Mechatronics development has become a new discipline with its own system, with the development of science and technology, but also will be given new content. But its basic features can be summarized as follows: mechatronics is from the point of view of the system, the comprehensive use of mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology, information technology, sensing, measurement and control technology, power electronics technology, interface technology, information transformation technology, and software programming technology and other groups of technology, according to the system's functional objectives and optimization of the organization of the objectives of the rational configuration and layout of the functional units in the Multi-function, high quality, high reliability, low energy consumption in the sense of realizing specific functional value, and make the whole system optimization of the system engineering technology. The resulting functional system becomes a mechatronic system or a mechatronic product.
Thus, "mechatronics" covers both "technology" and "product". Only, mechatronics technology is based on the organic integration of the above groups of technology, a comprehensive technology, rather than mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and other new technologies, a simple combination, patchwork. This is mechatronics and mechanical plus electrical formation of mechanical electrification in the concept of the fundamental difference. Mechanical engineering technology has pure technology development to mechanical electrification, still belongs to the traditional machinery, its main function is still to replace and amplify the physical strength. But the development of mechatronics, which microelectronic devices in addition to replacing some mechanical components of the original function, but also to give a lot of new functions, such as automatic detection, automatic processing of information, automatic display records, automatic regulation and control of automatic diagnosis and protection. That is, mechatronics products are not only an extension of the human hand and limb, or human senses and the eyes of the mind, with intelligent features is mechatronics and mechanical electrification in the function of the essential difference.
2, the development of mechatronics
The development of mechatronics can be roughly divided into three stages. 1960s before the first stage, this stage is called the primary stage. In this period, people consciously and unconsciously use the preliminary results of electronic technology to improve the performance of mechanical products. Especially during the Second World War, the war stimulated the combination of mechanical products and electronic technology, and these military technologies combining electromechanics were converted to civilian use after the war, which played a positive role in the recovery of the post-war economy. At that time, research and development were still in a spontaneous state from a general point of view. As the development of electronic technology had not yet reached a certain level, the combination of mechanical technology and electronic technology could not yet be widely and y developed, and the products that had already been developed could not be popularized in large quantities.
The 1970s to 1980s for the second stage, can be called the vigorous development stage. During this period, the development of computer technology, control technology, communication technology, for the development of mechatronics laid the technical foundation. The rapid development of large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits and microcomputers has provided a sufficient material basis for the development of mechatronics. This period is characterized by: ① mechatronics term was first generally accepted in Japan, about the end of the 1980s in the world to be more widely recognized; ② mechatronics technology and products have been greatly developed; ③ countries have begun to mechatronics technology and products to give a lot of attention and support.
In the late 1990s, a new phase of mechatronics technology to the intelligent direction began, mechatronics into the period of in-depth development. On the one hand, optics, communication technology and so on into the mechatronics, microfabrication technology also in mechatronics, the emergence of optical mechatronics and micro-mechatronics and other new branches; on the other hand, the mechatronics system modeling and design, analysis and integration methods, mechatronics disciplinary system and development trends have been studied in depth. At the same time, due to the great progress made in the fields of artificial intelligence technology, neural network technology and fiber optic technology, it opens up a wide world for the development of mechatronics technology. These studies will prompt mechatronics to further establish a complete foundation and gradually form a complete scientific system.
China is from the early 1980s only began in this area of research and application. The State Council set up a leading group of mechatronics and the technology is listed in the "863 program". In the formulation of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" and the 2010 Development Program took into full account the international development trends on mechatronics technology and the impact it may bring. Many colleges and universities, research institutions and some large and medium-sized enterprises on the development and application of this technology has done a lot of work, not achieved certain results, but compared with Japan and other advanced countries there is still a considerable gap.
3. The development trend of mechatronics
Mechatronics is a set of mechanical, electronics, optics, control, computers, information and other interdisciplinary cross-comprehensive, and its development and progress depends on and promotes the development and progress of related technologies. Therefore, the main development direction of mechatronics is as follows:
3.1 Intelligent
Intelligent is an important development direction of mechatronics technology development in the 21st century. Artificial intelligence in the mechatronics builder's research is increasingly being emphasized, robotics and CNC machine tool intelligence is an important application. Intelligent" is a description of the behavior of the machine, is based on control theory, absorbing artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology and chaos dynamics and other new ideas, new methods, simulating human intelligence, so that it has the ability of judgment and reasoning, logical thinking, autonomous decision-making, etc., in order to get a higher control goal. Get a higher control goal. Admittedly, it is impossible and unnecessary to make mechatronics products have the same intelligence as human beings. However, high-performance, high-speed microprocessors make mechatronics products endowed with low-level intelligence or part of the human intelligence, it is entirely possible and necessary.
