Commonly used training techniques:
1. Joint mobility techniques
(1) active movement of the patient's active force contraction of the muscles to complete the joint movement or action, in order to maintain the range of joint mobility training. Commonly used various unarmed gymnastics or apparatus gymnastics.
(2) the active assistance exercise in the external force, the patient active contraction of muscles to complete the movement or action. Assistance can be provided by the therapist, the patient's limbs, equipment, gravity or water buoyancy. This kind of exercise is often a form of transition from passive exercise to active exercise, and its purpose is to gradually enhance muscle strength. Suspension exercises, pulley exercises, and instrumental exercises are commonly used.
(3) passive exercise patients themselves or with the help of a therapist to complete the joint movement, in order to maintain and increase the range of motion of the joints training methods.
2. Soft tissue stretching techniques
The stretching is a therapeutic method of lengthening contracted or shortened soft tissues. The purpose is to improve or regain the extension of the soft tissues around the joints, reduce muscle tension, and increase or restore the range of motion of the joints. According to the source of the stretching force, the way of stretching and the duration, stretching can be categorized into manual stretching, instrumental stretching and self-stretching. Clinically, it is mainly used for the shortening of muscles, connective tissues and skin, and the reduction of joint range of motion caused by soft tissue contracture, adhesion or scar formation.
3. Plyometrics
According to the principle of overloading, dynamic or static active resistance training with the therapist applying resistance or the patient using his own gravity to provide resistance. According to the muscle contraction mode and the form of resistance can be divided into isometric, isotonic and isokinetic exercises. Clinically, it is mainly used for the training of patients with weak muscle strength (grade 4 or lower).
4. Walking training techniques
Including pre-walking training and walking training. The former is a series of training exercises performed by the patient to prepare for the completion of walking exercises, in order to improve the patient's ability to adapt to standing, walking and other body positions. The latter is the practice of walking ability by the patient himself or by using different walking aids.
5. Neurodevelopmental therapy
It is a method of treating limb movement disorders after brain injury that began to appear in the 1940s, and is typified by the Bobath technique, the Brunnstrom technique, and the Rood technique. The techniques all take the nervous system as the key therapeutic object, and apply the basic principles and laws of neurodevelopmental science and neurophysiology to the rehabilitation treatment of movement disorders after brain injury. The treatment follows the sequence of head-tail, proximal-distal, turning the treatment into a process of learning and controlling movements.
6. Motor relearning therapy
The training to restore motor function after central nervous system injury is regarded as a relearning or relearned therapy. It takes biomechanics, human kinesiology, neurophysiology and cognitive psychology as its theoretical basis, is work or function oriented, emphasizes the subjective participation of patients, and trains patients in motor function according to scientific motor learning methods.
7. Aerobic training
Aerobic training is endurance training aimed at increasing the body's ability to inhale, deliver and use oxygen. It is also a fitness method to improve the body's aerobic metabolism. This training method is simple, easy to implement, the movement of the skill requirements are not high, easy to implement, the movement of walking, aerobics, swimming, bicycling, running in place, stair climbing, jumping rope and so on. The physiological load of the human body is determined by the intensity of exercise, the number of training, each training duration, etc., and the human body can self-monitoring and self-control training, and therefore safe and effective. The general use of moderate intensity endurance training, cardiorespiratory function has a good effect, can improve the load, increase the oxygen-carrying capacity, and to improve the process of aerobic catabolism and anabolism of the body has a role in promoting, but also to increase the muscle contraction force.