F-1 is the abbreviation of formula One, which is called Formula One in Chinese. To *** with the same formula (rules limitations) built by the car is called formula car, and one of the highest level of F-1, many people mistakenly think that the four tires exposed single-seat racing car are called F-1, that would be a big misunderstanding. F-1 in the field of today's racing represents the status of the 『Olympics』 or 『World Cup Soccer』; F-1 *** there are 11 participating teams, each game Currently there are 11 teams in F-1***, with a maximum of 22 drivers per race. 16 to 17 races are planned each year, usually starting around the middle of March and ending at the end of October. Each race attracts more than one billion viewers through TV broadcasts and other media to watch the world's top races. In 2004, the Shanghai Circuit in China hosted a successful F1 race, with 18 races throughout the year.
F1 schedule:
The F-1 race schedule is divided into three days, which includes: Friday 11-12am and 1-2pm free practice (no scoring); Saturday 9:00-9:45am and 10:15-11:00am free practice (no scoring); Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying; Saturday 1:00-2:00pm qualifying. Qualifying; Warm Up from 9:30-10:00 a.m.; and The Grand Prix at 2:00 p.m. on Saturday. To get a place on the starting line on the day of the Grand Prix, you must go through a time trial qualifying session, in which each driver is allowed to run a maximum of 12 laps on a maximum of 7 sets of tires in a one-hour time trial, and the fastest lap will be compared to determine the starting grid order for the Grand Prix. The driver with the fastest lap time is given the top position, called P.P. (Pole Position), or "pole position". On tracks where the road surface is narrow and overtaking is difficult, the grid order will have a direct impact on the outcome of the race. If a driver's fastest lap time in the time trial is slower than 107% of the lap time of the fastest driver in the same race, he will not be able to take part in the final, so as not to affect the safety of other drivers in the race. There is a warm-up lap before the final, and then a 30-second countdown before the start, controlled by a set of 5 lights, with the race starting when all 5 red lights go out at the same time. The duration of the race is limited to 300 kilometers (Monte Carlo is an exception) or 2 hours, and the race will be finished whichever one finishes first. The longest and the shortest distances were 310.352 kilometers in Monaco and 262.626 kilometers in Monaco
Formula 1 qualifying and final:
The official race is divided into two stages: timed qualifying and the final.
Only 26 cars can take part in the final of each race. If there are more than 26 entries, a pre-final will be held for the drivers with poor results in the past, and the top four will be taken out and grouped together with the 26 cars from the previous race for the time trial qualifying, and the final 26 cars will be determined to take part in the final. Timed qualifying arranged in the final before two, through the 60-minute car, respectively, counted the time used by each car to run the fastest lap, the car with the least time in the final will be placed in the front of the track (if the first corner of the track is a right turn, the first car will be placed on the right; otherwise, it will be located on the left), and others in order and so on. If two or more cars have the same fastest lap time, the first driver to finish the time trial will take precedence. The position of the cars on the track is very important, and the driver at the front of the grid will have the advantage of taking the first turn (with priority to the inside). On the final day, drivers will have 23 laps of free practice (9:30~10:15am and 10:30~11:15am) to check the working condition of all parts of the car. Half an hour before the race, all cars must be in the grid position (two cars in a row, each row 25 feet - 7.6 meters apart), the countdown begins five minutes before the start, and the engine starts when the last minute is left. As soon as the green flag appears, the cars start for the final warm-up lap, but no overtaking or changing of cars is allowed in the middle of the lap (they can be changed during practice sessions). After one lap, the cars remain in the same order, waiting for the showdown to begin. A few seconds later, the signal is given and the final race begins, with the cars charging forward like wild horses. Tires can be changed during the race, and the car can be repaired in the pit if it breaks down, but it takes up the race time. Therefore, when a driver realizes that his car has broken down, he has to notify the pit stops in advance with his communication device to get ready. If a car stops at the track due to a breakdown, it will be pushed away by the track crew (not the team pit crew) and will be disqualified from the race as a result. Generally, F-1 races are run even on rainy days. If it rains really hard, the race organizers may also suspend or cancel the race for safety reasons. The greatest danger of racing in the rain does not come from the driver's ability to control the car, but rather from the fact that the spray thrown up by the wide tires reduces the visibility of the field considerably. For this reason, a red signal light must be mounted on the rear of the car and remain on throughout the race. The rules on whether refueling is permitted during a race have varied from time to time, with no rules at first, and then in 1986, to prevent drivers from adding mass to a car that may be too light for the ground near the end of a race, refueling has not been permitted during a race. However, this rule was unanimously opposed by the participating teams, coupled with sometimes have to reduce the speed of the car due to rain and other reasons, often before the end of the race, the fuel tank in the fuel consumption, so that the organizers often need to be forced to stop in the middle of the race, adding a lot of trouble. 1994, January 1, approved by the FIA, the revised new rules allow cars to refuel in the middle of the race.