3.2 Modularization
Modularization is an important and difficult project. Due to the mechatronics product categories and manufacturers, research and development with standard mechanical interfaces, electrical interfaces, power interfaces, environmental interfaces, mechatronics product unit is a very complex but very important thing. For example, the development of a set of deceleration, intelligent speed control, motor in one of the power unit, with vision, image processing, recognition and distance measurement and other functions of the control unit, as well as a variety of mechanical devices that can complete the typical operation. In this way, new products can be rapidly developed using standard units, and the scale of production can also be expanded. This requires the development of standards for the matching and interfacing of components and units. Due to conflicts of interest, it is difficult to develop international or domestic standards in this area in the near future, but they can be gradually formed through the formation of a number of large enterprises. Obviously, from the standardization of electrical products, the benefits of serialization can be sure, both for the production of standard mechatronics unit of the enterprise or for the production of mechatronics products, the scale will give mechatronics enterprises to bring a bright future.
3.3 Networking
In the 1990s, computer technology and other outstanding achievements is network technology. The rise and rapid development of network technology to science and technology, industrial production, politics, military, education and people's daily lives have brought great changes. Various networks will be the global economy, production connected, competition between enterprises will also be globalized. Mechatronics new products once developed, as long as its unique features, reliable quality, will soon be sold worldwide. Due to the popularization of the network, a variety of network-based remote control and monitoring technology in the ascendant, and remote control of the terminal equipment itself is mechatronics products. Fieldbus and LAN technology is home appliances network has become a trend, the use of home networks (home net) will be connected to a variety of home appliances into a computer-centered computer integrated appliance system (computer integrated appliance system, CIAS), so that people in the home to share a variety of high technology to bring convenience and happiness. Therefore, mechatronics products are undoubtedly developing towards networking.
3.4 Miniaturization
Miniaturization emerged in the late 1980s, referring to the trend of mechatronics towards micro-machines and micro-fields. Foreign countries call it micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), referring to the geometric size of not more than 1cm3 mechatronics products, and to the micron, nanometer development. Microelectromechanical integration products are small in size, low in energy consumption, flexible in movement, and have incomparable advantages in biomedical, military, information and other aspects. The bottleneck in the development of micro-mechatronics lies in the micro-mechanical technology, micro-mechatronics products are processed using fine processing technology, that is, ultra-precision technology, which includes photolithography and etching technology of two types.
3.5 Greening
The development of industry has brought great changes to people's lives. On the one hand, material abundance and comfortable life; on the other hand, resources are reduced and the ecological environment is seriously polluted. Thus, people call for the protection of environmental resources and return to nature. The concept of green products came into being under this call, and greening is the trend of the times. Green products in their design, manufacture, use and destruction of the life process, in line with specific environmental protection and human health requirements, harmless to the ecological environment or very little harm, resource utilization rate is very high. Designing green mechatronics products has a far-reaching future. The greening of mechatronic products mainly means that they do not pollute the ecological environment when used and can be recycled after scrapping.
3.6 Systematization
One of the performance characteristics of systematization is that the system architecture further adopts the open and patterned bus structure. The system can be flexibly configured for any cut and combination, while seeking to achieve multi-subsystem coordinated control and integrated management. Performance of the second is the communication function is greatly strengthened, generally in addition to RS232, and RS485, DCS personification. The future of mechatronics pay more attention to the relationship between products and people, mechatronics personification has two layers of meaning. One layer is that the ultimate use of mechatronics products are people, how to give mechatronics products human intelligence, emotion, human nature is becoming more and more important, especially for household robots, its high-level realm is human-machine integration. Another layer is to mimic the biological mechanism, the development of a variety of mechatronic flower products. In fact, many mechatronic products are inspired by animals developed.
