RESP: Respiratory Rate (RPM).
Normal adults breathe 16 to 20 times per minute, and the ratio of respiration to pulse is 1:4, i.e., for every breath, the pulse beats 4 times.
Children breathe faster than adults, up to 20 to 30 times per minute; newborns can breathe up to 44 times per minute.
Normal adult resting state, respiration is 12 to 20 times / min, respiration to pulse ratio of 1:4.
Newborn respiration is about 44 times / min, with age and gradually slow down.
Expanded Information
Respiratory States:
Tachypnea (tachypnea) In terms of a respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths/minute. It is seen in fever, pain, anemia, hyperthyroidism, and cardiac failure. Generally, an increase in body temperature of l°C increases the respiratory rate by about 4 breaths/minute.
Bradypnea is defined as a respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths/minute. Shallow slow respiration is seen in anesthetic or sedative overdose and increased intracranial pressure.
Variations in respiratory rate with respiratory depth are seen in respiratory muscle paralysis, severe tympanites, ascites, and obesity, as well as in lung diseases such as pneumonia, pleurisy, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax.
Deep and fast breathing, seen in strenuous exercise, because the body's oxygen supply increases the need to increase gas exchange in the lungs. In addition, when emotional excitement and excessive tension, also often appear deep fast breathing, and hyperventilation phenomenon.
At this time, the arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure decreases, causing respiratory alkalosis, the patient often feels numbness around the mouth and limbs, and in severe cases, the hands and feet can take hold and apnea.
When severe metabolic acidosis, there is also a deep and slow respiration, this is due to the extracellular fluid bicarbonate insufficiency, the pH is reduced, through the lungs to discharge co2, in order to regulate extracellular acid-base balance.
See diabetic ketoacidosis and uremic acidosis, etc. This deep and long breathing is also called Kussmaul breathing.
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