F1 Principle Rules:
Taking into account the need for fair competition and safety, etc., the FIA formulated the following three principle rules:
○1 As far as possible, participants will be allowed to race under the same conditions, and to give equal play to their potentials and competitive levels, in order to maximize the possibility of playing the game and the level of sportsmanship. Based on this principle, the cylinder displacement, fuel type, tire size, racing weight, and racing dimensions of the cars are specified in detail. The installation of an aerodynamic device is also specified, as this device has downforce on the tires, which increases the speed of the car.
○2Ensure that the maximum possible safety measures are provided to prevent accidents. This principle includes the limitation of the basic structure of the car; the limitation of such devices as military aviation tires, safety-type rubber fuel tanks, fuel retardants, safety helmets, etc.; the limitation of the location of the fuel depot and the location of the fuel in the pit stops and the adoption of special protective measures; and the limitation of access to and the size of the cockpit by the driver must be specified as well.
0.3 Limitations on expenses and a ban on increasing the number of races in order to prevent a heavy financial burden on individuals and teams. In accordance with this principle, engines were limited to no more than 12 cylinders and should be round in appearance, as well as being four-stroke interchangeable and naturally aspirated; and cars were limited to four wheels, two of which could be driven.
F1 Circuit:
The F-1 race must be held in the special circuit, the length and width of the special circuit, road conditions, safety measures, etc. have extremely strict requirements. Generally speaking, the dedicated race track is circular, each lap is 3-7 kilometers long, the total length of the track can not be too long, 305-320 kilometers. For safety reasons, both sides of the track are generally paved with wide grass or sand, in order to separate the spectators from the track. Nowadays, among the official race tracks, the Morocco track is the shortest (3.328 kilometers), and the Spa track in Belgium is the longest (6.94 kilometers). The FIA stipulates that the track is not allowed to have too many excessively long straights in order to limit high speeds and avoid danger. In general, the following equipment is essential for a standard F-1 circuit:
The track - 7 to 11 meters wide and 3.0 to 7.0 kilometers long. Numerous corners are necessary to avoid excessive speeds.
Start and Finish Straight - 12 meters wide and 250 meters long. It is possible to place two cars side by side without overcrowding.
The grandstand - needs to be separated from the track by a barbed wire fence and 1.2-meter-high railings.
Camera and TV tower - for TV broadcasting.
Large screen TV - to be placed opposite the grandstand for easy access to the full race for spectators in the grandstand.
Safety Observatory - located in a relatively dangerous area for safety personnel to keep the track clear, deal with accidents, and signal drivers of potential danger.
Helicopters - ready to provide emergency care to injured riders.
Medical Station - a protected location next to the Pit Stop with an operating room and first aid room.
Repair Stations - one per team, a permanent facility.
Sponsor Hospitality Grandstand - Located on a raised platform overlooking the repair station at the rear of the repair station.
Paddock - for parking of transportation and camping vehicles.
Race Control Tower - Located on the second level of the entire control tower overlooking the entrance to the Repair Station, where the marshals control the race by communicating with the security personnel via radio devices.
Most of the F-1 race courses are located in Europe, between 1950~1995, the F-1 competition *** conducted 580 times, of which the number of times held in the five continents are as follows: 407 times in Europe (accounted for 70%); the Americas 125 times (accounted for 22%); 24 times in Africa (accounted for 4%); 13 times in Asia (accounted for 2%); and 11 times in Oceania (accounted for 2%). In Europe, the circuits that have hosted the most F-1 races are Monza, Italy, 45 times; Monaco, 42 times; Zandvoort, Netherlands, 30 times; Spa, Belgium, 30 times; Silverstone, England, 29 times; and Nuremberg, Germany, 24 times.
F1 Pit Stop:
To keep the race running smoothly and to win, every F-1 team must have a race car pit crew made up of highly qualified personnel. Because the cars are allowed to change tires and refuel midway through the race, this means that the pit crews must work together flawlessly, not just to minimize the loss of time, but more importantly to minimize the deadly dangers associated with it - just one drop of gasoline on a hot exhaust pipe and the car is in great danger of suffering a misfire.
In the pits, the engine technician has three computer screens at his disposal; the first one displays the engine's performance data; the second one is used to observe the race in its entirety; and the third one shows where the car is at each lap and how long it has taken.
