2.1.1 electrode
At present, China's electrode production enterprises about nearly 500, of which have perfect production conditions, testing methods and reasonable quality assurance system of nearly 300, with a certain degree of production conditions, the lack of testing methods of nearly 200, the industry's production capacity of more than 1.5 million tons, far exceeding the market demand. Electrode production enterprises are distributed in all regions except Tibet, under the machinery, metallurgy, energy, shipbuilding, agriculture and other sectors, the economic type of state-owned, collective, private, joint venture, sole proprietorship, joint-stock system.
Electrode industry in the experience of 92 years ~ 93 years after the peak of efficiency, due to the rapid increase in the number of production enterprises, resulting in rapid increase in production capacity, production is increasing, thus leading to the price of ordinary products continue to decline, the electrode's profitability has been significantly reduced to no profit or loss. At present, in addition to a small number of large-scale operations, multi-industry development and special welding electrodes (refers to low hydrogen welding electrodes, stainless steel welding electrodes, cladding welding electrodes, nickel-based welding electrodes, cast iron welding electrodes and other special-purpose welding electrodes) characteristics of the business to maintain a certain level of profit, most of the other enterprises are in the state of capital preservation or loss. Ordinary carbon steel welding rod production is increasingly concentrated in a few large welding consumables production enterprises, such as Tianjin Jinqiao Welding Materials Company, Tianjin Bridge Group Company, Sichuan Atlantic Group Company, Shanghai Welding Equipment Company Limited, Jiangsu Universe Group Company.
In the face of fierce market competition, the small and medium-sized enterprises are actively reducing the cost of raw and auxiliary materials and the cost of energy consumption in order to maintain operations, which has brought some enterprises in the product quality of a certain degree of decline, the larger enterprises in addition to the use of large-scale operations, strengthen management, improve technology and other means to reduce the cost of production of welding electrodes, but also to actively adjust the product structure, to open up the wire, flux or Other industries to improve the market competitiveness of enterprises, and actively explore foreign markets.
2.1.2 welding wire
(1) gas-shielded solid-core wire
At present, the country's gas-shielded solid-core wire production enterprises have more than 150, from Germany, Sweden, Canada, Japan, Switzerland, Italy and Taiwan to introduce a variety of production equipment of nearly 50 sets, with a total investment of more than 5,000,000 U.S. dollars, more than 100 domestically made or developed equipment, production capacity of more than 200,000 tons. Production capacity of more than 200,000 tons, mainly by the state-owned, collective, private, joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises. In addition, some large-scale welding rod production plants gradually become the backbone of the wire production enterprises. In the past five years, most of the enterprises in the key technology breakthroughs, and thus the production of enterprises are increasing the production of gas-shielded wire production equipment and production, but due to the impact of metallurgy, gas-shielded wire less varieties, in addition to the ER49-1 and ER50-6 models of larger production, most of the rest of the varieties of production is small.
(2) gas-shielded flux-cored wire
In the past five years, the production of flux-cored wire has been a major development, from more than 500 tons of production in 96 years to more than 4,000 tons of development in 2000, there are now 28 production enterprises (including three foreign-funded enterprises), *** there are 38 production lines. Among them, 20 production lines have been introduced and 18 self-made production lines, and the production capacity of the existing equipment reaches more than 20,000 tons. At present, the annual output of more than 500 tons of enterprises have 3 to 4, most of the production equipment is idle or can not play the due capacity of the state.
(3) submerged arc welding wire
Currently able to supply submerged arc welding wire hundreds of enterprises, some enterprises can be supplied in disk form, due to the submerged arc welding process in addition to a single electrode, has been progressing to multi-electrode and wire specifications, making the application of submerged arc welding wire has increased in recent years the number of copper-plated submerged arc welding wire is increasing.
2.1.3 flux
China's flux production enterprises have more than 30, the entire flux industry annual production capacity of about 150,000 tons, of which 11 to 120,000 tons of smelting flux, sintered flux 3 to 40,000 tons. At present, there are more than ten enterprises that can produce sintered flux. In recent years, the sintered flux market is expanding, and the proportion of sintered flux in the flux is also increasing.
2.1.4 brazing material
Brazing material belongs to the non-ferrous metal industry, brazing material production plants have been spread throughout the country, preliminary statistics have nearly 300. Among them, the production of hard brazing material manufacturers have more than 60, these manufacturers in addition to a small number of metallurgy, machinery, the People's Bank of China and non-ferrous metals corporation, most of the collective and private, private enterprises. The production of brazing material varieties amounted to more than 600 kinds. The output of various brazing materials has reached 40,000 to 50,000 tons, brazing materials have been applied to all walks of life. With the home appliance industry, microelectronics industry, as well as the continuous development of the information industry, the development of brazing materials are facing new opportunities for development.