4. Conclusion
In summary, the emergence of mechatronics is not isolated, it is the crystallization of many scientific and technological development, is the development of social productivity to a certain stage of the inevitable requirements. Of course, there are many other technologies related to mechatronics, and with the development of science and technology, the trend of mutual integration of various technologies will become more and more obvious, and the broad prospects for the development of mechatronics technology will become brighter and brighter.
5. References
1. Li Jianyong. Mechatronics technology. Beijing: Science Press, 2004.
2. Li Yunhua. Mechatronics control. Beijing: Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 2003.
3. Gao Zhongyu. Gao Zhongyu. Electromechanical Control Engineering. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2002.
4. Liu Zubai. Knowledge Innovation Thinking Methodology. Beijing: Machinery Industry Press, 1999.
Mechatronics is also known as mechatronics, also known as electromechanical integration, known as Mechatronics in English, it is by the English Mechanics Mechanics of the first half of the second half of the combination of electronics and Electronics. Mechatronics first appeared in 1971 in the Japanese magazine "Mechanical Design" supplement, with the rapid development of mechatronics technology, the concept of mechatronics is widely accepted and commonly used by us. With the rapid development and wide application of computer technology, mechatronics technology has gained unprecedented development. Nowadays, mechatronics technology is a close collection of mechanical and microelectronic technology, his development makes the cold machine has humanized, intelligent.
Mechatronics technology is based on mechanical manufacturing and electronics, and with the computer software, so it is the integration of machinery, electronics, motors and computers and other related fields of a multi-disciplinary technology.
The main research purpose of mechatronics is to combine mechanical technology with microelectronic technology and information technology to realize the optimization of the whole system. Mechatronics can give full play to the respective strengths and characteristics of mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and information technology to promote the renewal of mechanical products. Mechatronics system is mainly composed of mechanical body, sensors, information processing and actuators. The more advanced systems not only have hardware, but also the corresponding software, the use of software technology can realize the hardware is difficult to achieve the function, so that the mechanical system to increase flexibility. Typical mechatronics systems have CNC machine tools, machining centers, industrial robots and so on. Mechatronics technology in addition to individual machines, equipment or general production system for technological transformation, but also for flexible manufacturing systems, computer integrated manufacturing systems, factory automation, office automation, home automation and so on.
Specific content of mechatronics technology
(1) mechanical technology
Mechanical technology is the basis of mechatronics, mechanical technology is focused on how to adapt to the mechatronics technology, the use of other high, new technology to update the concept, to achieve structural, material, performance changes to meet the weight reduction, volume reduction, improve accuracy, improve rigidity and improve the performance requirements. In the manufacturing process of mechatronic system, the classical mechanical theory and technology should be used with the help of computer-aided technology, and at the same time using artificial intelligence and expert system, forming a new generation of mechanical manufacturing technology.
(2) Computer and Information Technology
In which information exchange, access, arithmetic, judgment and decision-making, artificial intelligence technology, expert system technology, neural network technology all belong to computer information processing technology.
(3) system technology
System technology, that is, the overall concept of organizing and applying a variety of related technologies, from the global point of view and system goals, the overall decomposition into a number of interrelated functional units, interface technology is an important aspect of system technology, it is the realization of the various parts of the system organically connected to the
guarantee.
(4) automatic control technology
its scope is very wide, under the guidance of control theory, system design, system simulation after design, field debugging, control technology including such as high-precision positioning control, speed control, adaptive control, self-diagnostic correction, compensation, reproduction, retrieval and so on.
(5) Sensing and Detection Technology
Sensing and detection technology is the feeling organ of the system, is to realize the key link of automatic control and automatic adjustment. The stronger its function, the higher the automation program of the system. Modern engineering requires sensors to be able to obtain information quickly and accurately and to withstand the test of harsh environments, and it is a guarantee that the mechatronics system will reach a high level.
(6) servo drive technology
Including electric, pneumatic, hydraulic and other types of transmission devices, servo system is the realization of electrical signals to the mechanical action of the conversion devices and components, the dynamic performance of the system, the quality of the control and the function of the decisive impact.
Mechatronics system components
1, mechanical body
Mechanical body including frame, mechanical connection, mechanical transmission, etc., which is the basis of mechatronics, plays a role in supporting the system in the other functional units, the role of transferring motion and power. Compared with purely mechanical products, the technical performance of the mechatronics system has been improved and its functions have been enhanced, which requires the mechanical body to be able to adapt to it in terms of mechanical structure, materials, processing technology and geometric dimensions with high efficiency, multi-functionality, reliability, and energy saving, small size, lightweight, and aesthetic features.
