Clinical blood pressure is the standard method of clinical diagnosis and grading of hypertension at present, and it is measured by medical staff under standard conditions according to unified norms. The specific requirements are as follows:
⑴ Choose a mercury sphygmomanometer that meets the measurement standards or an electronic sphygmomanometer that meets international standards (BHS, AAMI) for measurement.
⑵ Use a cuff with appropriate size, and the cuff airbag should wrap at least 80% of the upper arm. Most people's arm circumference is 25-35cm, and airbag cuffs with a length of 35cm and a width of 12- 13cm should be used; Obese people or people with large arm circumference should use large size cuff; Children use small sleeves.
⑶ The subjects should have a quiet rest for at least 5 minutes, no smoking or drinking coffee within 30 minutes before the measurement, and empty the bladder.
(4) The examinee should be seated, preferably in an armchair, with the right upper arm exposed and the upper arm at the same level as the heart. If peripheral vascular disease is suspected, the blood pressure of the left and right upper arms should be measured at the first visit. Under special circumstances, you can take a lying position or a standing position. The elderly, diabetics and patients with postural hypotension should be tested for orthostatic blood pressure. The orthostatic blood pressure should be measured at 65438 0 minutes and 5 minutes after changing from supine position to orthostatic position.
5] Tie the cuff tightly to the upper arm of the subject, and the lower edge of the cuff should be 2.5cm above the elbow. Place the stethoscope probe at the brachial artery pulsation.
[6] During measurement, the balloon was inflated rapidly, so that the pressure in the balloon increased by 30mmHg (4.0kPa) after the radial artery pulsation disappeared, and then deflated slowly at a constant rate (2-6mmHg/ s). If the heart rate is slow, the deflation speed will be slower. After obtaining the diastolic blood pressure reading, quickly deflate to zero.
Once in the process of deflation, listen carefully to the Coriolis sound and observe the vertical height of the convex surface of the mercury column in the first phase (the first sound) and the fifth phase (the vanishing sound) of the Coriolis sound. Systolic pressure reading takes the first phase of Coriolis sound, and diastolic pressure reading takes the fifth phase of Coriolis sound. & lt 12-year-old children, pregnant women, severe anemia, hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation and Korotkoff's sound do not disappear, and the fourth stage (inflection point) of Korotkoff's sound is regarded as diastolic pressure.
⑻ The unit of blood pressure is millimeters of mercury (mmHg) in clinic, and the conversion relationship between mmHg and kilopascals (kPa) is indicated in official publications in China, with lmHg = 0. 133kPa.
Levies are repeated every 1-2 minutes, and the average value of the two readings is recorded. If the difference between the two readings of systolic or diastolic blood pressure is greater than 5mmHg, it should be measured again and the average value of the three readings should be recorded.