2.2 five years (1996 to 2000) welding materials industry production statistics
1996 to 2000, the welding materials industry, the annual output of various materials statistics in Table 2-1-1, export statistics in Table 2-1-2, sales statistics in Table 2-1-3, all types of welding materials, varieties of changes in Table 2-1-4.
Table 2-2-1 Production (unit: 10,000 tons)
Year
Products
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Electrodes
60
72
82
88
90
Welding Wire
Gas Shielded Welding
7.2
8.2
9.3
10.4
11.6
Submerged Arc Welding
3.1
3.3
p> 3.6
4.1
4.7
Flux
4.6
5.0
5.4
6.2
7.1
Brazing
1.6
2.0
2.6
3.4
4.4
Total
76.6
90.5
102.9
112.1
117.8
Table 2-2-2 Export Quantity (Unit: 10,000 tons)
Year
Product
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Welding Rod
7.4
8.1
8.9
9.7
10.4
Welding Wires (total)
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
Solder
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.2
Total
9.6
10.6
11.6
12.8
14.0
Table 2-2-3 Sales (in billions of yuan)
Year
Products
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Welding Rods
30.6
35.2
39.8
41.7
42.4
Welding Wire (Total)
7.0
7.4
7.9
8.3
8.8
Solder
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Total
39
44.1
49.3
51.7
53
Table 2-2-4 Number of varieties (unit: one)
Year
Product
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Welding
320
368
380
390
400
Welding wire
75
84
90
95
100
Solder
50
60
70
80
90
< p> Total100
180
300
450
600
2.3 Welding material industry joint ventures, cooperation and technology introduction
Between 1996 and 2000, the welding material industry, the introduction of technology is mainly in the welding wire industry (including solid wire and flux-cored wire). (including solid wire and flux-cored wire). Welding rod industry, the only technology introduced from Germany, Sichuan Atlantic Welding Materials Co., Ltd. introduced 320 tons of hydraulic presses and low-temperature continuous drying furnace, as well as the introduction of Taiwan's E308L-16, E347-16 and EZNi-1 welding rod technology. The introduction of technology is shown in Table 2-3-1. The big change in the industry is that Jintai Metal Industry Company, after acquiring the former Jining Welding Rod Factory, has been entrusted with the operation of Jiangsu Cosmos Welding Materials Company.
Domestic school-enterprise cooperation has Beijing Institute of Technology and the former Beijing Welding Materials Factory established Beijing Golden Sun Flux Cored Wire Co. Domestic universities and research institutes and production enterprises on a project (product) cooperation is more common. Wholly-owned, joint ventures and cooperative enterprises are shown in Table 2-3-2.
Table 2-3-1 Introduction of Technology
No.
Introduction Unit
Content of Introduction
Country of Introduction
Time
Quantity Introduced
1
Tangshan Xindai Welding Material Co. Copper plating and wire winding equipment
Germany
1996
1
2
Hubei Xianda Welding Material Company
Copper plating and wire winding
Germany
1996
1
Flux-cored wire equipment + software(2)
Germany
1996
1
3
Guangzhou Weiters Co.
Flux Cored Wire Equipment
Japan
1996
1
4
Zhejiang Jiaxing Dongfang Welding Co.
Flux Cored Wire Equipment + Software(3)
Japan
1996
1
5
Shandong Zibo Feile Welding Material Company
Flux Cored Wire Equipment+Software (3)
Italy
1999
1
6
Beijing Antex Technology Co. Flux Cored Wire + Software (3)
Japan
2000
1.5
7
Sichuan Atlantic Welding Material Co.
Welding Rod Production Line + Low Temperature Oven
Germany
1998
1
Copper Plated Wire
Taiwan, Japan
1997
1
E308L-16,
E347-16, EZNi-1 electrode technology
Taiwan
1997
Table 2-3-2 Joint ventures, cooperative enterprises
Name of the enterprise
Joint ventures (cooperating) parties
Mode of cooperation
Scope of business
Chi-Ning Rui-Tai Metal Industry Company
Taiwan
Sole proprietorship
Electrode
Zigong Atlantic Welding Wire Co.
China, Taiwan
Joint venture
CO2 gas-shielded welding wire
Tian Tai Welding Material (Kunshan)
Taiwan
Sole proprietorship
Flux-cored wire
Beijing Steel Lian Welding Material Company
China, Hong Kong
Joint venture
Flux-cored wire
Shandong Zibo Feiluo Welding Material Co. Flux Cored Wire
Beijing Golden Sun Flux Cored Wire Company
Former Beijing Welding Materials Factory
Beijing Institute of Technology
Cooperation
Flux Cored Wire
Ha Welding and Brazing Materials Co.ltd.