2, detection and sensing part
Detection and sensing part of a variety of sensors and their signal detection circuits, the role of which is to detect the mechatronics system in the process of its own work and the external environment of the relevant parameter changes, and will be passed on to the information to the electronic control unit, the electronic control unit based on the information examined to the actuator to send the appropriate control.
3, electronic control unit
Electronic control unit, also known as ECU (Electrical Control Unit), is the core of the mechatronics system, is responsible for the detection signals from various sensors and external input commands for centralization, storage, calculation, analysis, according to the results of the information processed in accordance with a certain degree and tempo to send out the appropriate instructions. , controlling the whole system purposefully.
4, actuator
The role of the actuator is to drive the movement of mechanical parts according to the instructions of the electronic control unit. The actuator is a moving part, usually using electric drive, pneumatic drive and hydraulic drive and so on several ways.
5, power source
Power source is a mechatronics product energy supply part, its role is to provide energy and power to the mechanical system in accordance with the system control requirements to make the system run normally. Provide energy in the form of electrical energy, gas energy and hydraulic energy, with electrical energy as the main.
The four principles of mechatronics technology
Constituting the mechatronics system of the five components of the internal and mutual must follow the structure of the coupling, motion transfer, information control and energy conversion of the four principles.
1, interface coupling
Two need for information exchange and transfer between the links, due to the different modes of information (digital and analog, serial code and parallel code, continuous pulse and serial pulse, etc.) can not be directly transferred and exchanged, it must be realized through the interface coupling. And the two signal strength difference between the links, must also be coupled through the interface to match. Transform the amplified signal to be reliable between the two links, fast, accurate exchange, transfer, must follow the consistent timing, signal format and logic specifications, so the interface coupling must have to ensure that the information of the logic control function, so that the information in accordance with the prescribed mode of exchange and transfer.
2, energy conversion
Two need for transmission and exchange between the links, due to the different modes and can not be directly converted and exchanged energy must be converted energy conversion, energy conversion, including actuators, drives and their different types of energy conversion methods and principles of optimal.
3, information control
In the system, the so-called intelligent components of the system control unit, in the software and hardware to ensure that the completion of the information collection, transmission, storage, analysis, computing, judgment, decision-making, in order to achieve the purpose of information control. For a high degree of intelligent information control system also contains knowledge acquisition, reasoning mechanisms and self-learning functions such as knowledge-driven functions.
4, motion transfer
Motion transfer makes the composition of mechatronics system components, different types of motion transformation and transmission and optimization for the purpose of motion control.
Mechatronics development -- Opto-mechatronics (Opto-mechatronics)
In the laser technology and microcomputer as a representative of the rapid development of microelectronics technology, rapid penetration into the field of electromechanical industry, and electromechanical technology in-depth combination of modern industry on the basis of a comprehensive application of mechanical technology, microelectronics, information technology, automatic control technology, sensor control technology, power electronics.
Opto-electro-mechanical integration technology is by mechanical technology and laser-microelectronics technology integration together with the emerging technology. It is compared with the traditional mechanical products, the main features are as follows:
1, comprehensive and systematic
Opto-electro-mechanical integration is an interdisciplinary fringe science, it is laser technology, microelectronics technology, computer technology, information technology and mechanical technology combined with a comprehensive high technology. The synthesis of such a variety of technologies and the combination of multiple parts, making the optical mechatronics technology and products more systematic, complete and scientific. Its various components such as mechanical technology, microelectronics technology, automatic control technology, information technology, sensing technology, power electronics technology, interface technology, analog and digital exchange technology and software technology, etc. in the synthesis of a complete system with each other have strict requirements, which need to take the best of each other, and constantly to the idealization of the direction of development. The result is to make the original technology to avoid the shortcomings, more reasonable.
