cannot be separated from the support of policy coordination and resource allocation, and it is essential that all sectors of society reach a **** understanding of the implementation of a human rights-based CBR program. Only in this way can all sectors of society truly participate actively in CBR and respond positively to the needs of persons with disabilities.
Broadening CBR
R=T+E+S--This is the formula proposed by Dahong Zhuo in 2004, in which R, T, E and S stand for Rehabilitationoutcome and Technology respectively, Emotionalquotient) and Service. This formula reminds primary care physicians to combine Technology, Awareness, and Service as the three main elements of building a harmonious recovery environment and promoting recovery success.
In the early stage of the establishment of the CBR concept, it focused on medical-centered rehabilitation and rehabilitation of individuals with disabilities; nowadays, in addition to focusing on medical rehabilitation as an individual with disabilities, CBR pays more attention to solving the problem of social rehabilitation of groups of people with disabilities - comprehensive rehabilitation. Under the guidance of this concept, primary care doctors not only have to solve the problem of social integration of disabled individuals through CBR, but also have to work on making disabled groups live in harmony with other social groups. This "New Thinking on Rehabilitation" emphasizes not only the full provision of regular rehabilitation services, but also the provision of "on-demand rehabilitation services" - that is, providing targeted rehabilitation services according to the special needs of different groups and individuals of persons with disabilities.
In order to implement "on-demand rehabilitation services", it is necessary to know what people with disabilities need in the first place. According to a survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), the majority of rehabilitation doctors believe that people with disabilities need treatment, health care and other services, but the reality is that people with disabilities and their families give answers such as food, clean water and jobs. Therefore, we should incorporate CBR into the overall community development program and implement community-based rehabilitation services.
If CBR is not carried out effectively, the goal of "making rehabilitation services available to every disabled person in need of rehabilitation" will not be realized.
[edit]CBR: California bearing ratio
CBR (California bearing ratio) is a test method proposed by the state of California in the United States to evaluate the bearing capacity of subgrade materials. The bearing capacity is characterized by the ability of the material to resist local load indentation deformation, and the bearing capacity of high-quality standard crushed stone is used as a standard, and the CBR value is expressed as a percentage of the relative value. This method was later also used to assess the strength of soil foundations. Due to the simplicity of the CBR test method and the low cost of the equipment, it has been widely used in many countries. CBR method to determine the thickness of asphalt pavement, there are supporting charts, the application is very convenient, welcomed by engineers and technicians.
Determination of California bearing ratio (CBR) instrumentation: by the frame, loading device, force measurement device, penetration indenter, percent meter and other components.
[Edit]CBR: Sports Car
07 Honda CBR 1000RR HRC Racing version has just arrived in Hong Kong, estimated that in less than a short period of time, the agent of the Chan Kei car dealership has been rapid introduction of the CBR 1000RR Repsol Special Edition version, which is the urgent need of the fans who are waiting for it.
The HRC Special Edition is mainly in gold, white and red color, showing a sense of golden light, while the Repsol Special Edition is like the sun on fire, which makes people want to try it out at first sight.
The most eye-catching part of the new car is of course the set of Repsol Honda Team color morphine with a pair of orange-red triple columns, which instantly makes you feel like you're in a race against your rivals, which is exactly the kind of seductive power that she has hidden.
For equipment, while the front and rear brake calipers and inverted forks are still gold, the frame has been changed to a striking silver, giving her a more energetic look.
Finally, the price is no different from the HRC Racing version, as both are limited edition, the collector's value is higher than anything else, so if you want to own her, it all depends on your sincerity and chance!