I. Investigation Methods:
1. Consult books, read newspapers and magazines, and browse the Internet to understand the seriousness of water pollution. 2、Ask the relevant departments to understand the problem of water pollution. 3、Through various channels, the solution measures of water pollution problems.
Two, the purpose of the investigation:
1, through in-depth and detailed investigation and research, a better understanding of the pollution situation in Chongqing Municipality and a series of link problems. 2, for the cultural sector, environmental protection departments to provide more detailed information, awakening people's awareness of environmental protection, enhance the sense of urgency and crisis to combat pollution so that people better understand their hometown, love the beautiful nature, cherish the people's precious source of life - water.
3, put forward relevant coping strategies.
Three, the basic situation of water pollution:
(a) What is "water pollution"?
People's Republic of China promulgated in 1984 *** and the State Water Pollution Control Law "water pollution" under a clear definition, that is, a body of water due to the intervention of certain substances, resulting in changes in its chemical, physical, biological or radiological characteristics, thereby affecting the effective use of water, endangering human health or damage to the ecological environment, resulting in the deterioration of water quality is called the phenomenon of water pollution.
Water pollution is the phenomenon of deterioration of water quality.
Water pollution is divided into two categories: one is natural pollution; the other is man-made pollution. Currently more harmful to the water body is man-made pollution. Water pollution can be divided into chemical pollution, physical pollution and biological pollution according to the different impurities of pollution.
At present, the world's annual sewage discharged into the rivers, lakes and oceans about more than 420 billion cubic meters of sewage, polluting hundreds of millions of cubic meters of fresh water, which is equivalent to more than 14% of the total amount of the global river flow, and in recent years, China's urban water pollution is a serious problem in 1998 to monitor the 176 days of the city's river section, 52% of the river section of the pollution is more severe, according to statistics, the country's urban wastewater discharged in 1999 totaled 60.6 billion tons, of which the amount of industrial wastewater accounted for 67%, the total amount of wastewater sewage discharge nearly doubled compared with 1980. According to the monitoring results of the water conservancy department, the proportion of polluted river lengths nationwide was 21% in 1980, and increased to 38% in 1999. According to monitoring, most urban groundwater is subject to a certain degree of point and surface pollution, and there is a tendency to worsen year by year.
China's current measures since the 1970s, China's water pollution prevention and control work is increasingly by all levels of government and all sectors of society, has taken many measures and achieved certain results, such as the development of a series of relevant laws and regulations, the establishment of a management body, strengthened monitoring and supervision of the construction of a number of wastewater treatment facilities, and the promotion of clean water and cleaner production processes, such as the treatment of pollution in the Huaihe River "Operation Zero" and so on.
(2), the shortcomings are:
1, structural pollution problems are prominent. Some watershed paper, chemical enterprises are still too many, some enterprises "old disease" continue to exceed the sewage discharge. Pollution load is difficult to cut. Before discharge standards, many places do is superficial, discharge standards "zero action" once the end of some enterprises will "relapse".
2, domestic sewage, surface pollution lack of strength. Domestic sewage and surface pollution (i.e., fertilizers, soil and other pollution) in some watersheds has become the main source of pollution, such as Dianchi, domestic sources of pollution accounted for 45% to 56%, surface pollution accounted for 33% to 40%, Dianchi in the realization of the industrial pollution sources to meet the discharge standards, although the emission of industrial pollutants has decreased significantly, but in the alleviation of eutrophication of the lake water effect is not obvious. State Environmental Protection Administration of a data show that the slow progress in the construction of urban sewage treatment plants in some watersheds has become a weak link in the prevention and control of water pollution.
3, the dry season river self-purification capacity is poor, pollution has worsened.
4, some places are still unable to correctly deal with the relationship between water conservancy construction and environmental protection, exacerbating the deterioration of water, some places in order to prevent floods and droughts and to ensure that water for agriculture and industry, the construction of a lot of reservoirs, locks and dams, such as the Huaihe River Basin there are more than 5,000 reservoirs, locks and dams more than 4,000. In some places, a dam is blocked for a year, until the water becomes black and stinks, they will be sewage leakage, pollution of the lower continent. "Flowing water does not rot" reasoning who all know, but "three rivers and three lakes" basin, many places into a "stagnant pool" Therefore, some watersheds meet the discharge standards and then rebound.
(C) measures to be taken:
1, continue to improve the relevant legal system, increase supervision and law enforcement efforts and legal publicity, improve the legal awareness of cadres and masses.
2. Strengthen the management of water pollution prevention and monitoring, establish a water environment protection system, and gradually realize unified management, scientific management and democratic management.
3, the promotion of water conservation technology, cause production processes and wastewater treatment and reuse technology, continue to reduce the coefficient of sewage discharge.
4, adjust the industrial structure. Especially in water-scarce areas, to limit water consumption, sewage industry development.
5, the establishment of investment guarantee mechanism, adhere to the multi-channel, multi-level, multi-directional fund-raising, to ensure that water pollution prevention and control engineering construction and implementation of management measures.
China is a serious absolute water-poor countries! What does poor water mean? Poor water is anemia! And water pollution? That is blood pollution! The American Franklin once said, "People do not know the value of water until the well is dry." We really should remember his words, because, the current trend of our country in the water problem will soon appear very difficult situation.