2, multi-level, wide coverage
Opto-electromechanical integration is a general technical guiding ideology, it is not only embodied in the
Some of the electromechanical integration of stand-alone products, but also through the engineering system design. From a simple single optical mechatronics products, to the modern industry in the flexible processing system; from a simple single-parameter display, to the complex multi-parameter, multi-level control; from the mechanical parts of the continuous automatic heat treatment production line, to a variety of modern high-speed automated production line of heavy machinery, etc., the optical mechatronics technology has a variety of different levels, covering a wide range of application areas. For engineering systems, the need for complete sets of development and manufacturing. For optical mechatronics stand-alone products (equipment), should be used in a simple and complex, high and low-level coexistence of multi-level development path. Functionality can be developed to add the type of low-level products; can also develop functional substitution type of intermediate products; can also develop electromechanical integration type of high-level products, an unprecedented new generation of products.
3, the structure is simplified, easy to operate
Opto-electromechanical integration technology can be located in the past by the mechanical transmission chain connected to the relevant action parts, instead of several motors are driven separately, or with power electronics, or with electronic electronic control devices for the relevant action control to achieve. Therefore, the mechanical structure is greatly simplified, and even make some mechanical structure, "from the bone", produced a qualitative change. Opto-mechatronics technology allows operators to get rid of the past must be in accordance with the provisions of the operating procedures or beat frequently and tensely monotonous repetitive operation of the way of work, can be flexible and convenient on-demand control and change the production operating procedures. Any one opto-mechatronics device or system related to the action and functional coordination of the drive mechanism, can be preset by the program step by step by the electronic control system command, such as CNC machine tools, flexible machining systems (FMS) and so on. Some optical mechatronics devices, can realize the operation of full automation, such as industrial robots, printed circuit board CNC high-speed drilling machine. Some of the more advanced optical mechatronics system, but also through the mathematical model of the controlled object and according to the change of various external parameters at any moment, randomly find the best work procedures, the degree of action and fast and slow, as well as the coordination of relations, in order to achieve the optimal work and the best operation, such as microcomputer-controlled hot rolling mill plate thickness self-control system, elevator group control system, intelligent robots, and so on.
4, improve accuracy, functionality increased
Opto-electro-mechanical integration technology to reduce the mechanical transmission components, so that mechanical wear and tear and with the gap caused by the action error is greatly reduced, while the use of electronic technology, feedback control level of improvement and high-speed processing, can be accurately through the electronic automated control system according to the preset amount of the corresponding institutions to make the action due to a variety of interfering factors. Errors caused by various interference factors, but also through the self-control system of their own diagnosis, correction, compensation to achieve by purely mechanical means can not be realized by the work of the accuracy. Therefore, the optical mechatronics products have a wide range of applications, applicable to a wide range of easy to meet a variety of needs. The introduction of electronic technology, so that the face of the product has changed dramatically, electronic devices can be in accordance with the intention of automatic control, automatic detection, information acquisition and processing, regulation, correction, compensation, self-diagnostics, automatic protection until the automatic recording, display, print the results of the work. By changing the program, instructions and other software content without changing the hardware part can change the function of the product, so that the mechanical control function content of the determination and change tends to be software than "and" intelligent ".
5, high reliability, high stability and high service life
Traditional mechanical device of the moving part, generally accompanied by wear and moving parts with the gap caused by the action error, and issued due to the movable friction, impact, vibration, etc. caused by the sound (noise), which obviously affects the device life, stability and reliability. The application of opto-electromechanical integration technology, so that the movable parts of the device to reduce the wear and tear is also greatly reduced, such as integrated proximity switches and even no movable parts, no mechanical wear and tear. Therefore, the life of the device to improve, reduce the failure rate, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the product. Some opto-mechatronics products even do not need maintenance or have self-diagnostic function.
6, the development of knowledge-intensive
Research and development of opto-mechatronics products often involves a lot of academic - science and professional knowledge, such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, acoustics, mechanical engineering, power electronics, electrical engineering, systems engineering, optics, cybernetics, information theory and computer
Science, and other subjects as well as professional knowledge of the various disciplines. For example, people are very familiar with the electrostatic copier, color printing machine, etc., is a kind of machine, electricity, light, magnetism, chemistry and other disciplines and technology composite innovation of new products. The engineers and technicians who design such products put forward newer and higher requirements for their own knowledge structure. Modern technology requires modern talents to master and develop it. Need to play a variety of functions of advanced equipment, it is necessary to give it a variety of knowledge and wisdom. </P p>
Chase:
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