At least 17 mechanics are required in any team's pit stop: three for removing and replacing each wheel (one to remove and tighten the lug nuts, one to remove the old tire, and one to replace it with a new one); two to operate the front and rear quick jacks; two to refuel the tanks; and a chief mechanic with a command sign. To these 17 mechanics are sometimes added a refueling assistant, an engine technician, and 2 mechanics who are responsible for wiping down the driver's visor and removing paper or debris from the side compartment air intakes, respectively, in order to keep the radiator working optimally.
When a car breaks down during a race, the driver first uses his radio to contact the chief mechanic in the pits to request a pit stop. After receiving the chief mechanic's message that "the pit is ready," the driver drives to the pit and stops right in front of the quick jacks. The moment the car comes to a stop, the Chief Mechanic holds a long handled round sign in front of the driver and tells him to keep the brake pedal pressed (Brakeson). The two men manning the front and rear jacks move together to lift the car off the ground. Once the car is jacked up, the 12 people split into three groups and run to the four wheels, using the efficient pneumatic tools at hand to quickly remove the old tires and replace them with new ones. The two mechanics in charge of refueling injected the pressurized gasoline into the fuel tank at a speed of 9 liters per second. Due to the high level of training and skill, a successful tire change takes only 6 to 8 seconds (during the 1993 British Grand Prix, McLaren changed Senna's tires in 5.11 seconds; Williams changed Prost's tires in 8.02 seconds). Generally speaking, the length of time a car spends in the pits depends on the refueling time, as the refueling speed has been compressed almost to the limit. Once the refueling was complete, the chief mechanic flipped the long-handled circular sign he had been holding to the go side, the driver released the brake pedal, and the car re-entered the hotly contested track like an arrow out of a string.
Because almost every part of a high-speed race car (especially the engine exhaust, wheels, tires, calipers, etc.) is at a very high temperature, the mechanic will be burned if he is not careful in the maintenance process. In order to avoid this phenomenon, in addition to the requirement that the mechanic should be very careful when repairing, tire changing mechanics must also wear plush gloves. In addition, to prevent accidental fires, mechanics wear fireproof jumpers and helmets.
It is said that only one tire will be used in F1 races next year.
F1 Race Flags:
In order to effectively direct the drivers to race and prevent various accidents as much as possible, the F-1 race adopts the method of waving various colorful flags as a command signal. The waving flags not only enable the drivers to see from a distance and draw attention in advance, but also enable the on-site audience to understand everything that happens during the race. The command flags are rectangular in shape and are held by the judges at each part of the track. The specific meanings of the various flags are as follows:
Green Flag: Presented at the start of the race, it indicates the start of the warm-up lap race;
Yellow Flag: Presented after the race to indicate that the danger has been eliminated, everything in the race course is back to normal, and the race can be carried out as normal.
Yellow and Red Stripe Stationary Flag: Indicates that there is water or oil on the road surface, the car is prone to skidding and should be driven carefully.
Yellow-red waving flag: warns drivers that the road surface is slippery and they should drive with extreme caution.
White flag: Indicates that there are race-designated vehicles or slow-moving cars on the track, reminding drivers to avoid such vehicles to avoid danger.
Yellow stationary flag: indicates that there is danger ahead and drivers should slow down.
Yellow waving flag: It means there is a danger in front of the driver, the driver should slow down, and overtaking at this time is regarded as a foul; if the driver sees the referee waving the yellow flag again in the same place, he should slow down and be ready to stop.
Blue stationary flag: indicates that there are other cars following the car, drivers should be alert, but do not have to avoid.
Blue waving flag: indicates that the following car is ready to overtake at high speed, drivers should pay attention to safety, but can still follow the original route and speed, no need to avoid.
Black and white diagonal flags: Indicates the first warning of a driver's lack of sportsmanship; if the driver ignores the warning, the black and white flags will be displayed to disqualify him from the race.
Black flag used in combination with a white numbered flag: the number of the white flag indicates that the car with that numbered number has been disqualified from the race, and the driver must enter the pits on the next lap and report to the Organizing Committee of the competition.
Red Flag: Normally not waved. Once this flag is waved, it means the race is suspended or ended early. The reason for the suspension may be manifold, but it is not stopped by a successful completion of the race as originally required.
Black and white checkered flags: indicate a successful conclusion of the race. During the race, a driver may protest to the Organizing Committee against the referee's decision, or he may memorize the car number of the offending car and reflect it to the Refereeing Committee. Within the stipulated time after the race, if someone protests, the referee committee will investigate according to the relevant regulations to set the record straight; if no one protests, the race results will be officially recognized.