Harbin Nonferrous Metals Smelting Plant
Harbin Welding Research Institute
Cooperation
2.4 New varieties and scientific research and development
In recent years, the production enterprises for hydropower, nuclear power, bridge engineering and national defense and military products have developed a number of special welding materials, including welding rods, wires, flux and brazing materials.
The new products and research and development of the welding rod industry is mainly focused on low-hydrogen type welding rod and stainless steel welding rod, especially for the military, nuclear power, high-strength ultra-low hydrogen welding rod. Taiyuan University of Technology Welding Materials Research Institute, with its many years in stainless steel welding rod products and related technology research results reported on the austenitic stainless steel welding rod results won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress in 2000.
The research and development of the welding wire industry is mainly flux-cored wire formula technology and manufacturing technology. Beijing Steel Lian company relying on the technical strength of the Iron and Steel Research Institute, Tianjin Sanying company relying on the research power of Tianjin University, the work in this area is more prominent.
Flux industry research and development in recent years is mainly in the development of new varieties of sintered flux is more prominent, for hydrogenation reactor, nuclear power, thermal power engineering development of sintered flux and with the pipeline laying in the steel pipe manufacturing development of sintered flux have been applied.
Brazing material industry in recent years, the most active research and development activities, brazing material research and development institutions continue to increase, the number of manufacturers increased year by year, research papers increased year by year, the level of the paper continues to improve, in the non-silver, low-silver brazing material, low-tin brazing material and lead-free brazing material research and application has made greater progress, the brazing material of the processing and molding technology has made new breakthroughs in the research and production of paste brazing material to achieve a number of The research and production of paste brazing material has made a number of achievements.
2.5 industry development trend
From 1996 to 2000, the development of various materials in the welding consumables industry can be seen, to adapt to the welding production to the development of high efficiency, high quality, low cost and automation direction of the material is increasing, to adapt to the development of electronic technology brazing materials are also developing rapidly, and ordinary soldering rod products have begun to gradually by the peak production and decline. Low price expansion has reached its limit. Comprehensive market tendency, the "Tenth Five-Year" period of the welding industry's future development trend is as follows:
2.5.1 electrodes
Due to the ordinary electrodes, low-priced production expansion has reached the limit of the production of such electrodes in the future will gradually shrink the production of the electrodes, and the corresponding electrodes will be adjusted, special welding rod (refers to low hydrogen, resistant to the development of brazing materials are also developing rapidly). Welding electrodes (refers to low hydrogen, heat-resistant steel, stainless steel, nickel-based and surfacing electrodes, etc.) will increase the proportion of the total number of welding electrodes will decline, electrode production in the entire proportion of welding materials will decline, will gradually decline to 65% or less.
2.5.2 welding wire
(1) gas-shielded solid-core wire
Although the current gas-shielded solid-core wire varieties are very few, can be provided to the market mainly ER49-1 and ER50-6 two products, but its demand and production increased year by year, its output will gradually rise to the proportion of the entire welding consumables to about 20%.
(2) flux-cored wire
Flux-cored wire production in 1996 to 2000 during the high growth rate, the current domestic production of the largest gas-shielded carbon steel flux-cored wire, flux-cored wire varieties in the future will be a rapid increase in the solid-cored wire can not be provided for low-temperature steels, weathering steel, heat-resistant steels, seawater-resistant steels and high-strength structural steels with the wire will be used by flux-cored wire to fill. Products to fill, in addition to self-protection flux-cored wire for oil and gas pipeline welding and surface repair in various industries with the surfacing of flux-cored wire products will continue to be developed, and thus "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, flux-cored wire will be a significant development, which accounted for the proportion of all the welding consumables will be increased to about 3%.
(3) submerged arc welding wire
The proportion of submerged arc welding wire will not have a big change, China will remain in the proportion of 10% to 13%.
2.5.3 flux
Submerged arc welding flux and submerged arc welding wire, the total output will remain within a certain range, there will be no major growth, but the structure of the submerged arc welding flux will undergo certain changes. "Tenth Five-Year" period, in the total amount of submerged arc welding flux, the proportion of sintered flux will increase, while the proportion of smelting flux will decline.
2.5.4 brazing material
Due to the home appliance industry, microelectronics industry and the rapid development of the information industry, the demand for brazing material is also increasing, adapted to the development of new technologies, new brazing material products will continue to be developed, "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, brazing material production accounted for the proportion of the total output of welding consumables will be Increase to 6%.