Hospitals (especially infectious disease hospitals) and polytechnic colleges and laboratories discharged sewage must be disinfected or harmless treatment. Depending on the different conditions of the sewage, treatment methods are different. In terms of chemical methods, often use bleach, "three in two" or liquid chlorine treatment. Whether it is a pool, two pools or three pools, respectively, alone or choose to put these chlorine disinfectants. Some people are very surprised at the use of bleach as a disinfectant for anti-biological warfare agents! In fact, the application criteria are, firstly, effective and, secondly, inexpensive, easy to produce and easy to transport. If it is needed in large quantities, the supply can be strongly guaranteed! In the "preparation for war and famine for the people" era, our country had "triple two" as a war reserve material reserves.
In recent years, hospitals have changed the treatment of sewage. Some use ozone, some use sodium hypochlorite, some use chlorine dioxide, and do on-site production site use. Why this change? Because the use of liquid chlorine and some organic matter in the waste occurred chlorination, chlorination and the generation of chlorophenol, chlorine ammonia, chloroform and other by-products, resulting in secondary pollution of the environment, seriously endangering the survival of aquatic animals, damage to the ecological balance, and chloroform and so on, but also on the animals and humans will have a carcinogenic effect.
The new method of sewage treatment with ozone is good. Domestic "underwater world" of aquaculture water to ozone sterilization. However, the ozone equipment is expensive, high maintenance requirements, the half-life at 25 ℃ only 16min, and can not be stored and transported. These shortcomings for the development of sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide left space. It is expected that within the next 10 years, hospital wastewater treatment is still dominated by chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Fish disease research journal published in 1996, No. 6, "chlorine dioxide used in water" article, mainly to explain the water, tap water; industrial wastewater, environmental wastewater; industrial recycling water; aquaculture water and other applications of chlorine dioxide. If from the point of view of war preparation, reserve sodium chlorate, sodium chlorite or stable chlorine dioxide, etc., with these precursors of chlorine dioxide for the "war material" is appropriate. As for the dosage, usage, with what kind of equipment, etc., should depend on the specific circumstances of each unit of discharge and pollutants. Such as NaClO3 acidification reduction to produce chlorine dioxide, wastewater treatment is one of the conventional methods. At the end of the pool a few hours before discharge, and then add the appropriate amount of bleach [Ca (OCl) 2], both measured the amount of residual chlorine discharged into the water, but also correct the pH value; or add NaOH, etc. for sedimentation, and its sludge can also be used as fertilizer.
Hospital waste treatment
Chlorine dioxide treatment of medical waste patents have seen a lot. Chlorine dioxide devices have been invented abroad, used to treat medical waste. The method is to be recycled bedding, clothing dressings and non-recycled dressings, waste paper, etc. Separate, and then transported to a chlorine dioxide corrosion-resistant resin airtight containers, and injected into this container of chlorine dioxide precursor (NaClO2) and acid, only at the same time stirring or crushing for 10min, you can achieve the effect of complete disinfection. For glass, plastic, metal utensils and even infant corpses can also be treated with chlorine dioxide, thus eliminating the need for incinerators, which are fuel-intensive, labor-intensive, time-consuming and pollute the environment. With this method only need to use resin containers, you can deal with different medical supplies, and its simple method is worth the hospitals to refer to quote. In addition, the hospitals in the washing of overalls, bedding, such as chlorine dioxide precursor can be added at the same time (such as NaClO2 or S.ClO2 stabilizer), both to achieve the purpose of disinfection, but also bleaching fabrics, to achieve a two-in-one
Consolidated conclusions: chlorine dioxide is more effective.